Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cemental tear.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth.

Multiscale, interspecies evaluation of parameters affecting alveolar bone repair.

Background: We undertook a comparative analysis of bone healing in the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) skeleton, focusing on the extent to which the physiological processes of bone repair and remodeling differed between different species. Understanding these differences can enhance the value of research outputs and thus improve treatment strategies.

Methods: An osteotomy was produced in an equivalent anatomical location in mice, rats, minipigs, and human patients.

Exosomes Derived From Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Metabolic Reprogramming of Inflammatory Macrophages.

Aim: To investigate the influence and mechanism of exosomes derived from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC-Exo) regulating macrophage polarisation through metabolic reprogramming.

Materials And Methods: Human acute monocytic leukaemia cells (THP-1)-derived macrophages were treated with GMSC-Exo or Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) in vitro.

Cascade Regulation of Blood Clot Stabilization-Cell Migration-Osteogenic Differentiation by Hollow Hydrogels for Periodontal Bone Regeneration and Repair.

Periodontal bone destruction caused by periodontitis presents a significant clinical challenge. Optimal regeneration of periodontal bone shall progress through three distinct physiological stages: 1) formation of a blood clot; 2) recruitment of stem cells to the clot; and 3) osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells. In this context, the present study proposes a hollow carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/sodium alginate (SA)/CaCO microparticles (CACC) hydrogel.

Extracellular Vesicles-in-Hydrogel (EViH) targeting pathophysiology for tissue repair.

Regenerative medicine endeavors to restore damaged tissues and organs utilizing biological approaches. Utilizing biomaterials to target and regulate the pathophysiological processes of injured tissues stands as a crucial method in propelling this field forward. The Extracellular Vesicles-in-Hydrogel (EViH) system amalgamates the advantages of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and hydrogels, rendering it a prominent biomaterial in regenerative medicine with substantial potential for clinical translation.

Irisin attenuates vascular remodeling in hypertensive mice induced by Ang II by suppressing Ca-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress in VSMCs.

Vascular remodeling plays a vital role in hypertensive diseases and is an important target for hypertension treatment. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine and adipokine, has been found to have beneficial effects on various cardiovascular diseases. However, the pharmacological effect of irisin in antagonizing hypertension-induced vascular remodeling is not well understood.

Reverse flow enhanced inertia pinched flow fractionation.

Particle separation plays a critical role in many biochemical analyses. In this article, we report a method of reverse flow enhanced inertia pinched flow fractionation (RF-iPFF) for particle separation. RF-iPFF separates particles by size based on the flow-induced inertial lift, and in the abruptly broadened segment, reverse flow is utilized to further enhance the separation distance between particles of different sizes.

Protease-Loaded CuS Nanoparticles with Synergistic Photothermal/Dynamic Therapy against -Induced Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by a plaque biofilm, which can lead to the destruction of the periodontal support tissue and even teeth loss. The common strategies of periodontitis treatment are to eliminate bacterial/biofilm-related inflammation and subsequently inhibit alveolar bone resorption, for which antibiotic therapy is the most traditional one. However, impenetrable polymeric substances on bacterial biofilms make it difficult for traditional antimicrobial agents to take effect.

Human gingival mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes cross-regulate the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signalling pathways in the periodontal inflammation microenvironment.

Aim: To examine the immunomodulatory effect of exosomes originating from gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC-Exo) on periodontal bone regeneration and its role in the regulation of the nuclear-factor kappaB (NF-κB) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in the periodontal inflammatory microenvironment.

Materials And Methods: First, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were treated with GMSC-Exo or Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) in vitro.

Enhanced Eradication of Biofilms by Quaternized Chitosan-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy in Persistent Endodontic Infections.

Due to the persistent presence of biofilms in apical root canals, persistent endodontic infections (PEIs) have always been an intractable disease to solve. The conventional root canal disinfectants (e.g.

Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Wound Healing Through the WNT/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Dermal Fibroblasts.

The differentiation, migration, and proliferation of skin fibroblasts are identified as key factors in cutaneous wound healing. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and their exosomes (ADMSC-Exos) have been considered as potential therapeutic tools for tissue regeneration; however, the underlying mechanisms on cutaneous wound healing are still not well understood. In this study, we successfully obtained ADMSC-Exos and found ADMSC-Exos significantly promoted the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.

Exosomes Derived From Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate the Inflammatory Response in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.

