Financial vulnerability of the elderly population undergoing cataract surgery within a distributed eye care delivery system in India (2011-2022): a multicentre, retrospective cohort study.

Background: The health burden of geriatric eye care is expected to rise, yet medical insurance uptake among the elderly population remains low. There is minimal evidence regarding insurance uptake for eye care among the elderly population in the Southeast Asia region. We explored insurance uptake and its impact on visual outcomes among the elderly population who visited an eye care system distributed across four Indian states.

Assessment of Relationship between Neovascularization Type Using Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Introduction: Retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) presents with varying morphology and clinical implications. This study aims to classify retinal neovascularization into subtypes and assess their correlation with ischemic index using widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 50 treatment-naïve patients (84 eyes) with PDR who underwent baseline widefield fundus photography (CLARUS 500™) and widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA; Plex Elite 9000) between January 2022 and June 2024.

Tapetal-like reflex in X-linked RPGR-associated retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical, imaging, electrophysiological, and genetic characteristics of male patients with -associated retinopathy exhibiting tapetal-like reflex (TLR) versus those without (non-TLR).

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 9 Indian males from 7 unrelated families with genetically confirmed pathogenic variants. Patients were divided into TLR (=6) and non-TLR (=3) groups based on fundus appearance.

Bilateral Giant Choroidal Cavern in a Case of Rod-Cone Dystrophy: A Rare Presentation.

This report presents a case of a 22-year-old woman with bilateral giant choroidal caverns (CCs) in rod-cone dystrophy. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/80 in the right eye and 20/50 in the left eye. Fundus examination showed optic nerve pallor, narrowed blood vessels, and diffuse pigmentary changes.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Hemostasis With Fibrin Glue During Surgery for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of fibrin glue in preventing early recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage following surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Design: Single-masked randomized controlled clinical trial.

Subjects: Consecutive patients with vitreous hemorrhage due to PDR undergoing primary vitreoretinal surgery were screened.

Leber congenital amaurosis: A clinical and genetic study from a tertiary eye care center.

Purpose: To assess the clinical phenotypes and genetic mutations in patients with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) from a tertiary eye care center in India.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Methods: The study includes patients with a clinical diagnosis of LCA who underwent genetic testing from January 2016 to December 2021.

Profile and outcomes of retinal artery occlusion: The underrealized need to expedite presentation.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical profile of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and impact of presentation on visual outcomes.

Design: A retrospective analysis of case files of 3070 patients with RAO was performed using electronic medical records.

Methods: Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Widefield Retinal Imaging in Gyrate Atrophy: Correlation of Structural, Biochemical, and Functional Characteristics.

Objective: To profile a cohort of gyrate atrophy patients classified by widefield retinal imaging and correlate the structural, biochemical, and functional characteristics.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Participants: Sixty-five patients (129 eyes) with gyrate atrophy.

Gut and intraocular fluid dysbiosis in people with type 2 diabetes-related retinopathy in India: A case for further research.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between gut microbiome, gut mycobiome, and intraocular (aqueous humor) microbiome dysbiosis in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design: Multiple case-control studies.

Methods: We evaluated three groups of people: healthy controls (HC), people with T2DM without retinopathy, and those with DR.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome with chorioretinal coloboma: a case series and review of literature.

Introduction: Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy causing developmental defects and progressive retinal dystrophy, whereas choroidal coloboma is a developmental defect causing structural deficiency in the posterior retina. Both are rarely reported together.

Methods: Here, we describe the phenotype and genotype of three unrelated patients with co-occurrence of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome and chorioretinal coloboma and review the pertinent literature.

Glue-Assisted Retinopexy for Retinal Detachments Study Report 2: Fibrin Glue As a Surgical Adjunct in Complex Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

To present the successful application of fibrin glue as a surgical adjunct in the management of complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). In this retrospective case series, fibrin glue was used as a surgical adjunct in 5 cases of complex RRD. In each case, standard pars plana vitrectomy and laser retinopexy were performed by the same surgeon.

Health transition and eye care policy planning for people with diabetic retinopathy in south Asia.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), associated systemic disorders, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and current health policies in south Asian countries were analysed to assess country-specific preparedness to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The south Asian countries were classified by human development index, socio-demographic index, multidimensional poverty indices, and eye health resources for epidemiological resource-level analysis. In south Asia, the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed T2D in adults aged 40 years or above, was higher in Pakistan (26.

