Dermatan Sulfate: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Biological Roles.

Dermatan sulfate (DS) is a remarkably versatile glycosaminoglycan that plays critical roles across a wide array of biological processes. Its unique structure, characterized by repeating disaccharide units of -acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and Iduronic acid (IdoA) with variable sulfation patterns, enables it to interact with numerous biomolecules. These interactions mediate diverse functions, including the organization of the extracellular matrix, promotion of wound healing, and modulation of cancer progression.

Identifying Hemodynamic Predictors of Aortic Growth After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Type B Aortic Dissection.

Objective: To explore independent predictors of aortic growth in patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent TEVAR for TBAD in a single center between April 2014 and April 2023 were evaluated retrospectively. Rapid enlargement (defined as ≥5 mm/year) or aortic rupture were used to categorize patients into aortic growth and nongrowth groups.

One-Step Strategy to Synthesize Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Silica Chromatographic Stationary Phases for Separation of Rare-Earth Elements.

Separation and analysis of rare-earth elements (REEs) with impurities are challenging processes. Ion-exchange chromatography has emerged as a valuable technology for rare-earth separation, and developing a simple and efficient preparation method for stationary ion-exchange chromatography remains a hot topic. In this study, a sulfonic acid-modified silica stationary phase was synthesized through a facile one-step strategy, where 1,3-propanesultone reacted with the silanol group.

Dispersion Stability and Tribological Properties of Cold Plasma-Modified h-BN Nanofluid.

h-BN spherical nanoparticles, known as white graphene, have good anti-wear properties, long service life, chemical inertness, and stability, which provide superior lubricating performance as a solid additive item to nanofluids. However, the poor dispersion stability of h-BN nanoparticles in nanofluids is a bottleneck that restricts their application. Currently, to prepare h-BN nanofluids with good dispersion stability, a cold plasma (CP) modification of h-BN nanoparticles is proposed in this study.

Advances in biomaterials for osteonecrosis treatment.

Osteonecrosis, or ischemic osteonecrosis, occurs when bone tissue dies due to a reduced blood supply. This process begins with the death of osteocytes and is followed by the development of necrotic bone tissue. The body initiates intrinsic repair mechanisms to counteract osteonecrosis.

Two-step seed swelling polymerization to prepare poly(glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) microspheres and their sulfonation for chromatographic separation of rare earth elements.

A two-step seed swelling polymerization method was used to successfully synthesize monodisperse porous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) (PGMA-DVB) microspheres, which can be sulfonated and then used as new cation-exchange stationary phases for the separation of rare earth elements (REEs), demonstrating high resolution, stability, and selective separation of the REEs.

Evaluation of Surface Integrity of Multi-Energy Field Coupling-Assisted Micro-Grinding Hastelloy Alloy.

Hastelloy is widely used in the manufacturing of high-temperature components in the aerospace industry because of its high strength and corrosion-resistant physical properties, as well as its ability to maintain excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures. However, with developments in science and technology, the amount of available components for use in high-temperature and corrosive environments is increasing, their structures are becoming more complex and varied, and requirements with regard to the surface quality of the components has also become more stringent. The integration of cold plasma (CP) and nano-lubricant minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL), within a multi-physics coupling-assisted micro-grinding process (CPNMQL), presents a promising strategy to overcome this bottleneck.

Biomechanical mechanisms behind the distal false lumen enlargement after TEVAR for type b aortic dissections: A computational one-way fluid-structure interaction study.

Distal false lumen (FL) expansion is a common complication after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of type-B aortic dissection (TBAD). FL expansion is likely to cause post dissection aortic aneurysm (PDAA). At present, the biomechanical mechanism leading to the expansion of the FL is not clear, resulting in difficulties in its prevention and treatment.

Multiple mutations in succinate dehydrogenase subunits conferring resistance to fungicide Pydiflumetofen in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Background: Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease. Pydiflumetofen, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), has promising potential for controlling rice blast owing to the antifungal activity of this fungicide.

Results: The median effective concentration (EC) of 18 M.

Bump-Fabrication Technologies for Micro-LED Display: A Review.

Micro Light Emitting Diode (Micro-LED) technology, characterized by exceptional brightness, low power consumption, fast response, and long lifespan, holds significant potential for next-generation displays, yet its commercialization hinges on resolving challenges in high-density interconnect fabrication, particularly micrometer-scale bump formation. Traditional fabrication approaches such as evaporation enable precise bump control but face scalability and cost limitations, while electroplating offers lower costs and higher throughput but suffers from substrate conductivity requirements and uneven current density distributions that compromise bump-height uniformity. Emerging alternatives include electroless plating, which achieves uniform metal deposition on non-conductive substrates through autocatalytic reactions albeit with slower deposition rates; ball mounting and dip soldering, which streamline processes via automated solder jetting or alloy immersion but struggle with bump miniaturization and low yield; and photosensitive conductive polymers that simplify fabrication via photolithography-patterned composites but lack validated long-term stability.

Characterization of Peperomia leptostachya polysaccharides and functional properties of their Maillard reaction products with whey protein isolate.

Whey protein isolate (WPI) has excellent emulsifying properties but lacks antioxidant activity, limiting its effectiveness in oil-in-water emulsions. Modifying WPI via the Maillard reaction with polysaccharides may produce compounds with enhanced antioxidant properties while retaining their emulsifying ability. In this study, a novel polysaccharide, SCCP-1-1, was extracted from Peperomia leptostachya for the first time.

