Impact of Timing During Simulated Vitreoretinal Surgery by Trainees.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impact of surgical timing on the performance of vitreoretinal (VR) trainees in a simulated setting.

Methods: In a prospective cross-over observational study, VR trainees were asked to perform various surgical tasks on the Eyesi surgical simulator. These included navigation and anti-tremor, pars plana vitrectomy and posterior vitreous detachment, bimanual training, bimanual scissors use, and epiretinal membrane peeling.

Assessing the Role of Statins as an Adjunctive Anti-VEGF Therapy for Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of statin therapy as an adjunctive treatment to anti-VEGF therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and clinically significant macular edema (CSME).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective, randomized interventional study, patients were randomized into two groups: Group A received low-dose atorvastatin (10-20 mg), and Group B received high-dose atorvastatin (30-40 mg). All participants also received three loading doses of intravitreal ranibizumab (0.

A decade-long review: insights into diagnosis and disease evolution of uveitis from a single-center study.

Purpose: To analyse the evolution of uveitis diagnosis over a 10-year period, emphasizing the change in etiological diagnosis, and the factors associated with recurrences.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: A total of 15,000 patients with uveitis presented at our tertiary care institute in North India between 1992 and 2023.

Ophthalmologic profile of patients with systemic sclerosis.

Purpose: To study the ophthalmologic manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and its correlation with autoantibody profile.

Methods: A cross-sectional study on 200 eyes of 100 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with SSc was performed at a tertiary care center in Northern India. The examination of ocular adnexa, anterior segment, and posterior segment with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's II test, and choroidal thickness measurement by swept-source ocular coherence tomography was done.

Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India.

Purpose: To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs.

Methods: Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs.

Predicting visual outcomes following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To assess the utility of pre-defined imaging biomarkers on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in determining visual and anatomical outcomes.

Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized, and interventional study, 17 patients with treatment-naive DME were included. OCT biomarkers [size/reflectivity of cysts, disorganization of retinal inner layers, integrity of ellipsoid zone or external limiting membrane, subfoveal serous retinal detachment, hyper-reflective foci (HRF)] and OCTA [vascular density (VD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and total micro-aneurysms in superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus (DCP)] were analyzed at baseline and after three monthly intravitreal anti-VEGF injections.

Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Neglected Diseases.

A group of self-limiting and frequently neglected diseases exist in the literature like Rickettsial disease, Malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, West Nile virus infection, Rift Valley fever, Bartonellosis, or Lyme disease which are poorly understood due to lack of proper diagnostic testing. Currently, multimodal imaging has become a critical modality in the diagnosis and management of ocular diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one such remarkable imaging modality in the field of ophthalmology providing high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina and choroid with the recent advances such as enhanced depth imaging and swept source OCT.

Retrolental Bullous Retinal Detachment as the Presenting Feature of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease in an Elderly Indian Female: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge.

Purpose: To report an atypical case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease with retrolental bullous retinal detachment (RD).

Methods: A case report.

Case: A 67-year-old Indian woman with bilateral, gradual visual loss presented with both eyes light perception, keratic precipitates, 2+ cells and bullous RD, which was retrolental in right eye (RE).

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Uveitis.

Purpose: To describe the pathogenesis and the general immune mechanisms of the most frequent causes of bacterial uveitis.

Methodology: Narrative review.

Results: Both extra- and intracellular bacteria can induce uveitis, whereas intracellular bacteria are generally transported into the inner eye via cells of the innate immune system, mainly macrophages.

Tubercular serpiginous choroiditis.

Tubercular association with serpiginous choroiditis, also called 'serpiginous-like choroiditis' or 'multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis' (MSC) is reported from world over, especially from endemic countries. Though the exact mechanism is not yet clear, a direct or indirect infectious trigger by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is believed to cause choroiditis.The link of immune mechanisms with ocular inflammation caused by MTB is emerging, and has been supported by both experimental and human data.

Morphological characterization of subretinal hyper-reflective material in posterior uveitis using swept-source optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To analyze the structural features of subretinal hyper-reflective material (SHRM) in posterior uveitis using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods: In this observational study, subjects with quiescent posterior uveitis and the presence of SHRM on SS-OCT were subjected to SS-OCTA to identify the presence of an intrinsic choroidal neovascular (CNV) network. OCT features were compared for SHRM harboring CNV (vascular SHRM) with those without CNV network (avascular SHRM) to identify clinical signs pointing toward the presence of CNVM inside SHRM.

MULTICOLOR CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE IMAGING IN POSTERIOR UVEITIS.

Purpose: To study the utility of MultiColor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope imaging (MCI) in identifying the morphology of uveitic lesions compared with conventional color fundus photography (CFP) in patients with posterior uveitis.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, subjects with posterior uveitis underwent MCI and CFP. The images obtained by the two modalities were analyzed by two independent reviewers for vitreoretinal surface abnormalities, retinal fluid and hemorrhages, and depth/location of lesions.

Redrawing vitreoretinal surgical training program in the COVID-19 era: Experiences of a tertiary care institute in North India.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought medical and surgical training to a standstill across the medical sub-specialties. Closure of outpatient services and postponement of elective surgical procedures have dried up opportunities for training vitreoretinal trainees across the country. This "loss" has adversely impacted trainees' morale and mental health, leading to feelings of uncertainty and anxiety.

Automated lesion segmentation and quantification for prediction of paradoxical worsening in patients with tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis.

To develop and evaluate a fully automated pipeline that analyzes color fundus images in patients with tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (TB SLC) for prediction of paradoxical worsening (PW). In this retrospective study, patients with TB SLC with a follow-up of 9 months after initiation of anti-tubercular therapy were included. A fully automated custom-designed pipeline was developed which was initially tested using 12 baseline color fundus photographs for assessment of repeatability.

Recurrence of tubercular choroiditis following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Purpose: To report recurrence of tubercular choroiditis following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in two patients with quiescent disease activity for more than a year.

Methods: Retrospective observational case reports.

Results: Two patients (one female and one male) under follow-up for posterior uveitis having stable course with absence of ocular inflammation for more than a year presented with recurrence of choroiditis lesions 2-6 weeks following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

The use of optical coherence tomography angiography in comparing choriocapillaris recovery between two treatment strategies for multifocal choroiditis: a pilot clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare differences in choriocapillaris flow deficit (CC FD) in multifocal choroiditis (MFC) between two treatment arms using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, patients were randomized to either Group 1 which received standard tapering dose of oral corticosteroids, or Group 2 which received additional dexamethasone implant (or intravitreal methotrexate). The patients were followed-up until 12 weeks using OCTA and other imaging tools.

Optical Coherence Tomography Findings of Underlying Choroidal Neovascularization in Punctate Inner Choroidopathy.

To analyze findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) suggestive of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in lesions of punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC). In this multi-center retrospective study, clinical data of patients with PIC were retrospectively analyzed. Quantitative data (height, width, and volume of PIC lesions), and qualitative data (disruption of ellipsoid zone (EZ)/Bruch's membrane (BM), outer retinal fuzziness, and choroidal back-shadowing) were compared between CNV+ and CNV- groups using Mann-Whitney -test and Fischer's exact test.