Cataract Surgery Outcomes in Patients With Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome.

Purpose: To analyze the outcomes of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS).

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. Patients with ARS who underwent cataract surgery and had a minimum postoperative follow-up of 6 weeks were included.

Surgical Management of Corneal Sequelae of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.

Purpose: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, recurrent, allergic ocular surface disorder affecting children and young adults, particularly in tropical climates. Corneal sequelae such as giant papillae (GP), shield ulcers, limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), and keratoconus (KC) often necessitate surgical intervention when medical therapy is inadequate. This review summarizes the current surgical strategies for managing VKC-related corneal complications and their outcomes.

Endoilluminator-assisted descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (E-DMEK) for enhanced trans-corneal illumination in eyes with chronic pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK).

Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is the most desirable corneal transplant surgery as it is associated with the least chances of failure due to endothelial rejection and has the fastest visual recovery among corneal transplants. This technically challenging surgery involves several critical steps such as graft unfolding, positioning and correct orientation. Severe pre-existing corneal oedema limits visibility and prolongs the surgical duration, adversely affecting the success.

Bilateral topical anaesthetic abuse keratopathy.

A woman in her late 30s presented with severe pain, photophobia and redness in both eyes (BE) for 3 weeks. She was diagnosed and on treatment elsewhere for presumed bilateral herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis, with oral antivirals and topical steroids for 4 months. Examination showed bilateral near-total corneal epithelial defects with hypertrophic edges and diffuse stromal oedema.

Indications for exchange of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens in high myopia.

Purpose: To enumerate and analyze the indications for the exchange of phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) in patients with high myopia.

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical reports of patients who underwent an exchange of posterior chamber pIOL at our institution between 2015 and 2022.

Infectious scleritis: a review of etiologies, clinical features, and management strategies.

Infectious scleritis is a severe and potentially vision-threatening inflammation of the sclera caused by microbial invasion. Unlike autoimmune scleritis, infectious scleritis is less common with a prevalence of 5%-10% of all cases of scleritis. The initial clinical presentation may often resemble autoimmune scleritis, thus resulting in a delayed diagnosis and poorer outcomes.

Outcomes of a Tenon Patch Graft for Corneal Perforations in Resolving Infective Keratitis.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of a Tenon patch graft (TPG) in sealing corneal perforations in cases with resolving infective keratitis.

Methods: This retrospective interventional study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center. All patients who underwent a TPG for corneal perforations because of clinically or/and microbiologically diagnosed infective keratitis between 2021 and 2023 were included.

Review of current methods of preparation and distribution of DMEK graft at the eye banks.

The scope of eye banking activities has been expanding with the advances and techniques of keratoplasty. With the popularity of descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in the recent decade, there is a need to adopt the preparation of DMEK tissues in the eye banks. This necessitated surgical training of the eye bank technicians, development of infrastructure in the eye bank, innovative methods of graft preparation, and delivery for the surgery at distant surgery centers.

Clinical characteristics, risk factor analysis and outcomes in 61 eyes with graft rejection after descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty, with a review of literature.

Purpose: To report the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of graft rejection after DSEK.

Methods: A total of 3073 eyes had DSEK between 2012 and 2019, of which 1710 eyes that had follow up of more than one year. Sixty-one eyes who had graft rejection during this period were studied.

Antifungal resistance, clinical outcome and clinico-microbiological correlation in ocular infections due to common melanized fungi and in South India.

Melanized fungi were rarely studied for their antifungal resistance (AFR) or clinical outcome, despite rising incidence of melanized fungal ocular infections and AFR in general. We report the antifungal resistance patterns, clinical outcome and clinico-microbiological correlation in two commonly isolated melanized fungi from ocular infections, and , at a tertiary eyecare centre in South India..

Effects of pregnancy on the clinical course and treatment outcomes of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Purpose: To describe the clinical course and treatment outcomes of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease during pregnancy.

Methods: This retrospective study compares the clinical course and outcomes in pregnant and nonpregnant women with VKH. All VKH patients who were pregnant at presentation or on follow up and age-matched nonpregnant female controls during the study period (2013-2022) were included.

