Acute fungal post-cataract endophthalmitis in the endophthalmitis management study: EMS report 7.

Aim: Investigate and characterise acute post-cataract fungal endophthalmitis pooled from the Endophthalmitis Management Study occurring within 6 weeks of primary surgery.

Methods: The fungal infection was confirmed through conventional and molecular microbiology work-ups and antifungal susceptibility testing. Clinical examination included measurement of distant vision and intraocular pressure, anterior segment photo documentation and inflammation score (IS) measurement.

Controversies, Consensuses, and Guidelines on Preventing, Diagnosing and Managing Acute-onset Bacterial Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery by the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), and the Asia-Pacific Society of Ocular Inflammation and Infection (APSOII).

Post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis is a serious but largely preventable clinical entity. The implementation of uniform pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative protocols is essential to reduce its incidence. In light of emerging evidence and considerable variability in clinical practices, a panel of international experts from the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), and the Asia-Pacific Society of Ocular Inflammation and Infection (APSOII) convened to develop evidence-based guidelines addressing all phases of cataract surgery.

Albumin as a natural and moldable biomaterial for biomimetic drug delivery applications.

Natural materials such as polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins have been widely explored for their potential as nanomaterials in advanced drug delivery systems (ADDS), aiming to develop personalized biomimetic delivery platforms. Among these, albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, has garnered significant attention for its use in nanoparticle-based-drug delivery systems. This review focuses on the evolution of albumin from a key physiological biomolecule to a sustainable, green biomaterial with therapeutic and bioengineering applications.

PEGylated MXene@AgNP nanocomposite for targeted release of docetaxel to breast carcinoma.

Aim: MXene pertains to the family of two-dimensional materials with excellent surface area, biocompatibility, and many possibilities for surface functionalization. Owing to this, a multifunctional MXene nanocomposite was developed for targeted drug delivery at tumor site as current treatment regimens show increased adverse effects and limited selectivity.

Method: MAX phase titanium aluminum carbide (TiAlC) was synthesized, which serves as the precursor for the production of TiCT MXene.

Non-surgical Management of Inflammatory Anterior Chamber Hypopyon Post Vitreoretinal Surgery for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

We report two unusual cases of inflammatory anterior chamber hypopyon post vitreoretinal surgery for vitreous hemorrhage secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Two out of eight patients operated for proliferative diabetic retinopathy developed hypopyon in the anterior chamber one week post-operative. Case number 2 also had an exudative plaque on the iris and a pupillary membrane.

Pharmacy faculty and students perceptions of artificial intelligence: A National Survey.

Introduction: This study explores the perceptions, familiarity, and utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) among pharmacy faculty and students across the United States. By identifying key gaps in AI education and training, it highlights the need for structured curricular integration to prepare future pharmacists for an evolving digital healthcare landscape.

Methods: A 19-item Qualtrics™ survey was created to assess perceptions of AI use among pharmacy faculty and students and distributed utilizing publicly available contacts at schools of pharmacy and intern lists.

Cellulosimicrobium spp. - A novel cause of endogenous endophthalmitis diagnosed on DNA sequencing.

Purpose: To report two cases of Cellulosimicrobium. spp - A novel cause of endogenous endophthalmitis diagnosed on DNA sequencing.

Methods: Our non-comparative retrospective descriptive case series included two clinically diagnosed cases of endogenous endophthalmitis.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Hemostasis With Fibrin Glue During Surgery for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of fibrin glue in preventing early recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage following surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Design: Single-masked randomized controlled clinical trial.

Subjects: Consecutive patients with vitreous hemorrhage due to PDR undergoing primary vitreoretinal surgery were screened.

Vitreomacular traction - a review.

Vitreomacular traction (VMT) is characterised by abnormal adhesion of the posterior cortical vitreous with the macula causing distortion of the foveal contour and associated with symptoms of reduction in visual acuity and/or metamorphopsia. This review article explores the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic and treatment options for VMT. Advances in imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) have revolutionized the understanding of the vitreoretinal interface abnormalities and helps in monitoring the disease progression.

Vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy: A review of indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most severe forms of retinopathy and a leading cause of blindness all over the world. Of a greater concern is proliferative diabetic retinopathy which leads to vitreous haemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment in such cases. A majority of these cases require a surgical intervention to improve vision and prevent further vision loss.

Therapeutic approach of carbon nanotube: Revolutionize nanomaterial in biomedical and pharmaceutical sector.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with a wide range of potential applications due to their unique structural, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, numerous obstacles must be overcome for CNTs to be used successfully, including low solubility, aggregation, and a lack of specialized functions. Diverse techniques have been developed for the manufacture, purification, and functionalization of CNTs in order to overcome these issues.

Surgeon's perceptions and preferences in the management of idiopathic macular hole.

Purpose: The management of idiopathic macular holes (iMH) has evolved over time with various modifications in surgical approach. The study aimed to survey the surgeons' preferences in the management of iMH in current times.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive survey.

Pharmacists' perceptions of artificial intelligence: A national survey.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing and evolving field impacting pharmacy research, education, and professional practice. The development and adaptation of AI technologies have the potential to radically shape the future of the pharmacy profession. However, it remains unclear how aware pharmacists are of these technologies or their perceptions regarding current and future utilization.

Antifungal resistance, clinical outcome and clinico-microbiological correlation in ocular infections due to common melanized fungi and in South India.

Melanized fungi were rarely studied for their antifungal resistance (AFR) or clinical outcome, despite rising incidence of melanized fungal ocular infections and AFR in general. We report the antifungal resistance patterns, clinical outcome and clinico-microbiological correlation in two commonly isolated melanized fungi from ocular infections, and , at a tertiary eyecare centre in South India..

Chandelier-assisted bimanual technique for securing infusion in eyes with hazy media.

Purpose: Hazy media with resultant difficulties in visualisation hamper the surgical approach and outcomes in various vitreoretinal surgical scenarios, including eyes with keratoprosthesis in situ. We propose a novel chandelier-assisted bimanual infusion using a flute needle to overcome the inability to secure infusion safely in such eyes.

Methods: The surgical technique was performed with the assistance of chandelier illumination.

Age-Associated Alterations in the Metabolome of Human Vitreous in Bacterial Endophthalmitis.

Purpose: Endophthalmitis is a severe inflammatory condition due to intraocular infections that often leads to irreversible blindness. This study aimed to understand the age-dependent metabolic alterations in the vitreous of patients with bacterial endophthalmitis.

Methods: The study included the vitreous metabolome of patients with bacterial endophthalmitis (group 1, n = 15) and uninfected controls (group 2, n = 14), which were further stratified into three groups according to their age: young (0-30 years), middle (31-60 years), and elderly (>60 years).

Design and Validation of Endophthalmitis Infectivity Measurement Algorithm in Post Cataract Acute Endophthalmitis: EMS Report No. 6.

Purpose: We constructed a clinical clue-based algorithm to identify the microbiology-positive post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis.

Methods: The Endophthalmitis Infectivity Measurement Algorithm (EIMA) was constructed using presenting Snellen vision (Letter score [LS]) and Inflammation Score (IS, from the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, and vitreous). Retrospective data (70% for training; 30% for testing) was fitted into CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection).

Vitreous substitutes and tamponades - A review of types, applications, and future directions.

Vitreous substitutes and tamponades occupy the vitreous cavity following vitrectomy in the management of various conditions such as retinal detachment, macular hole, and diabetic retinopathy. Such replacements can be for the short term (gases such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and perfluoropropane (C3F8) or long term (such as silicone oils). Certain substitutes such as perfluorocarbon liquids are used only transiently during surgery as "a third hand" or rarely till a few days post surgery.