Mitochondrial Genome and RNA Editing Tissue Specificity of .

Background: , a medicinally important species that is rich in bioactive compounds, lacks a characterized mitochondrial genome, despite nuclear and chloroplast assemblies. We sequenced and annotated its mitochondrial genome to elucidate its genetic foundations and evolutionary mechanisms.

Methods: Assembly using Illumina short-reads and Nanopore long-reads was used to characterize the mitochondrial genome.

"Eldorado" flower extract targets serpine 1 to attenuate inflammatory and antioxidant crosstalk in zebrafish.

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are pivotal drivers of pathological conditions, necessitating safer plant-derived therapeutic alternatives. This study elucidates the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of "Eldorado" flower water extract (NEWE) in a zebrafish () model of copper sulfate (CuSO)-induced inflammation. NEWE (25-100 μg/mL) attenuates CuSO-triggered neutrophil migration and oxidative stress by downregulating proinflammatory genes (, ) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Manipulation of the Expression of Tryptophan Decarboxylase Boosts Grain Functional Quality and Stress Resilience Capacity of Wheat.

Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), the rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan metabolism in plants, is essential for the production of a series of bioactive molecules, such as serotonin, melatonin and the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid and therefore plays crucial roles in various aspects of growth and development. However, its roles in determining wheat grain quality and stress resilience capacity remain unknown, limiting its utilisation in wheat improvement. In this study, we found that overexpression of AevTDC1 (AevTDC1-OX) of Aegilops variabilis, a wheat relative, did not significantly impair yield-related traits of wheat, but remarkably elevated the content of tryptamine, serotonin, melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the grains.

Spatially Confined Electrosynthesis of Halogen-Poor and Carbonyl-Rich Graphene for Boosting Water Desalination and Water Splitting.

Electrochemical in situ modification of graphene remains a challenge because of the pretty low concentration of radicals generated during the electroexfoliation process. The spatially confined electrosynthesis of halogen-poor and carbonyl-rich graphene (XCG, X═F, Cl, Br) is reported. It is found that the effective radical addition reaction between graphite/graphene and electro-generated radicals (halogen radical and carboxylic radical) is promoted by using X and HCOO as both intercalation ions and co-reactants, which assists the efficient formation of high crystalline XCG.

Spatially synthesized fluorine-modified graphene improves double times higher capacitance than theoretical capacitance of graphene in alkaline medium.

The practically low energy density limits the large-scale application of graphene in supercapacitors. Here, we propose a space-confined method for the preparation of fluorine-modified graphene (FG) by using fluorine-containing groups (PF or BF) as co-intercalated ions and reactants. The semi-ionic C-F bonds in FG contribute a brilliant capacitive performance in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes.

Mitogenome of Uncaria rhynchophylla: genome structure, characterization, and phylogenetic relationships.

Background: Uncaria rhynchophylla is listed in the Chinese pharmacopoeia as one of the five botanical sources of the traditional medicine Gou-Teng, which has been utilized for the treatment of mental and cardiovascular disorders. This particular species is well-known in China for its hook-like structures originating from the leaf axils. Despite available reports on its chloroplast genome, there persists a notable lack of understanding concerning the structural variations and evolution of its mitochondrial genome.

Nanoparticles: a promising tool against environmental stress in plants.

With a focus on plant tolerance to environmental challenges, nanotechnology has emerged as a potent instrument for assisting crops and boosting agricultural production in the face of a growing worldwide population. Nanoparticles (NPs) and plant systems may interact molecularly to change stress response, growth, and development. NPs may feed nutrients to plants, prevent plant diseases and pathogens, and detect and monitor trace components in soil by absorbing their signals.

Accelerated galvanic interaction for the fabrication of core-shell nanowires to boost the hydrogen evolution reaction.

As an essential reaction of water splitting in alkaline solution, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is seriously limited by its ponderous dynamics and the dissolution of Ru. Herein, we propose a strategy for the electrochemical deposition of Ru nanoparticles on the surface of Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) to generate a core-shell Ru@Ag/AgCl catalyst through an accelerated galvanostatic interaction conducted in RuCl solution. The active sites of Ru were precisely controlled by tailoring the number of cycles in cyclic voltammetry (CV).

Fibrillin gene family and its role in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress.

Fibrillins (FBNs), highly conserved plastid lipid-associated proteins (PAPs), play a crucial role in plant physiology. These proteins, encoded by nuclear genes, are prevalent in the plastoglobules (PGs) of chloroplasts. FBNs are indispensable for maintaining plastid stability, promoting plant growth and development, and enhancing stress responses.

Plants' molecular behavior to heavy metals: from criticality to toxicity.

The contamination of soil and water with high levels of heavy metals (HMs) has emerged as a significant obstacle to agricultural productivity and overall crop quality. Certain HMs, although serving as essential micronutrients, are required in smaller quantities for plant growth. However, when present in higher concentrations, they become very toxic.

