Interplays of Genotype, Alcohol Consumption, and Gut Microbiota in Relation to Insulin Resistance.

Background/objective: Alcohol consumption has been linked to alterations in gut microbiota and insulin resistance. The alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene plays a crucial role in alcohol catabolism, where rs1229984 variant carriers (CT/TT) catabolize ethanol at an 80-fold faster rate than non-carriers (CC). This study investigates the relationships between ADH1B gene rs1229984 mutation, alcohol consumption, gut microbiota, and insulin resistance.

Steroid hormone biosynthesis and dietary related metabolites associated with excessive daytime sleepiness.

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a complex sleep problem that affects approximately 33% of the United States population. Although EDS usually occurs in conjunction with insufficient sleep and other sleep and circadian disorders, recent studies have shown unique genetic markers and metabolic pathways underlying EDS. Here, we aimed to further elucidate the biological profile of EDS using large-scale single- and pathway-level metabolomics analyses.

A Metabolomics Study of Cardiac Dysfunction in Hyperglycemia: Findings From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Objective: Hyperglycemic states (prediabetes and diabetes) are associated with heart failure (HF) risk. We aimed to identify distinct metabolites for subclinical cardiac dysfunction, a precursor of HF, in hyperglycemic or euglycemic individuals.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted cross-sectional and prospective analyses of 2,492 HF-free participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study visit 5, 2011-2013.

Neighborhood environment and incident diabetes, a neighborhood environment-wide association study ('NE-WAS'): Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing among the Hispanic/Latino population. Type 2 diabetes incidence rates vary between neighborhoods, but no single aspect of the neighborhood environment is known to cause type 2 diabetes. Using data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos cohort of 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults in four major US cities, we conducted a neighborhood environment-wide association study to identify neighborhood measures or clusters of measures associated with diabetes incidence.

Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries.

Polygenic scores (PGSs) for body mass index (BMI) may guide early prevention and targeted treatment of obesity. Using genetic data from up to 5.1 million people (4.

Dietary patterns, serum metabolites, and risk of cardiovascular disease in United States Hispanic/Latino adults: a prospective analysis of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Healthy dietary patterns are recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the relationships among healthy dietary patterns, blood metabolite profile, and incident CVD are not well understood.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the associations of healthy dietary patterns and related serum metabolite profiles with incident CVD in United States Hispanic/Latino adults.

Methods: The study included 13,922 participants aged 18-74 y from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Histidine Metabolism Toward Imidazole Propionate Production in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To examine associations of serum imidazole propionate (ImP), histidine, and their ratio with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related dietary and gut microbial factors in U.S. Hispanic/Latino people.

Associations of fecal and blood microbiota-related metabolites with gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes in HIV infection.

Objectives: Assess the relationships of gut microbiota (GMB)-related metabolites in feces and blood with GMB and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the context of HIV infection, the presence of which could disrupt host metabolism.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 111 women with HIV (WWH) and 56 women without HIV (WWOH) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study.

Methods: We measured 62 targeted metabolites in both feces and plasma and examined their associations with GMB composition (243 species) and prevalent T2D.

Association of meal timing with adiposity measures and gut microbiome characteristics in a cohort study: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Time-restricted eating may help control weight through caloric restriction, circadian rhythm, or influence on the gut microbiome (GMB). Physical activity (PA) also plays a role, as people with a longer eating window (EW, time between first and last daily intake) may be more active. The associations between meal timing, adiposity, PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and GMB characteristics are of interest in Hispanic/Latino persons, who experience a high burden of cardiometabolic diseases.

Life-course socioeconomic position and the gut microbiome in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and beyond may influence the gut microbiome, with implications for disease risk. Studies evaluating the relationship between life-course SEP and the gut microbiome are sparse, particularly among Hispanic/Latino individuals, who have a high prevalence of low SEP. We use the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a population-based cohort study conducted in four field centers in the United States (U.

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake, gut microbiota, circulating metabolites, and diabetes risk in Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

No population-based studies examined gut microbiota and related metabolites associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among US adults. In this cohort of US Hispanic/Latino adults, higher SSB intake was associated with nine gut bacterial species, including lower abundances of several short-chain-fatty-acid producers, previously shown to be altered by fructose and glucose in animal studies, and higher abundances of fructose- and glucose-utilizing Clostridium bolteae and Anaerostipes caccae. Fifty-six serum metabolites were correlated with SSB intake and a gut microbiota score based on these SSB-related species in consistent directions.

