Marcus Gunn jaw winking associated with Duane's retraction syndrome.

: We report a case of an unusual association between Duane retraction syndrome and Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome in the eye of a patient without other anomalies.: Clinical case. A four-year-old boy presented mild blepharoptosis of the left upper eyelid.

Δ133p53 isoform enhances TLR4 function to promote tumour growth.

Tumour protein 53 (TP53) acts as a tumour suppressor and is often mutated in cancer. Isoforms of TP53, such as the Δ133p53 family, can promote tumour growth and metastasis. Therefore, targeting Δ133p53 function may represent a new strategy for preventing tumour metastasis.

Prospective Evaluation of RedTouch Laser in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease Secondary to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Purpose: To validate the efficacy of RedTouch laser, a new 675 nm laser system in treating dry eye disease (DED) secondary to Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), comparing generalized periocular treatment versus direct targeting of the meibomian glands.

Patients And Methods: 70 patients with mild and moderate DED-MGD received 4 sessions of laser treatment separated by 3 weeks, with assessments before treatment, T0, and at the end, T1, after 2 months from the last session. Patients were divided randomly into 2 groups (G1 and G2) of 35 patients each to test different protocols.

Characteristics and outcomes of ocular candidiasis among patients who use buprenorphine intravenously.

We evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of ocular candidiasis in patients using buprenorphine intravenously. A retrospective analysis of 35 eyes of people who use drugs diagnosed with presumed ocular candidiasis between 2000 and 2017 was performed. Data on demographics, ocular findings, and microbiological results were extracted from medical records.

Acute Angioid Streak Retinopathy is a Two-Phase Inflammatory Process Starting with Outer Retinal Inflammation, Followed by Secondary MEWDS.

Purpose: To present a case of recurrent acute angioid streak retinopathy (AASR) and discuss its potential pathophysiological mechanisms based on multimodal imaging findings.

Observations: A 19-year-old woman with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) experienced three distinct episodes of posterior segment inflammation associated with angioid streaks (AS), previously identified as AASR. Each episode started with acute subretinal inflammation due to a disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/Bruch's membrane (BM) complex at an AS site, which appeared as a peri-AS whitening on fundus photography.

The effect of short-term microgravity and hypergravity on eyelid and brow position.

Purpose: Spaceflights induce periocular facial changes which could contribute to ocular conditions which affect astronauts. This study is to validate parabolic flight as a suitable model for studying gravitational facial changes.

Methods: Healthy participants ( = 13; 37 ± 10 years) underwent short-term exposure to microgravity and hypergravity during parabolic flight.

On the nose: nasal neurostimulation as a technology countermeasure for sinonasal congestion in astronauts.

Human spaceflight subjects the body to numerous and unique challenges. Astronauts frequently report a sense of sinonasal congestion upon entering microgravity for which the exact pathomechanisms are unknown. However, cephalad fluid shift seems to be its primary cause, with CO levels and environmental irritants playing ancillary roles.

Novel Reconstructive Technique for Lower Eyelid Defects: Marginal Approach for Releasing the Lid with Closure Handling Technique (MARCH Technique).

: This study introduces a novel surgical approach, the Marginal Approach for Releasing the lid with Closure Handling technique (MARCH technique), a single-step sparing tissue technique, for the reconstruction of medium to large full-thickness lower eyelid defects and its outcomes. : The research considers a single-centre case series with a description of the MARCH technique. Patients with a full-thickness medium to large lower eyelid defect underwent this technique, which combines inferior cantholysis, splitting of lamellae and island or advancement flaps.

Short-Term Diabetic Retinopathy Status in People with Type 1 Diabetes Commencing Automated Insulin Delivery.

Rapid improvements in glucose control may lead to early worsening of diabetic retinopathy (EWDR). There is a need to demonstrate safety in people commencing automated insulin delivery (AID) due to the known efficacy in rapid glycemic improvement. We aimed to investigate short-term DR outcomes in people (aged ≥13 years) with type 1 diabetes after initiation of AID (use ≥6 months).

