Coloured filters and lenses for reading discomfort and difficulty: an Australian and New Zealand perspective.

Children who struggle with learning to read, and those who experience reading discomfort, are faced with varied and conflicting opinions regarding appropriate interventions. They commonly present to eye care practitioners for an examination and advice, often after a referral from school. Eye care practitioners have a responsibility to understand and to convey the current state of evidence about any proposed treatment plan to affected individuals who find themselves vulnerable due to a lack of expertise.

Ophthalmic, Neurological, Radiological, and Visual Rehabilitation Profile and Outcomes in a Cohort of Patients with Joubert Syndrome.

Objective: To report the ophthalmic, neurological, and radiological profile in a cohort of patients suspected with Joubert syndrome (JS).

Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with or referred as a diagnosed case of JS was conducted. Clinical profile, visual electrophysiology, and rehabilitation, along with radiologic features, were studied.

Leber congenital amaurosis: A clinical and genetic study from a tertiary eye care center.

Purpose: To assess the clinical phenotypes and genetic mutations in patients with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) from a tertiary eye care center in India.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Methods: The study includes patients with a clinical diagnosis of LCA who underwent genetic testing from January 2016 to December 2021.

Topical anesthesia strabismus surgery.

Introduction: Topical anesthesia strabismus surgery is practised in selected surgical situations in the management of adult strabismus. Careful patient selection and patient co-operation throughout the surgery forms the crux of successfully completing the procedure.

Objective: To discuss and identify the scope of topical anesthesia in strabismus surgery based on the current level of evidence.

Diagnostic accuracy of a modularized, virtual-reality-based automated pupillometer for detection of relative afferent pupillary defect in unilateral optic neuropathies.

Purpose: To describe the construction and diagnostic accuracy of a modularized, virtual reality (VR)-based, pupillometer for detecting relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in unilateral optic neuropathies, vis-à-vis, clinical grading by experienced neuro-ophthalmologists.

Methods: Protocols for the swinging flashlight test and pupillary light response analysis used in a previous stand-alone pupillometer was integrated into the hardware of a Pico Neo 2 Eye VR headset with built-in eye tracker. Each eye of 77 cases (mean ± 1SD age: 39.

Myopia dominance in preterm infants without and with retinopathy of prematurity: Indian Twin Cities ROP study (ITCROPS) report number 15.

Purpose: To investigate the refractive error profile and progression in infants with different stages of ROP, without ROP, and those who received laser treatment for ROP.

Methods: This retrospective study included the data from 838 infants (baseline mean age 3.7 ± 5.

Fibroblastic tumour in the medial rectus muscle presenting as a large-angle exotropia.

: The aim is to report a very rare case of a fibroblastic tumour in the medial rectus muscle of the right eye in a young adult. : A 28-year-old patient presented to the strabismus clinic with large-angle exotropia in the right eye. The patient had previously undergone strabismus surgery in both eyes, and the old photos showed increasing exotropia from childhood to adulthood.

Ectopia Lentis: Clinical profiles in a large cohort of children from a Tertiary Eye Care network in India.

Purpose: To study the clinical presentations, visual, and refractive profiles of children with congenital ectopia lentis in a large cohort of patients from a tertiary eye care network in India.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical records from December 2012 to December 2020 was conducted. Two hundred and ninety-seven consecutive children ≤18 years of age at presentation were identified and analyzed for demographic details, patient distribution, lens subluxation, visual, and refractive profiles before and after the interventions.

Retinopathy of prematurity in triplets - Indian twin city ROP study report number 12.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) amongst surviving triplets.

Methods: Records of preterm babies born to mothers with triplet pregnancies were retrieved from our Indian twin city ROP study database between 1 Jan 2000 and 31 Dec 2020 and analyzed.

Results: 253 surviving triplet babies born to 108 mothers were evaluated.

Septo-Optic Dysplasia: A Case Series of 33 Patients.

The objective of this study was to record the clinical, neuro-radiological, and systemic features of patients with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD). A retrospective review of patients was conducted to identify patients with features consistent with SOD over a 6-year period, including optic nerve hypoplasia with agenesis of midline structures, along with an absent septum pellucidum and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum. Thirty-three patients were identified.

Congenital anomalies of lens shape.

The crystalline lens is an important structure in the eye that starts to develop as early as the 22 day of gestation, with further differentiation that continues after the induction. Congenital anomalies of the lens may involve the size, shape, and position of the lens. They may sometimes be associated with anterior segment dysgenesis or persistence of the tunica vasculosa lentis and hyperplastic vitreous and hyaloid system.

Double-bellied inferior rectus muscles with aplasia of medial rectus muscles.

This report describes a rare occurrence of double-bellied inferior rectus muscle with aplasia of the medial rectus muscle in both eyes of a young woman seeking cosmetic correction for her strabismus. The patient presented with a large-angle exotropia and a -4 limitation of adduction in each eye. On attempted adduction, there was minimal downshoot and upper eyelid retraction.

Effect of Light Intensity on the Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect in Unilateral Neuro-ophthalmic Pathology.

