Rational Coordination Engineering of Fe-Co Dual-Atom Catalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction via Synergistic Electronic Modulation.

The development of efficient dual-atom catalysts (DACs) requires an atomic-level understanding on the microscopic coordination environment that is hard to characterize experimentally. Herein we rationally design DACs with diverse Fe-Co/NO configurations, among which the NNOONO-coordinated configuration is identified to exhibit superior stability and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity based on first-principles calculations. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the ORR is triggered by side-on adsorption of O on the Co site, enabled by strong hybridization between Co 3d orbitals and O π* antibonding states.

Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search for Remote Sensing Image Classification.

Remote sensing scene classification is a vital task in remote sensing image analysis with significant application potential. In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods have shown remarkable promise in classifying remote sensing scene images. However, these methods often require extensive trial and error and rely heavily on expert knowledge.

China's SO emission reductions enhance atmospheric ozone-driven sulfate aerosol production in East Asia.

Reduction of China's SO emissions has been found to nonlinearly decrease the atmospheric sulfate (SO) aerosol concentrations in East Asia. Compared to Europe and North America, the lower effectiveness of SO reduction in East Asia suggested much effects of "acidity-sensitive" feedback mechanisms in this high anthropogenic emission region, which have not been yet examined. In this work, we investigated these feedback mechanisms in East Asia through long-term measurements of the mass-independent oxygen-17 anomaly (ΔO) in sulfate aerosols, machine learning and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model.

Grouped Vector Autoregression Reservoir Computing Based on Randomly Distributed Embedding for Multistep-Ahead Prediction.

As an efficient recurrent neural network (RNN), reservoir computing (RC) has achieved various applications in time-series forecasting. Nevertheless, a poorly explained phenomenon remains as to why the RC and deep RCs succeed in handling time-series prediction despite completely randomized weights. This study tries to generate a grouped vector autoregressive RC (GVARC) time-series forecasting model based on the randomly distributed embedding (RDE) theory.

First report of sp. and in raptors.

Introduction: . and are common zoonotic pathogens threatening human and animal health. These parasites are widely distributed in birds, and substantial research on their prevalence has been conducted.

Evaluation of global distribution, genetic evolution, and mammalian infectivity and pathogenicity of H13 and H16 avian influenza viruses.

H13 and H16 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) typically infect , are widely distributed throughout coastal regions worldwide, and pose a risk of spill-over to mammals. Systematic research on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and biological characteristics of these subtypes remains limited. To address this gap, we analyzed 20 years of wild bird influenza surveillance data from China integrated with global influenza database information to reconstruct the global spatiotemporal distribution, transmission dynamics and public health implications of H13 and H16.

Manipulations of a transmon qubit with a null-biased electro-optic fiber link.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of superconducting quantum circuits, particularly in improving the complexity of quantum processors for large-scale quantum computing and quantum simulation tasks. To enable the execution of quantum information processing tasks on large-scale quantum circuits containing millions of qubits, it is essential to minimize thermal effects on control and measurement lines, ensuring that circuit components are superconducting and that qubits are not significantly thermally excited. Recent studies have shown that a quadrature-biased electro-optic fiber link can operate qubits with a much reduced thermal load, thereby facilitating the simultaneous operation of a large number of qubits.

Genomic exploration of the endangered oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana, sheds light on migration adaptation and future conservation.

Background: The oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana, is an endangered migratory bird listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List. The bird population has experienced a rapid decline in the past decades, with nest locations and stop-over sites largely degraded due to human-bird conflicts. Multipronged conservation efforts are required to secure the future of oriental storks.

Effect of microwaves combined with peracetic acid to improve the dewatering performance of residual sludge.

The activated sludge process plays a crucial role in modern wastewater treatment plants. During the treatment of daily sewage, a large amount of residual sludge is generated, which, if improperly managed, can pose burdens on the environment and human health. Additionally, the highly hydrated colloidal structure of biopolymers limits the rate and degree of dewatering, making mechanical dewatering challenging.

First complete genomic sequence analysis of canine distemper virus in wild boar.

• The first complete genomic sequence of canine distemper virus from wild boar in northeast China was obtained. • Phylogenetic analysis showed that this wild boar CDV strain belongs to the Arctic lineage. • Wild boars in northeast China have detectable level of anti-CDV neutralizing antibodies, with a positive percentage of 18.

Fossil and Nonfossil Sources of Winter Organic Aerosols in the Regional Background Atmosphere of China.

Carbonaceous aerosols (CA) from anthropogenic emissions have been significantly reduced in urban China in recent years. However, the relative contributions of fossil and nonfossil sources to CA in rural and background regions of China remain unclear. In this study, the sources of different carbonaceous fractions in fine aerosols (PM) from five background sites of the China Meteorological Administration Atmosphere Watch Network during the winter of 2019 and 2020 were quantified using radiocarbon (C) and organic markers.

