Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Hispanic and/or Latino Adults.

Importance: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early indicator of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), yet its association with plasma biomarkers remains unclear among middle-aged and older adults (aged 50-86 years).

Objective: To examine associations between plasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau, neuroaxonal damage, and glial activation with SCD in a heterogeneous cohort of Hispanic and/or Latino adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used survey-weighted data from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging, an ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Interplays of Genotype, Alcohol Consumption, and Gut Microbiota in Relation to Insulin Resistance.

Background/objective: Alcohol consumption has been linked to alterations in gut microbiota and insulin resistance. The alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene plays a crucial role in alcohol catabolism, where rs1229984 variant carriers (CT/TT) catabolize ethanol at an 80-fold faster rate than non-carriers (CC). This study investigates the relationships between ADH1B gene rs1229984 mutation, alcohol consumption, gut microbiota, and insulin resistance.

Associations between depressive symptoms and subjective cognitive decline among diverse hispanics/latinos: Results from the study of Latinos-investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Introduction: Depressive symptoms and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are commonly reported prior to cognitive impairment. We examined associations between depressive symptoms and SCD among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults to better understand how depressive symptoms should be considered when interpreting SCD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from Hispanic/Latino adults [n = 6189; Age: M= 63.

Associations between persistent organic pollutants and thyroid-related hormones and homeostasis parameters in middle-aged to older men and postmenopausal women: The HCHS/SOL.

Background: Previous research has yielded inconsistent results on associations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with thyroid hormones, which has been implicated in diabetes development. Studies specifically investigating associations with hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) homeostasis parameters or associations in postmenopausal women are limited.

Methods: Using baseline examination data between 2008 and 2011, we studied 1073 men and 716 postmenopausal women participating in an ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Association of epigenetic aging with plasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in Hispanic/Latino adults.

Background: Blood-based biomarkers hold significant promise for the early detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Age-related changes in blood levels of AD biomarkers are well-documented but poorly understood. Epigenetic clocks are mathematical models based on DNA methylation patterns that reflect various aspects of the multidimensional aging process.

Cumulative psychosocial factors and epigenetic age acceleration in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Hispanics/Latinos in the United States experience disproportionately high psychosocial factors compared to non-Hispanic/Latino Whites. Psychosocial factors may accelerate biological aging, measured by epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), a DNA methylation biomarker predictive of morbidity and mortality.

Methods: We investigated the cumulative impact of psychosocial factors on EAA over time in 922 adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Association of liver related biomarkers with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a population-based cohort study.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) increases risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite the high prevalence of MASLD among Hispanic populations, there is a scarcity of research on the associations between non-invasive markers of liver disease and incident CVD and all-cause mortality. In this study we investigated the association of liver related biomarkers with CVD events and all-cause mortality in a population based Hispanic/Latino cohort.

Differential performance of polygenic risk scores for heart disease in Hispanic/Latino subgroups: Findings of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States (US) whose underrepresentation in genomic research may worsen health disparities. We evaluated predictive performance of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for myocardial infarction (MI) using data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a cohort of 16,415 participants from 4 US centers. Standardized CHD-PRSs were derived (LDpred, AnnoPred, stacked clumping and thresholding, and LDPred2-GPSmult) and evaluated in survey-weighted Cox models for time to adjudicated MI, adjusted for age, sex, and first 5 principal components.

Neighborhood environment and incident diabetes, a neighborhood environment-wide association study ('NE-WAS'): Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing among the Hispanic/Latino population. Type 2 diabetes incidence rates vary between neighborhoods, but no single aspect of the neighborhood environment is known to cause type 2 diabetes. Using data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos cohort of 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults in four major US cities, we conducted a neighborhood environment-wide association study to identify neighborhood measures or clusters of measures associated with diabetes incidence.

Prevalence and Phenotype of Transthyretin Val122Ile Variant in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Hereditary transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy is commonly caused by the Val122Ile variant, a mutation found in non-Hispanic individuals of West African descent but understudied among the Hispanic/Latino (H/L) population, despite their admixed genetic ancestry (African ancestry [AA], European ancestry [EA], and Amerindian ancestry) and heterogeneous AA proportions within disaggregated backgrounds.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine Val122Ile variant prevalence among community-dwelling H/L adults and disaggregated background groups; to evaluate associations with genetic continental ancestry; and to characterize echocardiographic phenotype.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 12,687 H/L adults (aged 18-74) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos cohort (2008-2011), who consented to genome-wide studies and continental ancestry ascertainment.

Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of COPD in Adults Younger than 50 Years of Age.

Background: Identification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosed before 50 years of age ("young COPD") will help enable the study of preventive and therapeutic interventions for classically diagnosed COPD in later life. However, there remains uncertainty about the definition of young COPD and its prognostic significance.

Methods: We assessed the prevalence of young COPD, defined here as spirometric airflow obstruction plus symptoms of cough, phlegm, and dyspnea or 10 or more pack-years of smoking, among 18-to-49-year-old participants from four pooled, prospective U.

