Effect of ultrasound-assisted high-pressure treatment on taste-active compounds in bovine bone soup based on peptidomics analysis.

In recent years, ultrasonic-assisted technology has garnered significant attention for its potential to enhance flavor characteristics. However, the specific effects of ultrasound-assisted high-pressure processing treatment (UHBBS) on flavor development, particularly concerning taste-active compounds, remain insufficiently elucidated. This study innovatively applies UHBBS treatment to the boiling of bovine bone soup and utilizes peptidomics methods to investigate the effects of UHBBS on the composition of taste-active compounds and peptide profiles within the soup.

Study on the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of four polyphenolic compounds from perilla extract on advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

This study investigates the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanisms of major polyphenolic compounds in perilla extract on the formation of advanced glycation end products using a high-temperature in vitro glycation model. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry identified quercetin, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, sinapic acid, and other representative bioactive constituents in PE. These polyphenolic compounds significantly inhibited protein-bound Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (41.

Electrochemical Conversion of Low-Concentration CO Promoted by a Guanidine Polymer.

In situ electrocatalytic conversion of low-concentration carbon dioxide (CO) from anaerobic fermentation gas (AFG) into high-value chemical products can effectively mitigate the costs associated with carbon capture, enrichment, and transfer. In this study, we synthesized a guanidine-based porous organic polymer (G-POPs-1), which efficiently enriches and activates diluted CO to form a "carbon-pool". Subsequently, through indirect electromediated oxidation, the 4-pentenamine substrate underwent sequential cyclical reactions to produce proline carbamate.

Conformational evolution of protein fractions in chitosan-whey protein isolate coacervates as influenced by molecular weight of ligands for modulating pickering particle features.

Self-assembled complexes of chitosan (CS) and whey protein isolate (WPI) with varying molecular weights were prepared under ultrasound-driven conditions to explore their potential as Pickering particles for stabilizing emulsions. This study investigated how side-chain molecular characteristics and ligand-induced conformational changes of proteins influenced functional properties of the self-assembled protein-polysaccharide complexes. As the molecular weight of CS decreased within the supramolecular complex system, a greater degree of WPI unfolding was induced, leading to the formation of a more compact WPI-CS complex.

Outcomes of pediatric living donor liver transplantation using steatotic grafts: expanding the donor pool for rising MASLD prevalence.

Background: Pediatric living donor liver transplantation (PLDLT) is a life-saving option for children with end-stage liver diseases. However, the growing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) raises concerns regarding the use of steatotic donor grafts, particularly in vulnerable pediatric populations.

Methods: This study retrospectively investigated the impact of steatotic liver grafts on post-transplant outcomes in PLDLT recipients.

Recommendation on the use of viral load tests and exclusion of CD4 tests as proxies for HIV medical visits.

Objective: Medical providers may order CD4 tests for people with HIV (PWH) without providing HIV care. We hypothesized that including CD4 tests as a proxy for HIV medical visits misclassifies PWH on linkage to, receipt of, and retention in care.

Methods: We used 2021 HIV surveillance data from New York City for analysis and compared 2 proxies for HIV medical visits-one included the presence of either CD4 or viral load tests and the other included viral load tests-to measure linkage to care among people newly diagnosed with HIV and receipt of and retention in care among PWH.

[Simultaneous determination of 50 veterinary drug residues in fish， shrimp， and crabs using a composite purification column-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

China is the world's largest producer and consumer of aquatic products. Insecticides， as well as veterinary drugs， such as quinolones， macrolides， nitroimidazoles， sulfonamides， and amphenicols， are widely used in aquaculture. These compounds play crucial roles in preventing， controlling， and treating diseases in aquatic organisms， improving feed conversion rates， and promoting the healthy growth of farmed species.

Effect of Pulsed Electric Field Pretreatment on the Texture and Flavor of Air-Dried Duck Meat.

