A Clinicopathological Study of Marginal Gingival Leukoplakia.

Background: Marginal gingival leukoplakias are relatively uncommon and rarely discussed in the scientific literature. Studies suggest they are distinct from other leukoplakias due to aggressive behavior and a strong association with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with marginal gingival lesions.

Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Comprehensive Survey of Recognition, Training, and Practice.

Background: Oral and maxillofacial pathology (OMFP) is a dental specialty that studies the causes, processes, and effects of diseases in the oral and maxillofacial area, while also contributing to diagnosis and treatment. Its recognition, training, and professional practice vary across the globe. This study aimed to explore the training and professional development of OMFP in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), including important issues such as specialty recognition, service regulation, postgraduate education, number of specialists, career opportunities, and perceived barriers.

Malt lymphoma affecting the oral cavity: a clinical, pathologic and genetic study of malt 1 gene translocation.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of MALT Lymphoma affecting the oral cavity.

Methods: Oral pathology files of a Brazilian institution were searched for cases of oral MALT lymphoma. New H&E-stained slides and immunohistochemistry reactions were evaluated for diagnosis confirmation.

Experimental assessment of photodynamic therapy effects on 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis: Clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical analysis.

The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) during oral carcinogenesis using a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) rat model, which serves as a surrogate for tobacco-induced oral cancer. Forty male Wistar rats received 4NQO (25 ppm) in drinking water for either 12 or 20 weeks to induce oral lesions. Animals were divided into two groups: Control and PDT.

Odontogenic Sarcomas: Clinicopathologic Analysis and Immunohistochemical Expression of BRAF and SOX9 in a Multicenter Series of 10 Cases.

Introduction: Odontogenic sarcomas (OS) are rare malignant mixed odontogenic tumors featuring benign epithelial and malignant ectomesenchymal components.

Materials And Methods: Ten OS cases from seven Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology services were retrospectively reviewed (2000-2024), including clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical data (BRAF p.V600E and SOX9).

Scope of oral medicine practice in Brazil: a cross-sectional analysis of 10,569 patient consultations.

Objective: To characterize clinical practice at a reference Oral Medicine Service (OROCENTRO) of the Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Brazil, with an emphasis on patient medical profiles, diagnoses, diagnostic/treatment procedures, and follow-up, in order to increase the body of evidence in the literature on the scope of OM practice.

Study Design: This retrospective cross-sectional observational study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with STROBE guidelines. All patients seen for the first time during a 4-year period, as well as their follow-up consultations, were included.

Intraoral Basal Cell Carcinoma: Controversies and Insights From a Systematic Review.

Background: The existence of intraoral basal cell carcinoma (IOBCC) remains controversial, despite reported cases in the literature.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of four electronic databases and grey literature was conducted. Strict inclusion criteria were established to define a true case of IOBCC, including Ber-EP4 positivity to distinguish it from peripheral ameloblastoma and the absence of a history of skin lesions-either nearby, which could indicate direct infiltration, or at distant sites, which could suggest metastasis rather than a true primary IOBCC.

Automated classification of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma using a convolutional neural network framework: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) models hold promise as useful tools in healthcare practice. We aimed to develop and assess AI models for automatic classification of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) clinical images through a Deep Learning (DL) approach, and to explore explainability using Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM).

Methods: This study assessed a dataset of 778 clinical images of OPMD and OSCC, divided into training, model optimization, and internal testing subsets with an 8:1:1 proportion.

An Exuberant Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor in the Posterior Maxilla: A Case Report.

This case report presents a rare instance of a Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (CEOT) in the maxilla of a 52-year-old male, characterized by a painless, growing mass and facial asymmetry. Imaging revealed extensive involvement of the maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, pterygoid plate, and infraorbital margin. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis, showing polyhedral odontogenic epithelium with amyloid-like material.

Oral histiocytic sarcoma: A case report and literature review.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare and aggressive malignancy derived from mature histiocytes, accounting for less than 1% of hematologic disorders. Clinically, HS varies from localized disease with a solitary mass to disseminated disease, often associated with other hematolymphoid neoplasms. Its aggressive nature results in poor outcomes, with a median survival of six months in disseminated cases.

When the mouth speaks first: oral Burkitt lymphoma unmasks HIV in a young male.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma frequently associated with immunodeficiency states such as HIV infection. This case report describes a 27-year-old male from the Brazilian Amazon who presented with multiple ulcerated gingival swellings, leading to a diagnosis of BL based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. The tumor showed a diffuse proliferation of monomorphic medium-sized lymphoid cells with a characteristic starry-sky pattern and immunoreactivity for LCA, CD20, PAX-5, BCL-6, CD10, and MYC, with a Ki-67 index >95 %.