This study aimed to explore the effects of exosomes derived from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC-Exo) on the inflammatory response of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in an inflammatory microenvironment in order to restore the regenerative potential of PDLSCs, which promotes periodontal tissue regeneration in patients with periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease characterized by periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone destruction. PDLSCs are regarded as promising seed cells for restoring periodontal tissue defects because of their ability to regenerate cementum/PDL-like tissue and alveolar bone.

Silencing of Nesprin-2 inhibits the differentiation of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts induced by mechanical stretch.

Mechanical force plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scar (HTS). Dermal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the key cells involved in HTS. Myofibroblasts in HTS possess different biochemical and biophysical characteristics by which myofibroblasts are often distinguished from fibroblasts.

Application of ADSCs and their Exosomes in Scar Prevention.

Scar is a common way of healing after tissue injury. The poor scar healing will not only cause dysfunction of tissues and organs but also affect the appearance of the patients' body surface, which causes the pressure of life and spirit to the patients. However, the formation of scar tissue is an extremely complex process and its mechanism is not fully understood.

Influence of hyperocclusion on the remodeling of gingival tissues.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of hyperocclusion on the remodeling of gingival tissues and detect the related signaling pathways.

Design: Hyperocclusion models were established by tooth extraction in mice. The mice were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 28, or 56 days after the surgery, and the left mandibular first molars with gingival tissues were isolated and examinations were focused on the gingival tissues.

Effect of gingival mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on inflammatory macrophages in a high-lipid microenvironment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of gingival mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes (GMSC-Exos) on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/INF-γ)-induced inflammatory macrophages in a high-lipid microenvironment.

Materials And Methods: Exosomes were obtained by culturing gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) in alpha-MEM with exosome-free fetal bovine serum for 48 h. The control group was produced in vitro by inducing human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1 cells) into naïve macrophages (M0).

Formation and regeneration of a Wnt-responsive junctional epithelium.

Aim: To identify the molecular mechanisms mediating the persistent defensive functions of the self-renewing junctional epithelium (JE).

Materials And Methods: Two strains of Wnt reporter mice, Axin2 ;R26R and Axin2 , were employed, along with three clinically relevant experimental scenarios where the function of the JE is disrupted: after tooth extraction, after a partial gingivectomy, and after a complete circumferential gingivectomy.

Results: Using transgenic Wnt reporter strains of mice, we established the JE is a Wnt-responsive epithelium beginning at the time of its formation and that it maintains this status into adulthood.

Longitudinal Follow-up Survey of Effects of Oral Comprehensive Healthcare Measures on Early Childhood Caries.

Purpose: To assess the effect of oral comprehensive healthcare on the prevalence of early childhood caries in urban areas of China.

Materials And Methods: A total of 398 children aged 4-5 years from six different kindergartens in Qingdao were recruited to participate in a 1-year single-blind randomised controlled clinical trial. They were randomly assigned into either an experimental group (187 children) or a control group (211 children).

Systematically transplanted human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice with periodontitis.

Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been the focus of extensive research due to their numerous distinct properties, including their homing to injury sites and their contribution to tissue regeneration. However, the role of transplanted GMSCs in the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice with periodontitis has not been demonstrated. In the present study, apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE) mice were used to establish a hyperlipidemia model with periodontitis and divided into two groups: Group B and Group C (n=20 per group), and wild-type C57BL/6J mice without any treatment were assigned to Group A (n=20).

Role of gingival mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in macrophage polarization under inflammatory conditions.

Objective: Exosomes have been shown to play a strong role in intercellular communication. While GMSCs have been extensively studied, less research exists on exosomes derived from GMSCs, especially on how exosomes affect macrophages. This study aimed to investigate the impact of GMSC-derived exosomes on macrophage polarization and phenotype under inflammatory conditions.

Wnt-Responsive Stem Cell Fates in the Oral Mucosa.

Epithelia of the oral cavity exhibit variations in morphologies and turnover rates. Are these differences related to environment or to region-specific stem cell populations? A lineage-tracing strategy allowed visualization of Wnt-responsive cells, and their progeny, in the hard and soft palates. In both anatomic locations, Wnt-responsive basal cells self-renewed and gave rise to supra-basal cells.

Characteristics of chitosan-modified glass ionomer cement and their effects on the adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study.

This study explores the possibility of adhering gingival tissue to a root surface that was restored with chitosan (CS)-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) in the case of gingival recessions associated with root caries, which provides a theoretical basis for clinical application at the cellular level. The specimens were mixed after integrating 1, 2, and 4 wt% CS into the GIC fluid. The characteristics and cytocompatibility were then examined.