Mobilome-mediated transcriptional activation of biosynthetic gene clusters and its impact on strain competitiveness in food fermentation microbiomes.

Background: Microbial interactions are critical for maintaining the stability of food fermentation microbiomes, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) significantly influence these interactions by horizontal gene transfer events. Although MGEs are known to facilitate horizontal gene transfer, their distribution among microorganisms and specific effects on microbial interactions remain poorly understood.

Results: We analyzed 590 metagenomic and 42 metatranscriptomic samples from food fermentations, recovering 1133 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs).

A Study on the Cell Layer Patterns of a Citrus Periclinal Chimera Reveals β-Cryptoxanthin Regulation in Citrus Fruits.

As a dietary provitamin A carotenoid, β-cryptoxanthin is more bioavailable than common carotenoids. However, β-cryptoxanthin is a minor carotenoid in most crops, except for certain citrus species. A chimera (OCC) is identified, which grows from the graft junction between mandarin (OOO) and grapefruit (CCC), and it exhibits a unique β-cryptoxanthin profile.

Hybrid technique-based circularly polarized MIMO antenna with low mutual coupling for millimeter-wave communications.

This research introduces an innovative hybrid approach for developing a circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band applications. The proposed CP-MIMO antenna consists of four orthogonal rectangular slotted radiators, a hexagonal ring hybrid coupler-shaped parasitic element (HRHCP), and a rear Jerusalem cross-shaped decoupling ground (JCDG). A small antenna measuring 35 × 35 × 0.

YOLOv8-Scm: an improved model for citrus fruit sunburn identification and classification in complex natural scenes.

Citrus ranks among the most widely cultivated and economically vital fruit crops globally, with southern China being a major production area. In recent years, global warming has intensified extreme weather events, such as prolonged high temperature and strong solar radiation, posing increasing risks to citrus production,leading to significant economic losses. Existing identification methods struggle with accuracy and generalization in complex environments, limiting their real-time application.

Amplified toxic effects of nanoplastic composite norfloxacin on liver cells in mice: Mechanistic insights and multiscale evaluation.

The concomitant presence of nanoplastics (NPs) and antibiotics in environmental matrices demands urgent investigation into their combined toxicity, however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we employed a multiscale strategy to clarify the combined toxicity and mechanisms of NPs and norfloxacin (NOR) in primary murine hepatocytes. Specifically, co-exposure triggered a 59.

An Integrated Medical and Nursing Management Model for Children with Allergic Rhinitis.

Purpose: We aimed to explore the efficacy of an integrated medical and nursing management model in the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis (AR).

Design: We employed a before-after study design in this non-randomized concurrent control trial. In total, 73 patients completed the entire study including follow-up.

Effective Gd(III) adsorption and mechanistic investigation using nanocellulose intercalated magnetic bentonite.

The wastewater containing gadolinium ions produced during the rare earth mining process posed a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. This study provided a novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals intercalated with magnetic bentonite (TOCNC@M-Bt) via the co-precipitation for effective Gd(III) adsorption from wastewater. TOCNC@M-Bt had a dense lamellar structure, abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (e.

AAV-HBV mouse model replicates the intrahepatic immune landscape of chronic HBV patients at single-cell level.

Introduction: Unresolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to a progressive state of HBV-specific immune dysfunctionality that characterizes chronic infection. The immune-competent adeno associated virus (AAV)-HBV mouse model is commonly used preclinically, though a comprehensive characterization of the liver immune microenvironment and its translatability to human infection is still lacking. We investigated the intrahepatic immune profile of the AAV-HBV mouse model at a single-cell level and compared with data from CHB patients in immune tolerant (IT) and immune active (IA) clinical stages.

Molecular signatures of invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenomas: a comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression.

Background: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are benign tumors in the pituitary gland. However, 30-40% of these tumors are invasive, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Invasive pituitary adenomas (IPAs) often respond poorly to conventional therapies, emphasizing the need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Children's home environments as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance: Divergent urban-rural risks from antibiotic resistance genes and pathogens.

Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) and pathogens pose a global health challenge, particularly for vulnerable children. However, limited knowledge is on their existence in home environments where children spend majority of time, even less on urban-rural differences. We collected settled dust from children's homes in urban(n = 31) and rural (n = 34) areas of Shanghai, China, and analyzed microbiomes, ARGs and pathogens through metagenomic sequencing.

Uncovering encrypted antimicrobial peptides in health-associated Lactobacillaceae by large-scale genomics and machine learning.

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are well known for their broad-spectrum activity and have shown great promise in addressing the antibiotic-resistant crisis. The Lactobacillaceae family, recognized for its health-promoting effects in humans, represents a valuable source of novel AMPs. However, the global prevalence and distribution of AMPs within Lactobacillaceae remains largely unknown, which limits the efficient discovery and development of novel AMPs.

Reconfigurable leaky Fourier surfaces for customized beamforming and scanning.

Recently, the metasurface, with full control of electromagnetic wave properties over a deep-subwavelength thin surface, has been widely exploited in radar and communication systems, and is important for next-generation wireless power transfer systems, 6G communications, and other technologies. In these contexts, there are high demands for active metasurface devices with a simple feeding structure, high gain, and full-space beamforming. Here, a multifunctional leaky Fourier surface (LFS) based on a metasurface is proposed to achieve complete control of leaky electromagnetic waves through Fourier engineering.