An unconventional effector MoRpa12 targeting host nuclei is essential for the development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae.

RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is a multi-subunit protein complex associated with the transcription of most ribosomal RNA molecules in all eukaryotes. Rpa12 is a small subunit of the Pol I catalytic core and plays a critical role in RNA cleavage, transcription initiation and elongation during proliferation in yeast and mammals. However, the function of Rpa12 in phytopathogenic fungi has not yet been characterized.

Mid-term outcomes of the fenestration, branched stent-graft, and hybrid techniques in the treatment of thoracic aortic pathologies involving the left subclavian artery.

Objective: To compare the midterm outcomes of fenestration, branched stent-graft thoracic endovascular aortic repair, and hybrid procedures in treating aortic arch pathologies involving the left subclavian artery.

Methods: We collected the clinical data from 144 patients with aortic arch pathologies involving and only involving the left subclavian artery (LSA) who underwent fenestration, branched stent-graft thoracic endovascular aortic repair, and hybrid procedures from November 2015 and December 2022 at a single center. Among the patients, 68 were treated by fenestration, 61 by branched stent-grafts, and 15 by hybrid surgery.

Antibacterial carbon dots.

Bacterial infections significantly threaten human health, leading to severe diseases and complications across multiple systems and organs. Antibiotics remain the primary treatment strategy for these infections. However, the growing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics underscores the urgent need for safe and effective alternative treatments.

Synthesis and antitumor activity of ultra-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid-decorated camptothecin conjugates.

Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits potent anticancer activity, but its clinical application is limited by poor solubility and severe side effects. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is gaining attention in drug delivery systems due to its excellent biocompatibility and tumor-targeting properties. In this study, we conjugated CPT to the reducing end of ultra-low molecular weight HA to create a series of HA-decorated CPT conjugates.

Bacillus coagulans alleviates intestinal barrier injury induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae in rabbits by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway.

Probiotics effectively alleviate host diarrhoea, but the specific mechanism is not clear. Therefore, we explored the protective mechanism of Bacillus coagulans (BC) on intestinal barrier injury induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) in rabbits by HE, immunofluorescence and 16S rRNA.

Biomaterials-based phototherapy for bacterial infections.

Bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance are global health problems, and current treatments for bacterial infections still rely on the use of antibiotics. Phototherapy based on the use of a photosensitizer has high efficiency, a broad spectrum, strong selectivity, does not easily induce drug resistance, and is expected to become an effective strategy for the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly drug-resistant infections. This article reviews antimicrobial strategies of phototherapy based on photosensitizers, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and their combination.

Construction of an immunogenic cell death-related LncRNA signature to predict the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignant diseases worldwide. This study aimed to construct an immunogenic cell death (ICD)-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature to effectively predict the prognosis of LUAD.

Methods: The RNA-sequencing and clinical data of LUAD were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Interwoven Porous Pristine Cobalt-Based Metal-Organic Framework as an Efficient Photocatalyst for CO Reduction.

As a desired utilization of the conversion of CO into valuable carbon fuel production under solar energy, it remains challenging due to the lack of efficient catalysts. Herein, a 3D interpenetrating metal-organic framework of [Co(Tipa)(HCOO)(HO)]·HO (Co-Tipa) with 1D open channel is solvothermally synthesized using a semi-flexible ligand (Tipa = tri-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl)amine). The tridentate bridge ligand-oriented periodicity Co-Tipa MOF is combined with ruthenium-based photosensitizers under mild reaction conditions to form an efficient nonhomogeneous co-catalyst for photocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR).

An untargeted UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based plasma metabonomics revealed the effects of peperomin E in a prostate cancer nude mouse model.

Peperomia dindygulensis is used as an anticancer medicinal plant in China and is rich in a series of novel secolignans, including peperomin E (PE). In our prior study, we demonstrated the significant reduction in tumor weight and volume in vivo in a PCa DU145 cell xenograft tumor mouse model following PE treatment. However, the impact of PE on PCa metabolism remains unclear.

Mobile stroke units based on rural emergency medical stations for pre-hospital intravenous thrombolysis of stroke in remote areas.

Objectives: To explore a novel model of mobile stroke units (MSUs) integrated with rural emergency medical stations for pre-hospital care of stroke patients in remote areas.

Methods: We used MSUs + Ambulance mode, where both the MSUs and conventional ambulances are sent to the patient's location. The conventional ambulance coordinates with the MSUs to choose the fastest route to meet and transfer the patient at the point along the way.

Long-Term Outcomes of PETTICOAT Technique-Assisted Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for the Treatment of Acute and Subacute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of the provisional extension to induce complete attachment technique (PETTICOAT) for the treatment of acute and subacute complicated type B aortic dissection (TBAD).

Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinical data of patients with acute and subacute TBAD who were treated using the PETTICOAT technique at our center between March 2014 and March 2023. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality; secondary endpoints were a composite of complications, such as entry flow, stent-graft-induced new entry (SINE), and re-intervention.

Distinct Olfactory Bulb-Cortex Neural Circuits Coordinate Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease.

Cognitive dysfunction stands as a prevalent and consequential non-motor manifestation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although dysfunction of the olfactory system has been recognized as an important predictor of cognitive decline, the exact mechanism by which aberrant olfactory circuits contribute to cognitive dysfunction in PD is unclear. Here, we provide the first evidence for abnormal functional connectivity across olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex (PC) or entorhinal cortex (EC) by clinical fMRI, and dysfunction of neural coherence in the olfactory system in PD mice.