Clinical features and outcomes of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments in Acute Retinal Necrosis.

Purpose: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) are the most common and sight-threatening complication of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and factors influencing RRD outcomes in ARN patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of ARN and ARN-related RRD cases diagnosed between 2014 and 2023 at a tertiary eye institute in South India was conducted.

Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis (PORT).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective, observational, descriptive analysis of PORT lesions presenting as satellite lesions of typical full-thickness necrotizing Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (TRC) or isolated lesions in immunocompetent cases.

Results: We analyzed 34 eyes of 34 cases (22 males and 12 females).

Subconjunctival Adalimumab for Noninfectious Uveitis: A Prospective Pilot Study.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of low-dose subconjunctival adalimumab in patients with non-infectious uveitis (NIU), refractory to conventional immunomodulatory therapy (IMT).

Methods: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Five patients with bilateral panuveitis (four post-therapeutic vitrectomy) and persistent intraocular inflammation on conventional IMT for > 2 years received three doses of subconjunctival adalimumab 5 mg/0.

Antigen-specific polyfunctional cytotoxic T cells differentiate intraocular from peripheral blood immune responses in posterior uveitis.

Objectives: Peripheral blood is frequently used to study the immune response in human uveitis because of the inaccessibility of ocular tissue samples. To determine whether peripheral blood immune cells accurately reflect the intraocular immune response, we compared the T-cell profiles and antigen-specific cytokine responses between paired vitreous and peripheral blood samples from patients with sight-threatening posterior uveitis.

Methods: We collected paired vitreous and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 24 patients with posterior uveitis.

Protocol for isolating and characterizing human vitreous immune cell infiltrates by flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptomic studies.

Vitreous infiltrating immune cells represent an accessible tissue sample that can provide valuable information on the intraocular immune response without compromising the structural and functional integrity of the eye. Here, we present our customized protocol for isolating and characterizing vitreous immune cell infiltrates by flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptomics. The protocol includes surgical modifications for sample collection and other measures to maximize the yield of immune cells from human vitreous samples.

Tubercular Retinitis and Retinal Vasculitis: Manifestations of a Shared Disease Spectrum.

Isolated retinal involvement in ocular tuberculosis (TB) is not well understood and remains largely underreported. TB retinal lesions can be classified into two broad categories: retinal vasculitis and isolated retinal granuloma. TB retinal vasculitis is the more recognized phenotype and may present with perivascular infiltrates alone or alongside other ocular signs such as subvascular lesions, focal vascular tortuosity, and occlusive vasculitis.

Posterior Hyaloid Adhesion as an Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarker of Active Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis.

Purpose: To explore the utility of Posterior Hyaloid Adhesions (PHA) as an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) biomarker of toxoplasma retinochoroiditi.

Methods: A retrospective review of OCT scans of infective retinitis cases to evaluate the presence of PHA at the time of presentation.

Results: Ninety-seven eyes of active toxoplasma retinochoroiditis and 125 eyes of retinitis of other etiologies were included.

Bilateral Sequential Ocular Vascular Occlusions With Subsequent Unilateral Acute Retinal Necrosis in a Patient With HIV Infection.

To report a case of bilateral ocular vascular occlusion with subsequent development of unilateral acute retinal necrosis in a patient with HIV infection. A single case was evaluated. A 40-year-old woman presented with a sudden decrease in vision in the right eye for a 1-month duration.

A COMBINATION REGIMEN OF INTRAVITREAL CLINDAMYCIN WITH DEXAMETHASONE, SYSTEMIC CO-TRIMOXAZOLE AND STEROIDS FOR MACULAR TOXOPLASMA RETINOCHOROIDITIS IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT CASES.

Purpose: To study the role of intravitreal clindamycin with dexamethasone as an adjuvant to systemic co-trimoxazole and steroids in macular Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis.

Methods: Retrospective study of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis cases from January 2014 to December 2021 treated with a combination of oral and intravitreal therapy in immunocompetent patients.

Results: Thirty-nine eyes of 39 patients were included in this study after meeting the inclusion criteria with the mean age of presentation being 25.

Clinical features and management of eyes with acute retinal necrosis presenting with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To study clinical features, anatomical and visual outcomes in eyes having rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) as the presenting feature of acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with ARN (active/healed) and concomitant RD at the presenting visit.

Results: The median age of patients was 36 years, with a male preponderance (9:1).

Effect of Therapeutic Pars Plana Vitrectomy on Total Immunosuppression Load in Patients with Non-Infectious Uveitis.

Purpose: The anti-inflammatory effect of therapeutic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the management of posterior segment uveitis is incompletely quantified. In this study, we evaluated the change in total immunosuppression load (TIL) following PPV for the eyes of patients with non-infectious uveitis.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with non-infectious posterior segment uveitis on continuous anti-inflammatory therapy (systemic corticosteroids ± immunomodulatory therapy [IMT]) ±3 months, who received therapeutic PPV for non-resolving inflammation.