Self-Reported Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Identifying factors associated with resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic can inform targeted interventions and resource allocation for groups disproportionately affected by systemic inequities.

Objective: To examine factors associated with self-reported resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in racially and ethnically diverse, community-dwelling US adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R) study, which assessed the associations of the pandemic with self-reported resilience of participants from 14 established US prospective cohorts since January 2021.

Characterizing household food security status, perceived neighborhood food environment, and food shopping behaviors among caregivers of children in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Youth ancillary study (SOL Youth).

U.S. Hispanic/Latino households disproportionally experience food insecurity, which may intersect with their food environments and food shopping behaviors to shape diet and health, but more representative findings are needed.

Kidney function is associated with plasma ATN biomarkers among Hispanics/Latinos: SOL-INCA and HCHS/SOL results.

Background: Plasma amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) biomarker levels may be influenced by non-brain systems, such as kidney function, which could impact the interpretation of ATN biomarker results, particularly in groups like Hispanic/Latino individuals with higher rates of cardiometabolic health issues. Here, we examine the association between kidney function and plasma ATN markers among a diverse sample of Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the U.S.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses incorporating SNP-by-psychosocial interactions identify novel loci for serum lipids.

Serum lipid levels, which are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, are key determinants of cardiometabolic health and are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Improving our understanding of their underlying biological mechanisms can have important public health and therapeutic implications. Although psychosocial factors, including depression, anxiety, and perceived social support, are associated with serum lipid levels, it is unknown if they modify the effect of genetic loci that influence lipids.

Old vs. new local ancestry inference in HCHS/SOL: a comparative study.

Hispanic/Latino populations are admixed, with genetic contributions from multiple ancestral populations. To uncover genetic associations in these populations, researchers often turn to admixture mapping, which relies on inferred counts of "local" ancestry, i.e.

Built Environment Change over Time Using Google Street View Assessments of Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Cities.

Google Street View's historical imagery is a promising data source for measuring neighborhood conditions over time. However, images are not available for all years. To assess bias that may arise due to a mismatch between the year imagery is available and the year of researcher interest, we assessed prevalence of change in 20 commonly assessed built environment features between the oldest and newest available high-quality images (median difference 10.

Methylation risk score of C-reactive protein associates sleep health with related health outcomes.

C-reactive protein (CRP) reflects inflammation status and is linked to poor sleep, metabolic and cardiovascular health. Methylation (MRS) and polygenic risk scores (PRS) reflect long-term systemic inflammation, and genetically-determined CRP, respectively. To refine understanding of inflammation-linked sleep and health outcomes, we construct PRS-CRPs using GWAS summary statistics and a previously-developed MRS-CRP in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Kidney function and cognitive aging and impairment among diverse Hispanic/Latino individuals: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (HCHS/SOL).

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to examine associations between kidney disease and cognitive impairment among diverse middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino individuals.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2018, the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) enrolled diverse Hispanic/Latino individuals ages 50 years and older (n = 6377). Cognitive function, cognitive change, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were the primary outcomes.

Dietary patterns, serum metabolites, and risk of cardiovascular disease in United States Hispanic/Latino adults: a prospective analysis of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Healthy dietary patterns are recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the relationships among healthy dietary patterns, blood metabolite profile, and incident CVD are not well understood.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the associations of healthy dietary patterns and related serum metabolite profiles with incident CVD in United States Hispanic/Latino adults.

Methods: The study included 13,922 participants aged 18-74 y from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Differences across four major US urban areas in metabolic syndrome in the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth).

Background: Although Hispanic/Latino youth experience a high burden of cardiometabolic risk factors, few studies address regional differences.

Objective: We assessed differences between urban areas in metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic markers among US Hispanic/Latino youth and examined underlying factors explaining these differences.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of youth (n = 1466, aged 8-16 years) in four US urban areas (Chicago, Bronx, Miami and San Diego) of the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Histidine Metabolism Toward Imidazole Propionate Production in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To examine associations of serum imidazole propionate (ImP), histidine, and their ratio with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related dietary and gut microbial factors in U.S. Hispanic/Latino people.

Intergenerational upward educational mobility and cognitive performance: results from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Introduction: Upward educational attainment is associated with better cognitive function; differences by Hispanic/Latino heritage are unclear.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and its ancillary study SOL-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA; n = 3300) to compare cognitive function and 7-year cognitive change between first-generation and multigenerational high school (HS) graduates (i.e.

Genetic ancestry influences gene-environment interactions with sociocultural factors: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Often, studies will aggregate all participants identified as Hispanic/Latino, despite genetic and environmental substructures, preventing the meaningful interrogation of the roles of genetics and environment in human health. Using the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), we examined how self-identified background group and genetic ancestry influence gene-environment interactions between body mass index (BMI) and a polygenic score for BMI (PGS). Participants (n = 7,075) identified with six background groups: Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American.