Assessing the Carcinogenic Potential of PFOA: A Molecular Network Approach to Liver Toxicity.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a prototypical per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), is widely used in industrial and consumer products but is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the IARC due to its environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. PFOA primarily targets the liver, inducing stress responses and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, while promoting hepatoma cell proliferation through the mTOR pathway. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of PFOA-induced liver cancer (LIHC), we will use a network toxicology approach that integrates multi-omics data to construct a compound-target-disease network, focusing on potential targets like ALDH1B1, which encodes the aldehyde dehydrogenase family in the major pathway of alcohol metabolism.

Long-range proton transfer mechanism and fluorescence properties of HQBT chromophore: TD-DFT/CASSCF study.

Herein, the intramolecular long-range proton transfer reaction mechanism of the HQBT chromophore in different solvents is investigated employing density functional theory and complete active space self-consistent field methods. The results show that HQBT successfully undergoes the first excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) under photoexcitation. Subsequently, through the first cis-trans isomerization process of dihedral angle torsion, a minimum energy conical intersection (MECI) is formed between the ground state and the first excited state.

Astrocytes promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation via Cx47mediated regulation of exosomederived CHI3L1 secretion.

Objectives: Neurodegenerative diseases are closely associated with myelin loss, and the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are crucial to remyelination. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate how astrocytes (ASTs) regulate the secretion of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) via connexin 47 (Cx47)-mediated exosome signaling, and its subsequent effect on OPC proliferation.

Histopathological and ultrastructural changes in different cell types during ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Stroke is a disease of the central nervous system that leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality, along with limited treatment options. This condition is frequently linked to pathologic alterations at the ultrastructural level within diverse neuronal components, including cell bodies, neurites, and synapses, as well as in glial cells like astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. These changes include alterations in the shape and size of cell bodies, disruption of neurites, and changes in the density and distribution of synapses.

Study on the factors influencing the impaired abilities of daily living in middle-aged and older adult arthritis patients based on binary logistic regression and categorical decision tree model.

Background: Arthritis is the most disabling disease worldwide, and the presence of the disease usually greatly threatens the patient's activities of daily living (ADL). Currently, there are a few studies that are related to exploring factors associated with impaired ADL in middle-aged and older adult arthritis patients. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with impaired ADL in Chinese middle-aged and older adult patients through logistic regression and decision tree models.

Spatiotemporal transcriptomic maps of mouse intracerebral hemorrhage at single-cell resolution.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a prevalent disease with high mortality. Despite advances in clinical care, the prognosis of ICH remains poor due to an incomplete understanding of the complex pathological processes. To address this challenge, we generated single-cell-resolution spatiotemporal transcriptomic maps of the mouse brain following ICH.

Humanized rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases and other brain disorders.

Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases significantly affect human health. However, replicating the onset, progression, and pathology of these diseases in rodents is challenging. To address this issue, researchers have developed humanized animal models.

Is Prior Nonoperative or Operative Treatment of Dysplasia of the Hip Associated With Poorer Results of Periacetabular Osteotomy?

Background: Understanding the implications of either nonoperative or operative treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) performed before periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is critical to counseling patients and their families. There are limited studies, however, on PAO for the treatment of residual DDH after surgical intervention during childhood, and even less information about PAO after prior nonoperative treatment.

Questions/purposes: We analyzed patients who had undergone PAO for DDH and asked: Did patients with prior childhood treatment (either operative or nonoperative) (1) improve less in modified Harris hip score (mHHS), 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) score, or WOMAC score; (2) demonstrate more severe preoperative deformities; and (3) receive less complete radiographic correction and have more frequent complications than did patients whose hips had not undergone prior treatment? We also asked: (4) Were there subgroup differences among patients with DDH treated nonoperatively versus operatively before PAO in these same functional and radiographic parameters?

Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2020, a total of 90 PAOs were performed in 82 patients who had prior surgical or nonsurgical treatment.

Nanozymes: Potential Therapies for Reactive Oxygen Species Overproduction and Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury.

Nanozymes, which can selectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), have recently emerged as promising candidates for treating ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in preclinical models. ROS overproduction during the early phase of these diseases leads to oxidative brain damage, which has been a major cause of mortality worldwide. However, the clinical application of ROS-scavenging enzymes is limited by their short in vivo half-life and inability to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Effect of CO-HO Interaction with High-Rank Coal on Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Characteristics under Confining Pressure.

