An l-fucose-responsive transcription factor cross-regulates the expression of a diverse array of carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma reesei.

l-Fucose is a universal capping component of biomolecules found throughout all domains of life. Although fungi are renowned for their role in biomass recycling, the mechanisms by which they process l-fucose remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidate a l-fucose-responsive system in Trichoderma reesei, a model fungus for plant cell wall degradation.

Impact of Pharmacist-Led Anti-Infective Consultations on Therapeutic Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of pharmacist-led anti-infective consultations in a Chinese tertiary hospital under diagnosis-related group (DRG) payment reforms.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed inpatients receiving pharmacist-led anti-infective consultations from Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province in 2024. Patients were stratified into adherence and non-adherence groups based on clinicians' implementation of pharmacist recommendations.

Antimicrobial stewardship reduces antibiotic use density and cost in a Chinese tertiary hospital.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) have demonstrated efficacy in lowering hospital expenditures and enhancing the judicious use of antibiotics. However, many hospitals in China have not yet established an ASP management model, and there is limited literature reporting successful ASP experiences. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ASP on Antibiotics Use Density (AUD).

Accurate de novo design of high-affinity protein-binding macrocycles using deep learning.

Developing macrocyclic binders to therapeutic proteins typically relies on large-scale screening methods that are resource intensive and provide little control over binding mode. Despite progress in protein design, there are currently no robust approaches for de novo design of protein-binding macrocycles. Here we introduce RFpeptides, a denoising diffusion-based pipeline for designing macrocyclic binders against protein targets of interest.

Influence of one-step enzymatic modification on the structure, physicochemical, and functional properties of dietary fiber from corn husk rich in (hemi)cellulose.

This study systematically evaluated enzymatic modification of corn husks rich in hemicellulose using different sources of cellulases for producing soluble dietary fiber (SDF) by comparing the differences in yields and characteristics of obtained polysaccharides, thereby developing a novel one-step enzymatic modification process without starch and protein removal pretreatment that was commonly used in traditional enzymatic modification processes. It was shown that Trichoderma reesei cellulases showed a better modification effect than Penicillium oxalicum cellulases, especially T. reesei SCB-18 cellulase, producing high-yield SDF with superior physicochemical and structural characteristics and functional properties such as high water-holding capacity and adsorption capacities for cholesterol and nitrite ion, good thermal stability, low crystallinity, and molecular weight through this one-step process.

The combination of continuous-pulse feeding hydrolysates with soybean hulls induction during fed-batch fermentation of Trichoderma reesei b5 significantly elevated the cellulase production and its degradation ability on lignocellulosic biomass.

To date, the high cost of cellulase is still a major factor limiting industrial production of lignocellulose bioconversion. This study developed a novel strategy combining continuous-pulse feeding glucose with soybean hulls (SBH) induction to efficiently elevate cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei b5 and enhance hydrolysis performance of cellulase on lignocellulose. In this strategy, the sugar concentration in the fermentation system was strictly controlled to meet the sugar requirements of strain for enzyme production without inhibition.

Perception of uncertainty concerning illness and coping styles among parents of children with central nervous system tumors: a correlation analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the perception of uncertainty concerning illness among parents of children with central nervous system tumors and their coping styles and to analyze correlations to provide a basis for developing targeted intervention measures.

Methods: We studied 108 parents of children with central nervous system tumors admitted from January 2023 to January 2024. Information about these children and their parents were analyzed using the modified Parents' Perception of Uncertainty in Illness Scale (PPUS) and the Coping Health Inventory for Parents to calculate correlations of parents' perceptions of uncertainty concerning illness and coping styles.

Immunoglobulin G N-glycan markers of mild cognitive impairment in a Chinese population with cerebrovascular stenosis: A case-control study.

Background: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycans have been shown to regulate the inflammatory response in the context of disease. In recent years, it has been found to be associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we examined the relationship between IgG N-glycans and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a high-risk population for MCI, specifically patients with cerebrovascular stenosis.

Accurate design of high-affinity protein binding macrocycles using deep learning.

The development of macrocyclic binders to therapeutic proteins typically relies on large-scale screening methods that are resource-intensive and provide little control over binding mode. Despite considerable progress in physics-based methods for peptide design and deep-learning methods for protein design, there are currently no robust approaches for design of protein-binding macrocycles. Here, we introduce RFpeptides, a denoising diffusion-based pipeline for designing macrocyclic peptide binders against protein targets of interest.

Prevalence of dysphagia following posterior fossa tumor resection: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Objective: Dysphagia is common in individuals who have undergone posterior fossa tumor (PFT) resection and negatively impacts on the individual's quality of life, nutritional status, and overall health. We aimed to quantitatively synthesize data from studies of the prevalence of dysphagia following PFT resection.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, and VIP database were searched for case-control and cross-sectional studies that evaluated the prevalence of dysphagia after PFT surgery.