Pulsed electric field (PEF), a novel non-thermal processing technology, shows great potential in meat processing by regulating macromolecule metabolism and food quality. This study examined the effects of PEF pretreatment at varying electric field strengths (1, 2, and 3 kV/cm) and durations (30, 60, and 90 s) on the color, texture, moisture distribution, free amino acids, and flavor compounds in air-dried duck meat. PEF pretreatment significantly increased brightness ( < 0.

LC-MS/MS-Based Metabolomics and Multivariate Statistical Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Proteases on Myofibrillar Protein Degradation and the Evolution of Taste Compounds.

plays a key role in developing the taste of dry-cured ham, while the mechanism of proteases on myofibrillar protein (MP) hydrolysis and the evolution of taste substances has not been studied. The enzymatic characteristics, hydrolysis capacities for MPs, free amino acid contents, metabolite compositions, and taste attributes were investigated during the interactions of MPs and proteases. The proteases of (RE) and (RX) showed high hydrolytic activities at the conditions of pH 5.

Diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of acute rejection after liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation serves as a vital therapeutic intervention for individuals suffering from end-stage liver disease globally. A significant complication encountered by liver transplant recipients during the postoperative period is acute rejection, which has traditionally been identified through invasive graft biopsy procedures. Furthermore, assessing the immune status of liver transplant patients is essential for effective posttransplant management and represents a significant advancement toward the personalization of immunosuppressive therapy.

Ultrasonic irradiation as a potential volatile flavor tailoring tool for industrially manufactured food matrices: Controllable chemical disruption and interaction patterns shifting.

Ultrasound, a nonthermal processing technology, preserves food's nutritional value and organoleptic properties while inactivating microbes and enzymes. Despite minimal changes in volatile compounds during processing, recent studies have shown that ultrasound can accelerate the generation of flavor compounds by enhancing cavitation-induced chemical reactions. This process alters volatile flavor profiles and improves flavor perception through the breakdown of fats and proteins.

The effects of interleukin-21 in the biology of transplant rejection.

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses, affecting various immune cell types, including T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells. IL-21 is primarily produced by CD4+ T cells, particularly follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and Th17 cells, and has been shown to be extensively involved in regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. IL-21 is particularly significant in the differentiation, proliferation, and effector functions of T cells and B cells.

Young Adults With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Have an Increased Risk of Early-Onset Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study Differentiating the Risk of 23 Site-Specific Cancers.

Background And Aims: We investigated the association between subtypes of steatotic liver disease (SLD) and 23 site-specific cancers in a nationwide cohort of young Korean adults.

Methods: From a nationwide health screening database in Korea, 2,877,245 young adults 20-39 years of age between 2013 and 2014 were included and followed up until December 31, 2022. Individuals were categorized into non-SLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MASLD with increased alcohol intake (MetALD), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) groups.

IL-21R-Targeted Nano-immunosuppressant Prevents Acute Rejection in Allogeneic Transplantation by Blocking Maturation of T Follicular Helper Cells.

During organ transplantation, immune rejection is a primary cause of graft failure. In the underlying pathophysiology of rejection, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and interleukin-21 (IL-21) play pivotal roles. Tfh cells exacerbate the humoral immune response by promoting B cell differentiation and antibody production, which leads to damage of the transplanted tissue.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic alcohol-related liver disease, and incident dementia: a nationwide cohort study : MASLD, MetALD, and dementia risk.

Background: The relationship between the newly proposed steatotic liver disease (SLD) subtypes-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD)-and dementia is understudied. We evaluated the dementia risk associated with these subtypes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 296,001 participants aged over 60 who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2010.

Mechanistic insights into the modulation of myofibrillar protein microstructure and physicochemical properties in conditioned goose using pulsed electric field treatment.

Compact microstructure of goose myofibrillar proteins (MP) negatively affects texture and flavor properties, as thick, large myofibers result in lower tenderness and limited capacity to absorb water and flavor compounds. This study proposes a strategy to regulate the MP microstructure and physicochemical qualities of conditioned meat by altering protonation signaling during pulsed electric field (PEF) processing. The results demonstrated that enhanced protonation during PEF significantly improved the meat quality.