Visual Impairment at Presentation in Pediatric Uveitis: A Multicentric Study in 477 Children Across Southern and Eastern India.

Objective: To evaluate visual impairment (VI) at presentation in pediatric uveitis cases in southern and eastern India.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 477 children across four tertiary centers (2015-2020). Best-documented visual acuity (ETDRS letters) in the better eye was used to categorize VI.

Glaucoma and refractive surgery: A comprehensive review.

The global surge in refractive surgeries, particularly among myopic individuals, has elicited concerns regarding potential inaccuracies in the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) post surgery, primarily associated with central corneal thinning. The incidence of elevated IOP after intraocular refractive surgeries is higher than expected and is multifactorial. Myopic eyes have a higher susceptibility to both primary and secondary glaucoma.

Clinical profile and outcomes of rejection after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in keratoconus.

Purpose: To report the clinical features and management outcomes of rejection after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Methods: The clinical features, indications, predisposing risk factors, management, and outcome of six eyes of six patients with rejection after DALK were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: The median time of rejection from the day of surgery was 12 (range 3-36) months.

Reverse pupillary block with pigment dispersion and elevated intraocular pressure following bilateral phakic intraocular lens implantation.

The authors describe a case of reverse pupillary block with pigment dispersion following sequential phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation for high myopia, in a young female patient. The intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation began 3 weeks postoperatively, for which Nd-YAG laser peripheral iridotomies (PIs) were attempted elsewhere. Despite maximum medical therapy, the IOP was uncontrolled.

Suppression of Neovascularization by Topical and Subconjunctival Bevacizumab After High-Risk Corneal Transplantation.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of topical and subconjunctival bevacizumab in suppressing vascularization in graft and host bed after high-risk corneal transplantation.

Design: Secondary analysis of prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentric clinical trial.

Participants: The study includes patients aged > 18 years who underwent high-risk penetrating keratoplasty, which was defined as corneal vascularization in ≥ 1 quadrants of the corneal graft and host bed, excluding the limbus.

Microbial keratitis and its management at a rural centre: achieving success with limited resources.

Purpose: Microbial keratitis is a sight-threatening condition with a higher incidence in agrarian populations. In countries with a high indigent population, due to financial and other constraints, patients prefer to seek therapy locally rather than travel to advanced centres. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 60 consecutive patients with microbial keratitis managed at a rural centre.

Current concepts in the management of cataract with keratoconus.

This review analyzed all pertinent articles on keratoconus (KCN) and cataract surgery. It covers preoperative planning, intraoperative considerations, and postoperative management, with the aim of providing a simplified overview of treating such patients. Preoperatively, the use of corneal cross-linking, intrastromal corneal ring segments, and topo-guided corneal treatments can help stabilize the cornea and improve the accuracy of biometric measurements.

Strategies and Application of Compression Sutures With a Modified Technique for Rapid Resolution of Large (Grade III) Hydrops: A Prospective Interventional Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the strategies and outcomes, with a modified technique, of compression sutures in large acute hydrops.

Methods: This was a prospective interventional study in 29 eyes of 28 patients who underwent compression sutures using a modified technique. The degree of resolution after surgical intervention was quantified by 3 masked observers, using the slit-lamp photographic documentation and optical coherence tomography.

Congenital anomalies of lens shape.

The crystalline lens is an important structure in the eye that starts to develop as early as the 22 day of gestation, with further differentiation that continues after the induction. Congenital anomalies of the lens may involve the size, shape, and position of the lens. They may sometimes be associated with anterior segment dysgenesis or persistence of the tunica vasculosa lentis and hyperplastic vitreous and hyaloid system.

VKH disease in the elderly: Variations in clinical course as compared to VKH disease in adults.

Purpose: To describe disease characteristics and outcomes of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in elderly patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients older than 50 years with VKH disease at two referral centers in India. Demographics, extraocular and ocular involvement, treatment, complications, and visual acuity outcomes were noted.