Ultrastructural polymicrobial interactions and antimicrobial resistance in cornea model.

To investigate antagonistic interactions among pathogens, in donor corneas infected with monomicrobial or polymicrobial combinations of antibiotic susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of (MSSA, MRSA) and (S-PA, MDR-PA). Scanning electron microscopy and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST, broth microdilution for minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations [MIC/MBC]) pre-and post-polymicrobial interactions, in infected donor corneas. MSSA lost viability with S-PA/MDR-PA, while MRSA formed larger cells, biofilm and lower MIC (teicoplanin) with S-PA, but lost viability with MDR-PA.

Visual Impairment at Presentation in Pediatric Uveitis: A Multicentric Study in 477 Children Across Southern and Eastern India.

Objective: To evaluate visual impairment (VI) at presentation in pediatric uveitis cases in southern and eastern India.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 477 children across four tertiary centers (2015-2020). Best-documented visual acuity (ETDRS letters) in the better eye was used to categorize VI.

Systemic and ocular outcomes in TB-immunoreactive patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy for non-infectious uveitis: a case-control study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB)-immunoreactivity, measured in vivo (tuberculin skin test (TST)) or in vitro (interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)), can be found in latent, active or even following clearance of TB infection. In this case-control study, we compared the systemic and ocular outcomes between patients with or without TB-immunoreactivity, who received immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for non-infectious uveitis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with (cases) or without (controls) TB-immunoreactivity (TST±IGRA), who received conventional IMT for ≥6 months, for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis.

Asymptomatic Ophthalmomyiasis Interna Posterior with Central Pigment Accumulation in the Inner Retina.

Purpose: To report a case of ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior which was asymptomatic and had pigment clumps in the inner retina at the macula.

Methods: Single-centre, observational, retrospective case report.

Results: A routine refractive error check-up for an asymptomatic 52-year-old Asian Indian woman, who had relied on glasses for 8 years, unfolded a captivating narrative within her retina.

Anterior Non-Necrotizing Scleritis with Active Uveitis in Cases of Ocular Syphilis.

Purpose: To study clinical characteristics and management outcomes of cases of ocular syphilis co-presenting with scleritis and active uveitis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed with ocular syphilis between January 2020 and December 2023 was conducted at a tertiary eye care centre. Clinical records, investigations, and outcomes were reviewed to identify cases with scleritis with active uveitis.

Intraocular Immune Response in Human Uveitis: Time to Look Beyond Animal Models.

Purpose: To review the current and future approaches to investigating the intraocular immune response in human uveitis.

Design: Perspective.

Methods: Review of currently available methods for investigating the immune response in ocular tissues and fluids in patients with intraocular inflammation/ uveitis.

Macular Punctate Lesions Presenting as a Primary Manifestation of Ocular Toxoplasmosis.

Purpose: To study clinical features and outcomes of primary ocular Toxoplasmosis (OT) cases presenting as macular punctate lesions.

Methods: Retrospective review of three cases of OT with positive Toxoplasma serology.

Results: We describe three cases presenting as primary OT with no evidence of old retinochoroidal scar in either eye.

Role of IgG avidity in eyes with active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis.

Purpose: To study the role of Toxoplasma IgG avidity in evaluating the stage of systemic infection during manifestation as toxoplasma retinochoroiditis and its clinical implications in eastern India.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis cases with Toxoplasma serology for IgG, IgM, and IgG avidity.

Results: Included in this study were 17 eyes of 17 patients who had active retinitis located in the macula (14), mid-periphery (2), or periphery (1).

Clinico-Microbiological Correlation in Endophthalmitis: Case Series and Review of Literature.

Purpose: To report two rare cases of endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompromised premature baby and an immunocompetent adult and do a brief literature review of related cases. Diagnosis in both cases was confirmed only after the pathogen grew from ocular samples, in the absence of clear signs of enteric fever.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical and microbiology records.

VKH disease in the elderly: Variations in clinical course as compared to VKH disease in adults.

Purpose: To describe disease characteristics and outcomes of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in elderly patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients older than 50 years with VKH disease at two referral centers in India. Demographics, extraocular and ocular involvement, treatment, complications, and visual acuity outcomes were noted.

Tubercular Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis in Patients with Negative TB-Immunoreactivity Tests.

Background: Serpiginous-like choroiditis (SLC) denotes ocular tuberculosis (TB), in the presence of positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA).

Methods: Retrospective review of SLC patients from a TB-endemic country, with negative TST and IGRA tests, but responsive to anti-TB therapy.

Results: Fifteen patients (13 bilateral) with active SLC  were included.