[Emission Factors of Carbonaceous Aerosol and Stable Carbon Isotope for In-use Vehicles].

Vehicle exhaust is an important anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols; of which, the emission factors and stable carbon isotope composition are important basic data. In-use motor vehicles of different types were selected to conduct dynamometer tests using different test cycles and under cold/hot start conditions. The exhaust of each test stage was collected to analyze the carbonaceous components and stable carbon isotopes and to discuss the influencing factors.

Regional PM pollution confined by atmospheric internal boundaries in the North China Plain: Analysis based on surface observations.

There are plenty of mesoscale meteorological discontinuities in the atmosphere, acting as atmospheric internal boundaries (AIBs). In conjunction with the atmospheric boundary layer in the vertical direction, they form confined three-dimensional structures that significantly affect air pollution. However, the role of AIBs in regional pollution has not been systematically elucidated.

Efficient Preconstruction of Three-Dimensional Graphene Networks for Thermally Conductive Polymer Composites.

Electronic devices generate heat during operation and require efficient thermal management to extend the lifetime and prevent performance degradation. Featured by its exceptional thermal conductivity, graphene is an ideal functional filler for fabricating thermally conductive polymer composites to provide efficient thermal management. Extensive studies have been focusing on constructing graphene networks in polymer composites to achieve high thermal conductivities.

First detection and genomic characterization of a new parvovirus in equines in China.

Equine copivirus (EqCoPV) is a newly discovered parvovirus that infects equines. Currently, it is unclear whether this virus is prevalent in China. In the present study, serum samples were collected from equines in China and were processed for EqCoPV DNA detection by PCR.

Anthropogenic Emission Sources of Sulfate Aerosols in Hangzhou, East China: Insights from Isotope Techniques with Consideration of Fractionation Effects between Gas-to-Particle Transformations.

Sulfate (SO) is a major species in atmospheric fine particles (PM), inducing haze formation and influencing Earth's climate. In this study, the δS values in PM sulfate (δS-SO) were measured in Hangzhou, east China, from 2015 September to 2016 October. The result showed that the δS-SO values varied from 1.

Impacts of chemical degradation of levoglucosan on quantifying biomass burning contribution to carbonaceous aerosols: A case study in Northeast China.

Biomass burning (BB) is an important source of carbonaceous aerosols in Northeast China (NEC). Quantifying the original contribution of BB to organic carbon (OC) [BB-OC] can provide an essential scientific information for the policy-makers to formulate the control measures to improve the air quality in the NEC region. Daily PM samples were collected in the rural area of Changchun city over the NEC region from May 2017 to May 2018.

Formation Mechanisms and Source Apportionments of Airborne Nitrate Aerosols at a Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau Site: Insights from Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions.

Formation pathways and sources of atmosphere nitrate (NO) have attracted much attention as NO had detrimental effects on Earth's ecosystem and climate change. Here, we measured nitrogen (δN-NO) and oxygen (δO-NO and ΔO-NO) isotope compositions in nitrate aerosols at the Qomolangma station (QOMS) over the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau (HTP) to quantify the formation mechanisms and emission sources of nitrate at the background site. At QOMS, the enhanced NO concentrations were observed in the springtime.

Relationships between shear strength parameters and microstructure of alkaline-contaminated red clay.

The leachate (pH = 14) from alumina production changes the mechanical properties of red clay, and the shear strength parameters of the system vary due to the multiple-dimensional interactions of the microscopic parameters. In this paper, the alumina production liquid and the concentrations of the NaOH solution were designed to contaminate the red clay during 80 days. The cohesion and friction angle of the alkaline-contaminated red clay were obtained from direct shear tests.

An enhanced expression of hypothalamic neuronal nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of simulated transport stress.

Background: Transport stress not only causes physiological changes but also induces behavioral responses, including anxiety-like and depression-like behavioral responses in animals. The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) plays a pivotal role in transport stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute transport stress on the expression of nNOS and the distribution of nNOS-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus in rats and to explore the neuroendocrine mechanism of transport stress.

An integrated laser system for the cold atom clock.

We demonstrate an integrated laser system for the mobile integrating sphere cold atom clock. Three distributed Bragg reflector diode lasers (780 nm) with custom drive circuits are used for the cooling, repumping, pumping, and probe lights. Automatic frequency-locking and relocking of the laser are presented.

Hierarchical mesoporous cobalt silicate architectures as high-performance sulfate-radical-based advanced oxidization catalysts.

Self-sacrificial biomass-derived silica is a rising and promising approach to fabricate large metal silicates, which are practical water treatment agents ascribed for easy sedimentation and separation. However, the original biomass architecture is difficult to be maintained and utilized. Furthermore, sufficient ion diffusion pathways need to be created to satisfy massive mass transport in large bulk materials.