Electroconductive Antibacterial Bioinks Enable Electrical Stimulation Enhancement of Proliferation and Elongation of Human Skin Fibroblasts.

The limited electrical conductivity and poor antibacterial performance of many existing bioinks hinder their effectiveness in wound healing applications, where mimicking the native electrical properties of skin and preventing infection are critical. In this study, we developed multifunctional electroconductive and antibacterial bioinks designed to work synergistically with electrical stimulation (ES) therapy to overcome these limitations. These new bioinks are formulated by integrating the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) into a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and alginate (ALG) biopolymer matrix, followed by ionic cross-linking using Ga ions.

Effects of influenza A infection on liberation of bacteria from biofilms and inflammatory response in an model of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent and life-altering disease characterized by the persistent inflammation of the sinuses lasting longer than 3 months. (PA) is a prominent biofilm-forming bacterium that colonizes the sinuses of up to 9% of CRS patients. PA in biofilm exhibits a great resistance to antibiotics and has proven difficult to remove from the sinus mucosa of CRS patients.

A φSa3int (NM3) Prophage Domestication in Leads to Increased Virulence Through Human Immune Evasion.

with varying virulence is often isolated from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and impacts disease severity. Prophage-mediated virulence, particularly encoded by φSa3int (NM3) prophages, which often encodes human immune-evasion cluster genes is well known, but how a new prophage domestication impacts overall expression of core bacterial genes, and the expression of resident prophages is understudied. To understand this, we transduced a φSa3int prophage recovered from hyper-biofilm forming mucoid (SA333) into a high-biofilm forming non-mucoid (SA222) recovered from same CRS patient but at different time points.

An immunocompetent rat model of Mycobacterium abscessus multinodular granulomatous lung infection.

Animal models that can mimic progressive granulomatous pulmonary disease (PD) due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have not been established in rats to date. These models could assist with the study of the pathophysiology of NTM-PD as well as the preclinical development of new therapies. In the present study, an immunocompetent rat model of progressive Mycobacterium abscessus (MABs)- PD was developed using MABs originating from a patient with cystic fibrosis.

Promoting the Efficacy of Deferiprone-Gallium-Protoporphyrin (IX) against Intracellular Infection with Lipid Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are among the recalcitrant bacterial strains that cause difficult-to-treat infections for patients with chronic underlying pulmonary conditions. The bacteria's intrinsic resistance to various antibiotics and their ability to infect macrophages enable them to overcome both the host immune response and standard antibiotics. Unconventional approaches to treating NTM-mediated infections are required.

Evaluation of mucosal barrier disruption due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus epidermidis exoproteins in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammatory condition of the sinus mucosa. While Staphylococcus aureus has been shown to play a significant role in mucosal barrier disruption in CRS patients, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are also implicated in CRS pathophysiology. This study investigates the effects of exoproteins secreted by planktonic and biofilm forms of clinical isolates of S.

Development of novel iron(III) crosslinked bioinks comprising carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and hyaluronic acid for soft tissue engineering applications.

The advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers a feasible approach to construct complex structures for soft tissue regeneration. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been emerging as a very promising biomaterial for 3D bioprinting. However, due to the inability to maintain the post-printed stability, CMC needs to be physically blended and/or chemically crosslinked with other polymers.

Increased antibiotic resistance of isolates from chronic rhinosinusitis patients grown in anaerobic conditions.

Introduction: In chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the congestion and blockage of the nose can cause anaerobic conditions within the sinus cavities which may promote the expression of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in invading pathogens. is a facultative anaerobic bacteria and causes severe recalcitrant CRS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of isolates of CRS patients in planktonic and biofilm form grown in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

S. aureus biofilm properties correlate with immune B cell subset frequencies and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Staphylococcus aureus mucosal biofilms are associated with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, S. aureus colonisation of sinus mucosa is frequent in the absence of mucosal inflammation.

Hydrocortisone metabolism by Staphylococcus: Effects on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action.

Hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate (HCHS) influenced the growth and metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus metabolic activity was high and antibiotic susceptibility low at 1.4 mg/mL HCHS S.

Proteomic characterisation of perhexiline treatment on THP-1 M1 macrophage differentiation.

Background: Dysregulated inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity. Macrophage activation and polarisation are commonly involved in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of inflammation. Perhexiline (PHX), an antianginal drug, has been suggested to modulate macrophage function, but the molecular effects of PHX on macrophages are unknown.

Colloidal silver against macrophage infections and biofilms of atypical mycobacteria.

Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) caused by atypical mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAIC) have increased in recent years. Current therapeutic options are limited, and hence new and better therapies are urgently required. Colloidal Silver (CS) has been identified for its widespread antibacterial properties and silver-impregnated dressings have been used for SSTIs caused by various pathogens.

Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Biofilm and Secreted Products, Inflammatory Responses, and Disease Severity.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses associated with tissue remodelling, dysfunction of the sinuses' natural defence mechanisms, and induction of different inflammatory clusters. The etiopathogenesis of CRS remains elusive, and both environmental factors, such as bacterial biofilms and the host's general condition, are thought to play a role. Bacterial biofilms have significant clinical relevance due to their potential to cause resistance to antimicrobial therapy and host defenses.

Characterization of human nasal organoids from chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

Patient-derived organoids grown in three-dimensional cultures provide an excellent platform for phenotypic high-throughput screening and drug-response research. Organoid technology has been applied to study stem cell biology and various human pathologies. This study investigates the characteristics and cellular morphology of organoids derived from primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients.

TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses.

The respiratory tract is constantly at risk of invasion by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In particular, the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is at the very forefront of the battles between the host and the invading pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the epithelium not only constitutes a physical barrier but also takes an essential role in the activation of the immune system.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of probiotic properties of Corynebacterium accolens isolated from the human nasal cavity.

Corynebacterium accolens strains are increasingly recognized as beneficial bacteria that can confer a health benefit on the host. In the current study, the probiotic potential of three C. accolens strains, C779, C781 and C787 derived from a healthy human nasal cavity were investigated.

Trimellitic anhydride facilitates transepithelial permeability disrupting tight junctions in sinonasal epithelial cells.

Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is a chemical agent classified as a low molecular weight (LMW) agent causing occupational rhinitis (OR) or asthma. Although TMA is recognized as a respiratory sensitizer, the direct and non-immunologic effects of TMA remain unclear. Air- liquid interface (ALI) cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) derived from control subjects were treated with TMA, followed by measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and immunofluorescence of tight junction proteins claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1).

Converging 2D Nanomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Technology: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Potential Outlook in Biomedical Applications.

The development of next-generation of bioinks aims to fabricate anatomical size 3D scaffold with high printability and biocompatibility. Along with the progress in 3D bioprinting, 2D nanomaterials (2D NMs) prove to be emerging frontiers in the development of advanced materials owing to their extraordinary properties. Harnessing the properties of 2D NMs in 3D bioprinting technologies can revolutionize the development of bioinks by endowing new functionalities to the current bioinks.

Cytokine-Induced Modulation of SARS-CoV2 Receptor Expression in Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells.

: Viral entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) via the spike protein enables endocytosis into host cells using the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2. The frequent upper respiratory tract symptoms of COVID-19 and the localization of the virus to the nasopharynx, the most common site of swabbing, indicate that the sinonasal mucosa may play an important role in SARS-CoV2 infection and viral replication. This paper investigates the presence of ACE2 receptor and TMPRESS2 expression in the primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from the following: chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and control (non-CRS) patients, and maps the expression changes when exposed to Th1, Th2, Th17-associated cytokines.

Association between mucosal barrier disruption by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproteins and asthma in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic respiratory condition, frequently associated with asthma and affecting the majority of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and biofilms have been implicated in recalcitrant CRS. One of the mechanisms of action for bacteria in CRS and CF is mucosal barrier disruption by secreted products that contribute to the inflammation.

Fluticasone Propionate Suppresses Poly(I:C)-Induced ACE2 in Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells.

Background: From the first detection in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infections have spread rapidly worldwide and have been proven to cause an urgent and important health problem. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on two proteins present on the surface of host cells, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). The nasal cavity is thought to be one of the initial sites of infection and a possible reservoir for dissemination within and between individuals.

3D bioprinting of a cell-laden antibacterial polysaccharide hydrogel composite.

Bioink with inherent antibacterial activity is of particular interest for tissue engineering application due to the growing number of bacterial infections associated with impaired wound healing or bone implants. However, the development of cell-laden bioink with potent antibacterial activity while supporting tissue regeneration proved to be challenging. Here, we introduced a cell-laden antibacterial bioink based on Methylcellulose/Alginate (MC/Alg) hydrogel for skin tissue engineering via elimination of the risks associated with a bacterial infection.