Metabolic memory and diabetic retinopathy: Legacy of glycemia and possible steps into future.

The response of retinal pathology to interventions in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is often independent of the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values at the point of care. This is despite glucose control being one of the strongest risk factors for the development and progression of DR. Previous preclinical and clinical research has indicated metabolic memory, whereby past cumulative glucose exposure may continue to impact DR for a prolonged period.

Tear Protein Markers for Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema - Towards an Early Diagnosis and Better Prognosis.

Background: Diabetic eye disease is a highly prevalent and sight-threatening disorder. It is a disease of neuro-vascular unit of the retina, if left untreated can cause blindness. Therapeutic approaches followed for its treatment can only restrict the progression of the disease with highly variable results.

Macular Pigment Assessment in Indian Population Using Degree of Polarization Threshold: Impact of Diet on Macular Pigment Density.

Purpose: To determine macular pigment (MP) density scores in healthy Indians and examine correlations with demographic and lifestyle variables.

Methods: We observed 484 Indians without an ocular pathology. Body mass index (BMI) and self-reported lifestyle factors (sunglasses usage, physical activity, and smoking) were noted.

Real-world experience of full-thickness traumatic macular hole among young patients.

Objective: To describe the demographics, clinical, and imaging characteristics, and visual outcomes in young patients with full-thickness traumatic macular hole (TMH).

Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study included patients with full-thickness TMH who presented between August 2010 and June 2021. Demographic data, clinical findings, and imaging characteristics were extracted from an electronic medical record system.

Clinical Profile, Antibiotic Resistance and Outcomes in Bacterial Endophthalmitis: Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Endophthalmitis as Compared to Other Organisms.

Background: To evaluate the clinical profile, outcomes and antibiotic resistance in bacterial endophthalmitis.

Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of a study conducted at a tertiary centre, where 60 consecutive cases of culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis were included prospectively. Group 1 included coagulase-negative Staphylococcus endophthalmitis (CNSE), while group 2 included the remaining cases.

Optical coherence tomography characteristics and factors affecting visual acuity in diabetic papillopathy.

Purpose: To analyse baseline imaging characteristics and factors affecting poor visual acuity in diabetic papillopathy.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study conducted at a tertiary eye care centre in eyes with a diagnosis of diabetic papillopathy. Demographic data including age, gender, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes, HbA1c values and other systemic co-morbidities were recorded.

Hemi-retinal vein occlusion: Characterizing a rare retinal vasculopathy.

Purpose: To characterize hemi-retinal vein occlusion (HRVO) in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network.

Methods: This retrospective, hospital-based study analyzed 2,834,616 new patients between August 2010 and June 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of HRVO in at least one eye were included as cases.

Characterization of retinal hemorrhages delimited by the internal limiting membrane.

Clinically, hemorrhages at the vitreoretinal interface have been termed as 'pre-retinal' in location. However, there is a careful distinction to be made between sub-hyaloid and sub-internal limiting membrane (ILM) planes of blood collection. In the past half-century, a body of literature has accrued on sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage.

Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinal Diseases: From Laboratory Bench to Patient Bedside and Beyond.

This comprehensive review provides a thorough examination of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), encompassing their classification, genetic underpinnings, and the promising landscape of gene therapy trials. IRDs, a diverse group of genetic conditions causing vision loss through photoreceptor cell death, are explored through various angles, including inheritance patterns, gene involvement, and associated systemic disorders. The focal point is gene therapy, which offers hope for halting or even reversing the progression of IRDs.

Central retinal artery occlusion following pediatric blunt ocular trauma.

Background: To analyze the clinical profile, presentation, possible pathophysiology, and outcomes of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) following blunt trauma in pediatric subjects.

Methodology: The medical charts of subjects aged 18 years or less with a diagnosis of CRAO following blunt ocular trauma were analyzed retrospectively for demography, details of the trauma, ocular findings, additional imaging reports if any, and final outcome. A Medline search was done (key words like central retinal artery occlusion, blunt trauma, children, pediatric subjects, and adolescents) to gather information available in the literature on the subject.