Trans-ancestry genome-wide association study of childhood body mass index identifies novel loci and age-specific effects.

Over the past 30 years, obesity prevalence has markedly increased globally, including among children. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 1,000 genetic loci associated with obesity-related traits in adults, the genetic architecture of childhood obesity is less well characterized. Moreover, most childhood obesity GWASs have been restricted to severely obese children, in relatively small sample sizes, and in primarily European-ancestry populations.

Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV.

Background: Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV.

Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study.

Untargeted metabolome atlas for sleep-related phenotypes in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos.

Background: Sleep is essential to maintaining health and wellbeing of individuals, influencing a variety of outcomes from mental health to cardiometabolic disease. This study aims to assess the relationships between various sleep-related phenotypes and blood metabolites.

Methods: Utilising data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we performed association analyses between 40 sleep-related phenotypes, grouped in several domains (sleep disordered breathing (SDB), sleep duration, sleep timing, self-reported insomnia symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and heart rate during sleep), and 768 metabolites measured via untargeted metabolomics profiling.

The Oral Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Recent advancements in high-throughput omics techniques have enhanced our understanding of the human microbiome's role in the development of CVDs. Although the relationship between the gut microbiome and CVDs has attracted considerable research attention and has been rapidly evolving in recent years, the role of the oral microbiome remains less understood, with most prior studies focusing on periodontitis-related pathogens.

Identification of allele-specific KIV-2 repeats and impact on Lp(a) measurements for cardiovascular disease risk.

The abundance of Lp(a) protein holds significant implications for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is directly impacted by the copy number (CN) of KIV-2, a 5.5 kbp sub-region. KIV-2 is highly polymorphic in the population and accurate analysis is challenging.

Association of Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Different Time Periods With Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among U.S. Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To examine the associations of energy intake and glycemic load (GL) in different time periods during the day with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This cohort study included 2,911 adults with diabetes from who were part of the U.S.

Identification of proteins associated with type 2 diabetes risk in diverse racial and ethnic populations.

Aims/hypothesis: Several studies have reported associations between specific proteins and type 2 diabetes risk in European populations. To better understand the role played by proteins in type 2 diabetes aetiology across diverse populations, we conducted a large proteome-wide association study using genetic instruments across four racial and ethnic groups: African; Asian; Hispanic/Latino; and European.

Methods: Genome and plasma proteome data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study involving 182 African, 69 Asian, 284 Hispanic/Latino and 409 European individuals residing in the USA were used to establish protein prediction models by using potentially associated cis- and trans-SNPs.

Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Dietary Related Metabolites Associated with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness.

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a complex sleep problem that affects approximately 33% of the United States population. Although EDS usually occurs in conjunction with insufficient sleep, and other sleep and circadian disorders, recent studies have shown unique genetic markers and metabolic pathways underlying EDS. Here, we aimed to further elucidate the biological profile of EDS using large scale single- and pathway-level metabolomics analyses.

Obstructive sleep apnea mediates genetic risk of Diabetes Mellitus: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Objective: We sought to evaluate whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and other sleep disorders, increase genetic risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM).

Research Design And Methods: Using GWAS summary statistics from the DIAGRAM consortium and Million Veteran Program, we developed multi-ancestry Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) polygenic risk scores (T2D-PRSs) useful in admixed Hispanic/Latino individuals. We estimated the association of the T2D-PRS with cross-sectional and incident DM in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Multivariable Mendelian randomization with incomplete measurements on the exposure variables in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Multivariable Mendelian randomization allows simultaneous estimation of direct causal effects of multiple exposure variables on an outcome. When the exposure variables of interest are quantitative omic features, obtaining complete data can be economically and technically challenging: the measurement cost is high, and the measurement devices may have inherent detection limits. In this paper, we propose a valid and efficient method to handle unmeasured and undetectable values of the exposure variables in a one-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis with individual-level data.

Blood metabolomic shift links diet and gut microbiota to multiple health outcomes among Hispanic/Latino immigrants in the U.S.

Unlabelled: Immigrants from less industrialized countries who are living in the U.S. often bear an elevated risk of multiple disease due to the adoption of a U.

Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos-A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate the association between meal timing and type 2 diabetes risk in U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults.