Adaptive exponential weighted composite sliding mode-based direct yaw moment control for four-wheel independently actuated autonomous vehicles.

This paper introduces a novel Direct Yaw Moment Control (DYC) scheme for autonomous vehicles with Four-Wheel Independent Actuation (FWIA). In the upper-layer control strategy, an Adaptive Exponential Weighted Composite Sliding Mode Controller (AEWC-SMC) is proposed by incorporating a nonlinear weighting factor into the sliding mode surface and designing a composite reaching law. For the lower-layer torque allocation, a Dynamic Weight Minimum Energy Allocation (DWMEA) method is developed, which achieves optimal four-wheel torque distribution without iterative computation.

Rapid detection of plasma exosomal LncRNA CASC9 for HCC using RT-RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection is essential for improving patient outcomes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plasma exosomes have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers.

The / and / Alleles, Both Individually and in Combination, Can Significantly Distinguish Rice Germplasm Quality.

As living standards rise, there has been a growing emphasis on quality traits related to rice's taste potential. Recent studies explored correlations among quality traits, but the influence of major genes governing a specific quality trait on other quality traits remains elusive. Here, we report on the application of grain quality genes, two of () and , which dominates in rice cooking and eating quality, and two grain length/width-related genes, () and (), on appearance quality traits.

Enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling due to embedded spheroid fluidization.

Embedding a collective of tumor cells, i.e. a tumor spheroid, in a fibrous environment, such as a collagen network, provides an essential platform to investigate the biophysical mechanisms of tumor invasion.

Impact of admission-blood-glucose-to-albumin ratio on all-cause mortality and renal prognosis in critical patients with coronary artery disease: insights from the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: Blood glucose and serum albumin have been associated with cardiovascular disease prognosis, but the impact of admission-blood-glucose-to-albumin ratio (AAR) on adverse outcomes in critical ill coronary artery disease (CAD) patients was not investigated.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with CAD were non-consecutively selected from the MIMIC-IV database and categorized into quartiles based on their AAR. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality, and secondary endpoints were in-hospital mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Harmful algal bloom species releases thiamin antivitamins to suppress competitors.

In environmental ecosystems, vitamin concentrations are often exceedingly low, and auxotrophy, or reliance on exogenous vitamins or vitamin precursors, is widespread. We show here that the widespread harmful algal bloom (HAB) species threatening freshwater aquatic ecosystems globally, releases a complex mixture of thiamin antivitamins, including bacimethrin and methoxythiamin, which induce thiamin deficiency in the model green alga . Putative biosynthetic genes for bacimethrin were upregulated in when grown in co-culture, resulting in a greater production of bacimethrin.

Activation of O within confined ultramicropores of carbon electrocatalyst for enhanced electrochemical oxidation of water contaminants.

Electrochemical oxidation is effective for water decontamination, but its large-scale application is constrained by high energy demands. This work addresses this challenge by developing an ultramicroporous carbon (UMC) electrocatalyst to effectively activate molecular oxygen (O) for assisting the electrochemical oxidation of contaminants. Participation of O switches the electrochemical oxidation pathway of 2,4-dichlorophenol from polymerization to degradation, allowing its deep mineralization at low potentials.

High efficiency rare earth element bioleaching with systems biology guided engineering of Gluconobacter oxydans.

Biological methods are a promising route for the environmentally-friendly production of rare earth elements (REE), which are essential for sustainable energy and defense technologies. In earlier work we identified the key genetic mechanisms contributing to the REE-bioleaching capability of Gluconobacter oxydans B58. Here we have targeted two of these mechanisms to generate a high-efficiency bioleaching strain of G.

Direct genome-scale screening of Gluconobacter oxydans B58 for rare earth element bioleaching.

The transition to a sustainable energy economy will require an enormous increase in the supply of rare earth elements (REEs). Bioleaching offers a promising alternative to conventional hydrometallurgical methods for REE extraction from low-grade ores. However, exploiting this potential remains challenging due to large gaps in our understanding of the genetics involved, and inadequate biological tools to address them.

Estrogen-induced FXR1 promotes endocrine resistance and bone metastasis in breast cancer via BCL2 and GPX4.

Estrogen signaling dysregulation plays a critical role in the development of anti-estrogen resistance and bone metastasis of ER+ mammary carcinoma. Using quantitative proteomic screening, we identified FXR1 as an estrogen-regulated RNA-binding protein associated with anti-estrogen resistance. Mechanistically, estrogen and IGF1 facilitate FXR1 protein translation via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/EIF4E pathway.

Research Progress of Liver Cancer Recurrence Based on Energy Metabolism of Liver Cancer Stem Cells.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the recurrence and progression of liver cancer by focusing on the energy metabolism of liver cancer stem cells.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including CNKI, PubMed, Wanfang, and Citexs to analyze the etiology and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the factors and mechanisms contributing to HCC recurrence, and the impact of energy metabolism in HCC stem cells on the development of HCC. Furthermore, the association between HCC recurrence and the energy metabolism of HCC stem cells was examined.