Vitreomacular traction - a review.

Vitreomacular traction (VMT) is characterised by abnormal adhesion of the posterior cortical vitreous with the macula causing distortion of the foveal contour and associated with symptoms of reduction in visual acuity and/or metamorphopsia. This review article explores the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic and treatment options for VMT. Advances in imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) have revolutionized the understanding of the vitreoretinal interface abnormalities and helps in monitoring the disease progression.

Macular hole closure with a vertical joint of the inner limiting membrane (ILM).

This case report describes an unexpected surgical outcome with the presence of a vertical joint of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) after a vitrectomy using the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique. A woman presented with 5 months of vision loss in the left eye. The visual acuities were 6/9 in the right eye and 6/75 in the left eye.

Pro Re Nata brolucizumab for early onset and treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema: A prospective study.

ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy and safety of brolucizumab therapy administered on a (PRN) basis without loading dose in treatment naïve patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) for 1 year follow-up.MethodsPatients with recent DME (<6 months) received a mandatory brolucizumab injection at inclusion and other injections could be given on a PRN basis with an 8-week interval (between injections) at minimum. Rescue therapy with other anti-VEGF was possible in case of incomplete DME resolution after the second brolucizumab with a minimum of 1-month treatment free interval between 2 injections.

Vitreous substitutes and tamponades - A review of types, applications, and future directions.

Vitreous substitutes and tamponades occupy the vitreous cavity following vitrectomy in the management of various conditions such as retinal detachment, macular hole, and diabetic retinopathy. Such replacements can be for the short term (gases such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and perfluoropropane (C3F8) or long term (such as silicone oils). Certain substitutes such as perfluorocarbon liquids are used only transiently during surgery as "a third hand" or rarely till a few days post surgery.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in two twin sisters.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of unknown aetiology characterised by an increase in the intracranial pressure. Familial cases of IIH are rare and not well-understood. We present two monozygotic twins who developed IIH two years apart.

Real-world experience with brolucizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration over 2 years: the REBA extension study.

Background: To determine long-term efficacy and safety of intravitreal brolucizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the real-world setting.

Methods: Retrospective, observational, multicentric study and an extension of the REBA study (Real-world Experience with Brolucizumab in nAMD) to 24 months. The study entailed follow-up of 91 consecutive eyes (67 patients) with nAMD who received brolucizumab therapy and completed 24 months of follow-up.

Dry eye disease in astronauts: a narrative review.

Long-duration spaceflight can have adverse effects on human health. One of the most common ocular conditions experienced by astronauts is dry eye disease (DED). Symptoms of DED include feelings of eye irritation, eye strain, foreign body sensation and blurred vision.

Retinotomies and retinectomies: A review of indications, techniques, results, and complications.

Retinotomy refers to "cutting" or "incising" the retina, whereas retinectomy denotes "excising" the retina. Retinotomies and retinectomies aid in tackling traction and retinal shortening that persist following membrane dissection and scleral buckling. We performed a literature search using Google Scholar and PubMed, followed by a review of the references procured.

Dementia and cataract surgery in Australia and New Zealand.

Background: Cataract surgery improves quality of life and reduces cognitive deterioration.

Objectives: This paper discusses the health implications of low vision, commonly related to cataracts, in older adults. A recent publication reported that cataract surgery reduces the risk of dementia by 30% over 10 years.

Current Treatments and Innovations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Multiple treatment options have been used over time to attempt to modify the natural progression of the disease in both proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). These two retinal complications are the result of microvascular occlusions and vascular hyperpermeability and are considered one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in patients of working age.

Prospective evaluation of intense pulsed light treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction and blepharitis due to ocular rosacea.

Background: Ocular rosacea is a common skin condition leading to dry eye that is difficult to manage.

Objectives: To estimate the efficacy and safety of a new intense pulsed light device, Thermaeye Plus, for meibomian gland dysfunction and blepharitis due to ocular rosacea.

Materials & Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study included 74 eyes of 37 consecutive patients with ocular rosacea, with mean age of 45.