Differentiating pilot distress and eustress via multimodal physiology: towards enhanced human-system integration in intelligent cockpits.

Ensuring safety in next-generation intelligent cockpits demands accurate assessment of pilot states, particularly distinguishing between eustress and distress. Traditional stress monitoring lacks this nuance and struggles across varying flight tasks. This study proposes a multimodal neuro-cardiac framework combining functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electrocardiography (ECG) to differentiate eustress and distress across tasks.

Metformin and Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Regulator in Metabolism, Inflammation, and Regeneration.

Metformin, a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has garnered attention due to its pleiotropic effects beyond glycemic control. In addition to improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, metformin modulates inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular metabolism, particularly within adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is a crucial endocrine organ that plays a central role in metabolic homeostasis and is integral to obesity and T2DM pathogenesis.

Recognising and explaining mental workload using low-interference method by fusing speech, ECG and eye tracking signals during simulated flight.

The mental workload of pilots is a critical factor influencing performance. This study aims to propose a low-interference mental workload recognition method based on aviation ecological validity. A simulated flight tracking experiment was conducted with twenty-six pilot cadets.

Class-Specific Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Models.

The use of learning prompts to adapt pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) for downstream tasks has gained significant attention due to its potential to reduce training costs compared to model fine-tuning through few-shot learning. Most existing methods rely on a universal prompt for all classes, as it generally delivers consistent performance across various datasets. However, a universal prompt cannot capture class-specific discriminative information.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 16S rRNA and Cancer Microbiome Atlas Datasets to Characterize Microbiota Signatures in Normal Breast, Mastitis, and Breast Cancer.

The breast tissue microbiome has been increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to breast cancer development and progression. However, inconsistencies in microbial composition across studies have hindered the identification of definitive microbial signatures. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies using 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the bacterial microbiome in 1260 fresh breast tissue samples, including normal, mastitis-affected, benign, cancer-adjacent, and cancerous tissues.

Enhancement of Doxorubicin Efficacy by Bacopaside II in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options and high resistance to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin is commonly used, but its efficacy is limited by variable sensitivity and resistance. Bacopaside II, a saponin compound, has shown anti-cancer potential.

Identification and Analysis of the Mechanism of Stem Mechanical Strength Enhancement for Maize Inbred Lines QY1.

Enhancing stalk strength is a crucial strategy to reduce lodging. We identified a maize inbred line, QY1, with superior stalk mechanical strength. Comprehensive analyses of the microstructure, cell wall composition, and transcriptome of QY1 were performed to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to its increased strength.

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of circulating secreted frizzled-related protein 5 in colorectal cancer.

Background: Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 (SFRP5) modulates Wnt signalling pathways, affecting diverse biological processes. We assessed the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating SFRP5 (cSFRP5) in colorectal cancer (CRC) METHODS: Plasma cSFRP5 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in healthy donors (n = 133), individuals diagnosed with CRC (n = 449), colorectal polyps (n = 85), and medical conditions in other organs including cancer, inflammation, and benign states (n = 64).

Results: Patients with CRC, polyps, and other conditions showed higher cSFRP5 levels than healthy individuals (p < 0.

Identification of consensus head and neck cancer-associated microbiota signatures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 16S rRNA and The Cancer Microbiome Atlas datasets.

Multiple reports have attempted to describe the tumour microbiota in head and neck cancer (HNSC). However, these have failed to produce a consistent microbiota signature, which may undermine understanding the importance of bacterial-mediated effects in HNSC. The aim of this study is to consolidate these datasets and identify a consensus microbiota signature in HNSC.

Generation and assessment of cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are an adoptive immunotherapy reported to have strong anti-tumour activity across a range of cancers. They are a heterogeneous mix of lymphoid cells generated by culturing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with cytokines and monoclonal antibodies in vitro.

Clinical application of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy in colorectal cancer: Current strategies and future challenges.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Cytokine induced killer (CIK) cell therapy is an immunotherapy which has the potential to meet this need. Clinical trials of CIK cell therapy for the management of CRC have reported improved clinical outcomes.

Use of cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The number of clinical studies evaluating the benefit of cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK) therapy, an adoptive immunotherapy, for colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing. In many of these trials, CIK therapy was coadministered with conventional cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to systematically assess the available literature, in which the majority were only in Chinese, on CIK therapy for the management of CRC using meta-analysis and to identify parameters associated with successful CIK therapy implementation.

Proteomic characterisation of perhexiline treatment on THP-1 M1 macrophage differentiation.

Background: Dysregulated inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity. Macrophage activation and polarisation are commonly involved in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of inflammation. Perhexiline (PHX), an antianginal drug, has been suggested to modulate macrophage function, but the molecular effects of PHX on macrophages are unknown.

MXenes Functionalized with Macrocyclic Hosts: From Molecular Design to Applications.

Two-dimensional (2D) MXene has aroused wide attention for its excellent physical and chemical properties. The interlayer engineering formed by layer-by-layer stacking of MXene nanosheets can be employed for molecular sieving and water purification by incorporating specific groups onto the exterior surface of MXene. Macrocyclic hosts exhibiting unique structural features and recognition ability can construct smart devices for external stimuli with reversible features between macrocycles and guests.

Pt(II) metallacycles encapsulated by ferritin enable precise cancer combination chemo-photodynamic therapy.

Different from common anti-tumor drugs, organoplatinum(II) metallacycles can integrate imaging and other therapeutic capabilities by incorporating corresponding functional donor ligands to enable potential applications in biomedicine. However, most of the emerging therapeutic agents not only show poor solubility and selectivity but also have serious side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy and encounter the tendency to develop drug resistance due to their single treatment model. Herein, an organoplatinum(II) metallacycle (PtM) was designed and synthesized using coordination-driven self-assembly the combination of a metallic chemotherapy precursor and a reactive oxygen species generating organic precursor.

The Antianginal Drug Perhexiline Displays Cytotoxicity against Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro: A Potential for Drug Repurposing.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Perhexiline, a prophylactic anti-anginal drug, has been reported to have anti-tumour effects both in vitro and in vivo. Perhexiline as used clinically is a 50:50 racemic mixture ((R)-P) of (-) and (+) enantiomers.

Facile surface functionalization of MXene by pillar[5]arene for enhanced electrochemical performance.

A simple strategy was used to prepare functional two-dimensional materials the combination of pillar[5]arene (P5) and MXene. The electrochemical results of MXene-P5 exhibit high supramolecular recognition, enrichment capability, and high electrochemical response toward dye molecules, which are probably due to the synergetic effects from high conductivity, high surface area, and host-guest recognition. This study provides a promising electrochemical sensing platform based on different kinds of pillararenes.

Highly Emissive Multipurpose Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycles with Contrasting Mechanoresponsive Features.

The development of supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) with a bright aggregate state or mechanical-stimuli-responsive luminescence is very significant and challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of three different supramolecular platinum(II) metallacycles via coordination-driven self-assembly of a diplatinum(II) acceptor and organic donors with a triphenylamine, carbazole, or tetraphenylethylene moiety. The triphenylamine-modified SCC exhibits aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) but no mechanofluorochromism.

Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Membrane Based on Pillararene-Intercalated MXene Nanosheets for Efficient Water Purification.

Discharge of antibiotic-containing wastewater causes environmental pollution and threatens biological and human health. An efficient treatment method for this wastewater is urgently required. We prepared inorganic-organic hybrid MXene-pillararene nanosheets with a large lateral size (5-8 μm).

Ligand-Triggered Platinum(II) Metallacycle with Mechanochromic and Vapochromic Responses.

Supramolecular coordination complexes with solid-state stimuli-responsive characteristics are highly desirable but are rarely reported. Herein, we describe two coordination-driven self-assembled monoanthracene or dianthracene-based hexagonal metallacycles by subtle structure modification. Notably, the dianthracene-containing hexagon exhibits tricolor mechanochromic and vapochromic characteristics, while the monoanthracene-containing hexagon does not show obvious changes toward mechanical force.

Encapsulation of NIR-II AIEgens in Virus-like Particles for Bioimaging.

The development of organic nanoparticles that fluoresce in the near-infrared, especially in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window, improves in vivo fluorescence imaging due to deeper penetration and higher spatiotemporal resolution. We report two kinds of NIR-II fluorescent molecules with twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. The virus-like particles (VLPs) of simian virus 40 (SV40) were used as templates to encapsulate the molecules in a well-defined structure (referred to as CH1-SV40 and CH2-SV40).

Rhomboidal Pt(II) Metallacycle-Based Hybrid Viral Nanoparticles for Cell Imaging.

Supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) have emerged as anticancer agents. Tracking the movement of these metallic anticancer agents plays an important role in the field of biomedicines. Herein, we describe a method for tracking the movement of a rhomboidal Pt(II) metallacycle agent using the quantum dots encapsidation self-assembly system of viral proteins.

Mechanistic Influence of Chemical Agglomeration Agents on Removal of Inhalable Particles from Coal Combustion.

Particle pollution has been a research topic attracting the attention of the researchers around the world because inhalable particles are hazardous to humans and the environment. The major resource of particle pollution is the combustion of coal and biomass. Dust collectors, electrostatic precipitators, and bag filters are required to remove particles from flue.