Phase I safety and tolerability dose escalation study of microencapsulated hepatocyte intraperitoneal transplantation therapy in adult patients with liver failure: a study protocol.

Introduction: China has a high prevalence of liver diseases, with about 300 million patients suffering from various types of liver diseases, where the incidence of severe liver diseases is 1%-3%. More than half a million people die from end-stage liver disease every year in China. In situ liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for liver failure, but only a limited number of patients undergo liver transplantation due to the shortage of donors.

The fabrication and intelligent evaluation for meat freshness of colorimetric hydrogels using zein and sodium alginate loading anthocyanin and curcumin: Stability and sensitivity to pH and volatile amines.

Intelligent packaging designed to detect food spoilage is receiving increasing attention, and pH-sensitive colorimetric hydrogels show great potential for monitoring food spoilage. The pH-sensitive colorimetric hydrogels incorporating dual indicators of anthocyanin (BA) and curcumin (CUR) were fabricated via the interactions of zein and sodium alginate (SA) to assess meat freshness. The effects of the addition ratios of BA and CUR on zein/sodium alginate hydrogels were characterized by morphological observation, structural analysis and cumulative release profiles, and the sensitivity of the colorimetric hydrogels was also evaluated.

Preclinical evaluation of AGT mRNA replacement therapy for primary hyperoxaluria type I disease.

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare inherited liver disorder caused by alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) dysfunction, leading to accumulation of glyoxylate which is then converted into oxalate. Excessive oxalate results in kidney damage due to deposition of oxalate crystals. We have developed an mRNA-based protein replacement therapy for PH1 to restore normal glyoxylate to glycine metabolism.

Chinese Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Orphan/Anticopper Drugs and Other Non-drug Management of Hepatolenticular Degeneration.

Background: This study aims to guide the diagnosis and treatment of hepatolenticular degeneration (also named Wilson's disease, WD) and aid multidisciplinary clinicians in making reasonable and personalized treatment regimens.

Objectives: The authors aim to establish a systemic structure for Chinese Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatolenticular Degeneration.

Method: We collaborated with experts from relevant branches of the Chinese Medical Association and multiple disciplines, along with statistical experts, to formulate this consensus.

T cell characteristics in individuals with different immune responses after hepatitis B vaccination.

Hepatitis B is a global public health concern. Inducing hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) through vaccination is a crucial preventive strategy. However, individuals show varying immune responses to the hepatitis B vaccine.

Cell therapies and liver organogenesis technologies: Promising strategies for end-stage liver disease.

End-stage liver disease represents a critical hepatic condition with high mortality, for which liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment. However, the scarcity of suitable donors results in numerous patients dying while awaiting transplantation. Novel strategies, including cell therapies and technologies mimicking liver organogenesis, offer promising alternatives for treating end-stage liver disease by potentially providing new sources of liver grafts.

Influence of salt solution on the physicochemical properties and in vitro/ in vivo expression of mRNA/LNP.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have revolutionized nucleic acid delivery, enabling significant advances in mRNA-based therapeutics. While extensive research has focused on lipid composition, the impact of preparation solutions on LNP performance remains underexplored. This study systematically investigated the effects of pH, salt type, and concentration across key preparation solutions-mRNA aqueous, dilution, exchange, and storage solutions-on the physicochemical properties, stability, and expression efficiency of SM102-based mRNA/LNPs.

Lactylation orchestrates ubiquitin-independent degradation of cGAS and promotes tumor growth.

Lactate extensively associates with metabolic reprogramming, signal transduction, and immune modulation. Nevertheless, the regulatory role of lactate in immune sensing of cytosolic DNA remains uncertain. Here, we report that lactate serves as an initiator to facilitate proteasomal degradation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) independent of ubiquitin, thus repressing the production of interferon and contributing to tumor growth.