Effects of myo-inositol on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and alternative splicing events coexpressed with lncRNAs in the liver tissues of diabetic mice.

Objective: Recent studies have shown that gene alternative splicing (AS) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Currently, myo-inositol (MI) is considered as effective for the treatment of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders in diabetes patients. We hope to better explore the potential roles of gene AS and lncRNAs in liver glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes, as well as the effects of myo-inositol treatment, through transcriptome analysis.

Foliar application of iron impacts flavonoid glycosylation and promotes flavonoid metabolism in coloured rice.

Coloured rice is known as a healthcare food owing its rich flavonoid content. To better understand the effects of iron on the flavonoid metabolism of coloured rice grains, different concentrations of FeSO were foliar sprayed on to red rice Yuhongdao 5815 (RR) and black rice Nanheinuo (BR). The results revealed the association of iron with the increased accumulation of anthocyanins in BR and proanthocyanins in RR along with enhancements in their antioxidant capacities and total flavonoid contents.

Genetics and metabolic responses of Artemisia annua L to the lake of phosphorus under the sparingly soluble phosphorus fertilizer: evidence from transcriptomics analysis.

The medicinal herb Artemisia annua L. is prized for its capacity to generate artemisinin, which is used to cure malaria. Potentially influencing the biomass and secondary metabolite synthesis of A.

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in leaves of (L.) Urban.

(L.) Urban is a well-known medicinal plant which has multiple pharmacological properties. Notably, the leaves of contain large amounts of triterpenoid saponins.

Dysregulated lncRNAs regulate human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into insulin-producing cells by forming a regulatory network with mRNAs.

Objective: In recent years, cell therapy has emerged as a new research direction in the treatment of diabetes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation necessary to form such treatment have not been clarified.

Methods: In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) isolated from newborns were progressively induced into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) using small molecules.

Increased GPC4 and clusterin associated with insulin resistance in patients with PCOS.

The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in serum glypican 4 (GPC4) and clusterin (CLU) levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as well as their correlation with sex hormones and metabolic parameters. A total of 40 PCOS patients and 40 age-matched healthy women were selected. Serum GPC4 and CLU levels were compared between the PCOS and control groups, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relative risk of PCOS at different tertiles of serum GPC4 and CLU concentrations.

Sheet-Isolated MoS Used for Dispersing Pt Nanoparticles and its Application in Methanol Fuel Cells.

It is highly challenging to activate the basal plane and minimize the π-π stacking of MoS sheets, thus enhancing its catalytic performance. Here, we display an approach for making well-dispersed MoS . By using the N-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NMWCNTs) as an isolation unit, the aggregation of MoS sheets was effectively reduced, favoring the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles (noted as Pt/NMWCNTs-isolated-MoS ).

Identification and Characterization of Glutathione S-transferase Genes in (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Insecticides Stress.

Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) serve critical roles in insecticides and other forms of xenobiotic chemical detoxification. The fall armyworm, (J. E.

RNA sequencing in Artemisia annua L explored the genetic and metabolic responses to hardly soluble aluminum phosphate treatment.

Artemisia annua L. is a medicinal plant valued for its ability to produce artemisinin, a molecule used to treat malaria. Plant nutrients, especially phosphorus (P), can potentially influence plant biomass and secondary metabolite production.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of metal tolerance protein (MTP) gene family in soybean (Glycine max) under heavy metal stress.

Aim: Plant metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) are plant membrane divalent cation transporters that specifically contribute to heavy metal stress resistance and mineral uptake. However, little is known about this family's molecular behaviors and biological activities in soybean.

Methods And Results: A total of 20 potential MTP candidate genes were identified and studied in the soybean genome for phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal distributions, gene structures, gene ontology, cis-elements, and previous gene expression.

Composition-adjustable MoCoC/Co@carbon nanocage for enhanced oxygen reduction and evolution reactions.

Bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts that hold outstanding activity and stability are highly crucial for the development of efficient rechargeable Zn-air batteries. Herein, cobalt-molybdenum-based bimetallic carbide and cobalt nanoparticles embedded N-doped carbon nanocages are synthesized via the pyrolysis of functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework precursor originated from zeolitic imidazolate framework sequentially coated with polydopamine and phosphomolybdic acid. Furthermore, we revealed the composition-performance relationship based on the exploration of bifunctional performance on the pyrolysis products.

Natural resistance of tomato plants to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most harmful afflictions in the world that affects tomato growth and production. Six regular antagonistic genes (, , , , , and ) have been transferred from wild germplasms to commercial cultivars as TYLCV protections. With serving as an appropriate source of TYLCV resistance, only , , and displayed substantial levels of opposition in a few strains.