Death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: a cross-sectional survey.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate death anxiety (DA) in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and identify associated factors in the context of Chinese culture.

Methods: Caregivers (N = 588) of advanced cancer patients in a tertiary cancer hospital completed anonymous questionnaire surveys. Measures included the Chinese version of the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (C-T-DAS), the Quality-of-Life Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale.

Quality of life and death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the moderating effect of social support.

Purpose: To explore the mediating role of trait anxious personality in the association between quality of life (QoL) and death anxiety (DA), as well as to test the moderating effect of social support in the mediation model.

Methods: The Death Anxiety Scale, Quality of Life Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale were used to measure 588 family caregivers of advanced cancer patients. We then constructed a moderated mediation model.

Quercetin improves the protection of hydroxysafflor yellow a against cerebral ischemic injury by modulating of blood-brain barrier and src-p-gp-mmp-9 signalling.

Protection of the structural and functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for treating ischemic stroke (IS). Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and quercetin (Quer), two main active components in the edible and medicinal plant L., have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects.

A novel score for early prediction of urinary tract infection risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a nomogram-based retrospective cohort study.

This study aimed to construct and externally validate a user-friendly nomogram-based scoring model for predicting the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A retrospective real-world cohort study was conducted on 1748 consecutive hospitalized patients with AIS. Out of these patients, a total of 1132 participants were ultimately included in the final analysis, with 817 used for model construction and 315 utilized for external validation.

Streptomyces umbrella toxin particles block hyphal growth of competing species.

Streptomyces are a genus of ubiquitous soil bacteria from which the majority of clinically utilized antibiotics derive. The production of these antibacterial molecules reflects the relentless competition Streptomyces engage in with other bacteria, including other Streptomyces species. Here we show that in addition to small-molecule antibiotics, Streptomyces produce and secrete antibacterial protein complexes that feature a large, degenerate repeat-containing polymorphic toxin protein.

Anxiety symptoms without depression are associated with cognitive control network (CNN) dysfunction: An fNIRS study.

Anxiety is a common psychological disorder associated with other mental disorders, with depression being the most common comorbidity. Few studies have examined the neural mechanisms underlying anxiety after controlling for depression. This study aimed to explore whether there are differences in cortical activation in anxiety patients with different severities whose depression are normal.

Small-molecule antiviral treatments for COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of small-molecule antivirals for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: Seven databases were searched from their inception to 01 June 2023. The risk of bias in randomised controlled trials and retrospective studies was evaluated individually using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

Structure-guided engineering of transcriptional activator XYR1 for inducer-free production of lignocellulolytic enzymes in .

The filamentous fungus is widely used for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes in industry. XYR1 is the major transcriptional activator of cellulases and hemicellulases in . However, rational engineering of XYR1 for improved lignocellulolytic enzymes production has been limited by the lack of structure information.

Association between immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation and lupus nephritis in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study.

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a crucial complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and has important clinical implications in guiding treatment. N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a key role in the development of SLE by affecting the balance of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of IgG N-glycosylation for diagnosing LN in a sample of female SLE patients.

Dual-Signal Integrated Aptasensor for Microcystin-LR Detection via In Situ Generation of Silver Nanoclusters Induced by Circular DNA Strand Displacement Reactions.

Inspired by the signal accumulation of circular DNA strand displacement reactions (CD-SDRs) and the in situ generation of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) from signature template sequences, a dual-signal integrated aptasensor was designed for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) detection. The aptamer was programmed to be included in an enzyme-free CD-SDR, which utilized MC-LR as the primer and outputted the H1/H2 dsDNA in a continuous manner according to the ideal state. Ingeniously, H1/H2 dsDNA was enriched with signature template sequences, allowing in situ generation of AgNCs signal probes.

Is Azvudine Comparable to Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in Real-World Efficacy and Safety for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19? A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir are more extensively used to treat COVID-19 in China due to their earlier approval by the National Medical Products Administration. However, there has been a scarcity of research directly comparing the clinical outcomes between azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir till now. We aimed to make a head-to-head comparison of the efficacy and safety of azvudine or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China.

Strain improvement of for enhanced biocontrol capacity: Strategies and prospects.

In the control of plant diseases, biocontrol has the advantages of being efficient and safe for human health and the environment. The filamentous fungus and its closely related species can inhibit the growth of many phytopathogenic fungi, and have been developed as commercial biocontrol agents for decades. In this review, we summarize studies on species complex from the perspective of strain improvement.

The interaction between the histone acetyltransferase complex Hat1-Hat2 and transcription factor AmyR provides a molecular brake to regulate amylase gene expression.

The chromatin structure is generally regulated by chromatin remodelers and histone modifiers, which affect DNA replication, repair, and levels of transcription. The first identified histone acetyltransferase was Hat1/KAT1, which belongs to lysine (K) acetyltransferases. The catalytic subunit Hat1 and the regulatory subunit Hat2 make up the core HAT1 complex.