Significance: Objective pupillometry with standardized light intensities allows a comprehensive assessment of the relative afferent pupillary defect in patients with unilateral neuro-ophthalmic pathology.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the impact of varying light intensities on the grade of relative afferent pupillary defect in unilateral neuro-ophthalmic pathology vis-à-vis healthy controls.

Methods: Monocular pupillary light reflexes of 20 controls (14 to 50 years) and 31 cases (12 to 72 years) with clinically diagnosed relative afferent pupillary defect were measured thrice using 1-second-long light pulses, followed by 3 seconds of darkness, at eight light intensities (6.

Pediatric Pasteurella canis endophthalmitis.

We report an atypical presentation of endophthalmitis in a 2-month-old infant due to a rare infection by Pasteurella canis, small Gram-negative coccobacilli that inhabit the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tracts of animals, including domesticated cats and dogs. Ocular infections are mainly associated with animal bites and scratches.

Characteristics of facial nerve palsy in 112 children and risk factors for ocular complications.

Purpose: To report the ophthalmic findings and ocular complications in a large cohort of pediatric patients with facial nerve palsy (FNP).

Methods: Ocular data of children (≤16 years of age) diagnosed with FNP presenting to an eye care network from 2012 to 2021 were analyzed. Study parameters were etiology of FNP, ocular and imaging findings, degree of lagophthalmos, and degree of vision loss.

Oculo auriculo vertebral spectrum and CHARGE association.

A boy in his early childhood was brought for a comprehensive eye examination as advised by a paediatrician. The child had plagiocephaly, absent left ear (anotia), facial asymmetry, deviation of mouth to the left side, receding chin and teeth, scoliosis and a Mongolian spot on the lower back. There was also absence of seventh and eighth cranial nerves on the left side on MRI of the brain.

Strabismus in pediatric orbital wall fractures.

Purpose: To assess the clinical profiles and outcomes of strabismus in pediatric patients with orbital wall fractures.

Methods: A retrospective interventional study of all consecutive children of age ≤16 years who presented with traumatic orbital wall fractures with and without resultant strabismus was conducted. The details of patient demographics, clinical features, interventions, and outcomes were obtained.

Progeroid syndrome of De Barsy - a case report and review of ophthalmic literature.

Background: This report describes a very rare case of progeroid syndrome of De Barsy (Cutis laxa-corneal clouding syndrome).

Materials And Methods: A 2 year-old child presented to the pediatric ophthalmology outpatients with bilateral congenital corneal opacification along with dysmorphic facial features, including loose wrinkled skin, progeroid appearance, delayed milestones, short stature, multiple hyper-extensible joints, muscular hypotonia, pectus excavatum and congenital dislocation of the hip joint. The child underwent a detailed ophthalmic work up and systemic evaluation by a clinical geneticist.

Clinical and Genetic Profile of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in a Cohort of Patients From a Tertiary Eye Care Center.

Purpose: To identify and describe the clinical profile at presentation in patients diagnosed as having Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with primary and secondary mutations and correlate with treatment.

Methods: A review of electronic medical records from January 2016 to December 2020 for proven cases of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy was conducted. A total of 157 patients with clinically suspected Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (143 males and 14 females) underwent genetic testing and 55 were found to have a mutation for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

Timing of surgery in essential infantile esotropia - What more do we know since the turn of the century?

This review summarizes the results and interpretations of studies pertaining to the long-standing debate regarding the timing of surgery in infantile esotropia, more recently referred to as essential infantile esotropia. A systematic search of studies from the year 2000 onward pertaining to the timing of surgery in infantile esotropia as listed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane database was performed. Appropriate cross-references from the articles were also included.

Clinical Profiles and Surgical Outcomes of Strabismus Following Orbital Wall Fractures: A Large Cohort From a Tertiary Eye Care Center.

Purpose: To evaluate the demographic details, clinical presentation, and surgical outcomes in patients presenting with strabismus following orbital wall fractures.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted over a 6-year period on 347 consecutive patients with strabismus who presented after orbital wall fractures. The patients were evaluated for their demographic data, clinical presentation, and profiles, management, complications, and outcomes of strabismus.

Herpes Simplex Virus Anterior Uveitis in a Child Presenting as a Hypopyon in a White Eye.

Purpose: To report a rare ocular presentation of unilateral anterior uveitis with hypopyon in a 5-year-old child, suspected as masquerade.

Methods: Retrospective report.

Results: A 5-year-old boy presented with hypopyon-uveitis.

Xerophthalmia due to vitamin A deficiency following Frey's procedure for chronic calcific pancreatitis.

We report a rare presentation of xerophthalmia due to partial pancreatic exocrine insufficiency following Frey's surgery (pancreatic resection) in a 12-year-old girl. The child had undergone this surgery for chronic calcific pancreatitis 3 years before and presented with ocular irritation and decreased vision of 3 months duration. Ocular examination showed severe conjunctival and corneal xerosis.

Isolated Oculomotor Neuritis After Dengue Fever.

We report a rare case of isolated partial left III cranial nerve palsy due to inflammatory oculomotor neuritis after dengue fever with unique neuro-imaging findings of enhancement seen along the entire course of the oculomotor nerve.