Development and validation of an artificial intelligence-based pipeline for predicting oral epithelial dysplasia malignant transformation.

Background: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a potentially malignant histopathological diagnosis given to lesions of the oral cavity that are at risk of progression to malignancy. Manual grading of OED is subject to substantial variability and does not reliably predict prognosis, potentially resulting in sub-optimal treatment decisions.

Method: We developed a Transformer-based artificial intelligence (AI) pipeline for the prediction of malignant transformation from whole-slide images (WSIs) of Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained OED tissue slides, named ODYN (Oral Dysplasia Network).

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the base of the tongue: A case report.

A 50-year-old male patient presented with a nodular lesion at the right base of the tongue. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathological evaluation revealed an ill-defined multicystic papillary proliferation of mucin-producing cells. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for CK7 and negative for CK20, p40, p63, SOX10, SMA, and calponin.

Oral and Maxillofacial Low-Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma: A Systematic Review.

Background: This systematic review (SR) aimed to summarize the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) in the oral and maxillofacial region (OMR), as well as treatment protocols, recurrence, follow-up, and metastasis rates. It follows PRISMA 2022 guidelines and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023409758).

Methods: An electronic search included PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases, and bias risk was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool.

First case report of oral histoplasmosis in a patient receiving Secukinumab (Cosentyx): opportunistic infections as complication of emerging immunomodulatory therapies.

Introduction: Histoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection that can manifest in immunosuppressed patients, particularly those on biologic therapies.

Case Report: This report presents a rare case of localized oral histoplasmosis in a 42-year-old Brazilian female undergoing treatment for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with Secukinumab (Cosentyx), an interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitor. The patient presented with a painful, irregular gingival ulcer persisting for 4 months.

New Insights into Ameloblastic Fibromas, Fibrodentinomas, and Fibro-Odontomas: Findings from an International Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Ameloblastic fibroma (AF), ameloblastic fibrodentinoma (AFD), and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) are rare mixed odontogenic tumors. While some authors propose that some cases may evolve into odontomas, other tumors with aggressive clinical features suggest a neoplastic origin. A subset of AF and AFD/AFO harbor the pathogenic BRAF p.

Wound healing and pain evaluation following diode laser surgery vs. conventional scalpel surgery in the surgical treatment of oral leukoplakia: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare patient-reported pain scores and clinician-assessed healing outcomes following the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL) with a diode laser vs. a conventional scalpel.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-7pgcyq) was conducted involving histopathologically confirmed OL patients.

Multimodal management of a persistent labial hemangioma: a case report.

Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that are relatively unusual in the oral cavity. The management of labial hemangiomas may be challenging for functional and esthetic reasons. In the present case, a 12-year-old boy with a large congenital hemangioma in the area of the upper lip was referred due to esthetic concerns and a history of treatment failure.

Clinicopathological Analysis of Oral Paracoccidioidomycosis in Women.

Unlabelled: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a deep systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. PCM affects predominantly men in their fifth and sixth decades of life, with low prevalence in women. The reasons for this discrepancy are not fully understood, but oestrogen may influence the transformation of the fungus and modulate the immune response.

Exploring mandibular buccal bifurcation cysts: a case series and a comprehensive literature review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the clinical and microscopic findings of mandibular buccal bifurcation cysts (MBBCs) in an original case series and to perform a literature review of this lesion.

Study Design: Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from patients microscopically diagnosed with MBBCs were retrieved from 4 oral and maxillofacial pathology archives. Data, including clinical, radiographic, and microscopic characteristics, treatments used, and follow-up status, were collected from the pathology records.

Calcifying odontogenic cyst: a detailed international multicentric study.

Objective: To elucidate the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of a large series of calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs).

Study Design: This was a multicenter cross-sectional retrospective study of seven oral pathology department laboratories from four countries. Clinical, demographic, and radiographic data of the patients were collected.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare applications targeting cancer diagnosis-part II: interpreting the model outputs and spotlighting the performance metrics.

Background: The lack of standardized performance assessment metrics and the inconsistent reporting of results can lead to the presentation of overly optimistic outcomes that fail to accurately represent key aspects of the Machine Learning framework and may not align with real-world clinical needs.

Methods: This conceptual review of the literature compiled the theoretical basis for performance analysis of binary and multiclass models.

Results: Accuracy and error rates are straightforward but not ideal if dataset is imbalanced.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare applications targeting cancer diagnosis-part I: data structure, preprocessing and data organization.

Background: Machine learning techniques hold significant potential to support the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. However, the success of these approaches is heavily dependent on rigorous data acquisition, preprocessing and data organization.

Methods: This article reviews the literature to evaluate key factors in dataset construction, focusing on data structure, preprocessing, and data organization, particularly in the context of imaging data.