The adsorption of CO by coal leads to changes in its mechanical properties, particularly when considering supercritical CO and water with supercritical CO adsorption. This is strongly linked to the efficiency of CO-enhanced coalbed methane (CO-ECBM) extraction and the safety of CO geological storage. This study focuses on 3 coal from the Datong Mine in Gaoping City, Shanxi Province.

Lake shrinkage-induced terrestrial ecological environmental quality degradation in a semiarid lake basin.

Lake water environmental problems caused by lake shrinkage in semiarid zones have attracted widespread attention, but few studies have quantified the impact of lake shrinkage on the terrestrial ecological environmental quality of watersheds. In this study, remote sensing image inversion, digital elevation modeling, and statistical analysis were applied to explore the impact of Lake Daihai shrinkage on the terrestrial ecological environmental quality of its receding water areas from 1986 to 2019. The results showed that the area of Lake Daihai shrank from 170.

A novel fluorescent dye selectively images and kills cancer stem cells by targeting mitochondria: Evidence from a cell line‑based zebrafish xenograft model.

Numerous agents such as near-infrared dyes that are characterized by specialized cancer imaging and cytotoxicity effects have key roles in cancer diagnosis and therapy via molecularly targeting special biological tissues, organelles and processes. In the present study, a novel fluorescent compound was demonstrated to inhibit cancer cell proliferation in a zebrafish model with slight toxicity. Further studies demonstrated selective staining of cancer cells and even putative cancer stem cells via accumulation of the dye in the mitochondria of cancer cells, compared with normal cells.

Sanguinarine suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma inhibiting mTOR signaling.

Objective: To confirm the anti-NPC effect of sanguinarine (SA) through a series of wet experiments.

Methods: NPC cell viability was determined by proliferation experiment. Cell clone formation experiment, cell scratch test, transwell migration and invasion experiment and flow cytometry-based cell apoptosis assay were further performed.

Astrocytes promote the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells through connexin 47-mediated LAMB2 secretion in exosomes.

Background: Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) can proliferate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes, the only myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system. Proliferating OPCs promotes remyelination in neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes (ASTs) are the most widespread cells in the brain and play a beneficial role in the proliferation of OPCs.

Inverse association between body mass index and all-cause mortality in rural chinese adults: 15-year follow-up of the Anqing cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality in a Chinese rural population.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: This study was conducted from 2003 to 2018 in Anqing, Anhui Province, China.

Cigarette smoking and all-cause mortality in rural Chinese male adults: 15-year follow-up of the Anqing cohort study.

Background: According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, smoking is one of the leading four risk factors contributing to deaths in China. We aimed to evaluate the associations of smoking with all-cause mortality in a Chinese rural population.

Methods: Male participants over age 45 (n = 5367) from a large familial aggregation study in rural China, were included in the current analyses.

Post-fire invasion risk of Chinese tallow () in a slash pine flatwood ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain, United States: mechanisms and contributing factors at the community level.

The invasion of Chinese tallow ( (L.) Small) is a serious threat to the endangered slash pine () flatwood ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain, United States. Prescribed fire in combination with vegetation management has been suggested as a preferred approach for mitigating Chinese tallow invasion and restoring this endangered ecosystem.

Association Between Fasting Blood Glucose and All-Cause Mortality in a Rural Chinese Population: 15-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study.

Introduction: The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has been increasing for decades; diabetes can lead to serious health problems and even death, but the effects of maintaining low fasting blood glucose (FBG) remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between FBG levels and all-cause mortality in a long-term follow-up cohort and to find a relatively safe range of FBG levels.

Methods: This study included 17,902 adults from a community-based cohort study in rural China who were prospectively followed from 2003 to 2018.

Astrocytes increase exosomal secretion of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to promote their proliferation via integrin β4-mediated cell adhesion.

Many degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with demyelination. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are potential stem cells that can differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs) and promote myelination. Promoting the proliferation of OPCs is key to stimulating remyelination and treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Contrasting effects of iron reduction on thionation of diphenylarsinic acid in a biostimulated Acrisol.

Diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) is an emerging phenylarsenic compound derived from chemical warfare agents. It has been suggested that biostimulation of sulfate reduction decreases the concentrations of DPAA in soils. However, biostimulation often induces Fe(III) reduction which may affect the mobility and thereby the transformation of DPAA.