Comparative Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Chloroplasts in Mac.cv. Cocktail.

Mac. cv. Cocktail is globally valued for its abundant nutrients and bioactive compounds, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions.

Post-translational modifications in DNA damage repair: mechanisms underlying temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma.

Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is one of the critical factors contributing to the poor prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). As a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for GBM, TMZ exerts its cytotoxic effects through DNA alkylation. However, its therapeutic efficacy is significantly compromised by enhanced DNA damage repair (DDR) mechanisms in GBM cells.

Empowering stroke recovery with upper limb rehabilitation monitoring using TinyML based heterogeneous classifiers.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with approximately 70% of survivors experiencing motor impairments in the upper limbs, significantly affecting their quality of life. Home-based rehabilitation offers a cost-effective approach to improving motor function, but it faces challenges, including inaccurate movement reporting, lack of real-time feedback, and the high cost of rehabilitation equipment. Therefore, there is a need for affordable, lightweight home-based rehabilitation monitoring systems.

Regional fingerprint, enrichment and flavor contribution of Bacillus community in Daqu for Chinese Baijiu.

Bacillus is an important multifunctional genus, but the enrichment and flavor contribution mechanism of this bioresource in Baijiu Daqu are still unclear. In this study, multi-omics was used to investigate the Bacillus community from the perspectives of genus, species and genes. Under the influence of fermentation process and interspecific interactions, Daqu samples from different areas will form regional Bacillus "fingerprints".

Facilitating crRNA Design by Integrating DNA Interaction Features of CRISPR-Cas12a System.

The CRISPR-Cas12a system has gained significant attention as a rapid nucleic acid diagnostic tool due to its crRNA-guided trans-cleavage activity. Accurately predicting the activity of different targets is significant to facilitate the crRNA availability but remains challenging. In this study, a novel approach is presented that combines molecular dynamics simulations and neural network modeling to predict the trans-cleavage activity.

Distributed optimization for traffic-emission control in urban road networks via cooperative game approach.

In this study, we introduce a cooperative game-based distributed optimization strategy for green-time traffic signals to balance traffic-emission reduction and computational efficiency. Utilizing a macroscopic link traffic-flow model for the road network and a microscopic vehicle-emission model for traffic emissions, we apply a cooperative game framework to enable communication and coordination among traffic subnetworks. The optimization problem is decomposed into subproblems using the augmented Lagrangian alternating-direction inexact Newton (ALADIN) algorithm, thus enabling effective collaboration among subnetworks.

Construction of new thermostable MtLPMO9V in synergism with cellulases for efficient lignocellulosic hydrolysis.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) can promote cellulose hydrolysis by disrupting its crystalline zone. This study focused on an uncharacterized thermophilic Myceliophthora thermophila LPMO (MtLPMO9V) in synergism with cellulases for efficient ligocellulosic hydrolysis. After MtLPMO9V was successfully expressed in P.

Analysis of Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome Changes in Goats When Consuming a Lower-Protein Diet with Varying Energy Levels.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fecal bacterial community and metabolomics in goats when consuming a lower-protein diet with different energy levels. Eight healthy Leizhou goats, with 11 ± 0.78 kg of body weight, were selected and housed individually in cages.

Study on the Impurity Profile and its Correlation with the Production Process in the Estazolam API and Tablets.

Background: Estazolam is a benzodiazepine drug widely used in clinical practice. Currently, estazolam tablets on the Chinese market are generic drugs. To meet the requirements of national standards and uniformity, the impurity analysis methods were developed for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and tablets of estazolam.

Cytokine Expression and Cytolytic Effect of Natural Killer Cells are Suppressed in Septic Shock.

Septic shock is the most severe stage of sepsis. How immune dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of septic shock has not been thoroughly understood. In the current research, the phenotype and function of circulating natural killer (NK) cells of septic patients were characterised.

Research on the coupling coordination, spatiotemporal evolution and zoning management of high-quality development and ecosystem service value in China.

High-quality development (HQD) and ecosystem service value (ESV) are among the most prominent topics in China today. Understanding the dynamic coupling and coordination relationship between HQD and ESV is significant for achieving global urban sustainability goals. This study breaks the traditional paradigm of economic and ecological coupling coordination research.

Initial acidity regulates microbial sulfur metabolism in the spontaneous fermentation of sesame flavor-type baijiu.

Volatile sulfur compounds play a crucial role in fermented foods, however, their metabolism during spontaneous food fermentation remains underexplored. With 3-(methylthio)-1-propanal as a case, we revealed the effect of initial acidity on the sulfur metabolism during sesame flavor-type baijiu fermentation. Results showed that the content of 3-(methylthio)-1-propanal reached 383.

Enhancement of the catalytic activity of thermostable Endo-1,4-β-glucanase B (TnCelB) from Thermotoga neapolitana by error-prone PCR.

Endo-1,4-β-glucanase plays a crucial role in converting cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars for biofuel production. However, its commercial utility is hindered by poor catalytic performance under extreme conditions. This study enhanced the catalytic activity of the endo-1,4-β-glucanase (TnCelB) from Thermotoga neapolitana through error-prone PCR directed evolution.