Advances and challenges in cell therapy for neuropathic pain based on mesenchymal stem cells.

Neuropathic pain (NPP) is caused by damage to the somatosensory nervous system. Its prominent symptoms are spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and abnormal pain. This pain is long-lasting and unbearable, seriously affecting the patient's quality of life.

NH-MIL-125 Nanosheets Prepared via Crystallization Kinetics Modulation for Ultrathin Membrane Fabrication.

Regulating both crystallographic orientation and thickness of titanium metal-organic framework (Ti-MOF) membranes remains a significant challenge. In this study, we pioneered the fabrication of uniform 29 nm thick NH-MIL-125 nanosheet seeds by employing crystallization kinetics modulation approach. Through innovating confined counter-diffusion-assisted epitaxial growth under single-mode microwave heating, a highly -oriented 80 nm thick NH-MIL-125 membrane was prepared.

Progress in the Study of Intratumoral Microorganisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The intratumoral microbiota, an integral part of liver tumors, has garnered significant attention from researchers due to its role in tumor development regulation and impact on cancer treatment. Intratumoral microorganism not only influences tumorigenesis and progression, but also serves as potential biomarkers and targets for tumor therapy. Targeted manipulation of these microorganisms holds great promise for personalized liver cancer treatment.

Enhanced engraftment of human haematopoietic stem cells via mechanical remodelling mediated by the corticotropin-releasing hormone.

The engraftment of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), particularly in cord-blood transplants, remains challenging. Here we report the role of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in enhancing the homing and engraftment of human-cord-blood HSPCs in bone marrow through mechanical remodelling. By using microfluidics, intravital two-photon imaging and long-term-engraftment assays, we show that treatment with CRH substantially enhances HSPC adhesion, motility and mechanical remodelling, ultimately leading to improved bone-marrow homing and engraftment in immunodeficient mice.

Supercritical Ethane Processing of ZIF-8 Membranes towards Pressure-Resistant CH/CH Separation.

ZIF-8 membranes have shown great promise in industrial-scale CH/CH separation. Nonetheless, sustainable preparation of pressure-resistant ZIF-8 membranes remains a grand challenge. In this study, we pioneered the use of supercritical ethane (scCH) as reaction medium for preparing pressure-resistant ZIF-8 membranes.

Identification of CD44 as a key engager to hyaluronic acid-rich extracellular matrices for cell traction force generation and tumor invasion in 3D.

Mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) critically regulate a number of important cell functions including growth, differentiation and migration. Type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are two primary components of ECMs that contribute to mammalian tissue mechanics, with the collagen fiber network sustaining tension, and GAGs withstanding compression. The architecture and stiffness of the collagen network are known to be important for cell-ECM mechanical interactions via cell surface adhesion receptor integrin.

Exogenous Brassinolide Ameliorates the Adverse Effects of Gamma Radiation Stress and Increases the Survival Rate of Rice Seedlings by Modulating Antioxidant Metabolism.

Gamma irradiation-based mutant creation is one of the most important methods for rice plant mutagenesis breeding and molecular biology research. Although median lethal dose irradiation severely damages rice seedlings, applying brassinolide (BR) can increase the survival rate of irradiated seedlings. In this study, we investigated the effects of soaking seeds in solutions containing different BR concentrations (0.

The Fanconi anemia pathway induces chromothripsis and ecDNA-driven cancer drug resistance.

Chromothripsis describes the catastrophic shattering of mis-segregated chromosomes trapped within micronuclei. Although micronuclei accumulate DNA double-strand breaks and replication defects throughout interphase, how chromosomes undergo shattering remains unresolved. Using CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we identify a non-canonical role of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway as a driver of chromothripsis.

Dixon-based B self-navigation in radial stack-of-stars multi-echo gradient echo imaging.

Purpose: To develop a Dixon-based self-navigation approach to estimate and correct temporal variations in radial stack-of-stars gradient echo imaging for quantitative body MRI.

Methods: The proposed method estimates temporal variations using a self-navigator estimated by a graph-cut-based water-fat separation algorithm on the oversampled k-space center. The self-navigator was employed to correct for phase differences between radial spokes (one-dimensional [1D] correction) and to perform a motion-resolved reconstruction to correct spatiotemporal pseudo-periodic variations (three-dimensional [3D] correction).

Decoding physical principles of cell migration under controlled environment using microfluidics.

Living cells can perform incredible tasks that man-made micro/nano-sized robots have not yet been able to accomplish. One example is that white blood cells can sense and move to the site of pathogen attack within minutes. The robustness and precision of cellular functions have been perfected through billions of years of evolution.

Anti-CTLA-4 m2a Antibody Exacerbates Cardiac Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis Mice By Promoting Ccl5-Neutrophil Infiltration.

The risk for suffering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-associated myocarditis increases in patients with pre-existing conditions and the mechanisms remain to be clarified. Spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, and flow cytometry are used to decipher how anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 m2a antibody (anti-CTLA-4 m2a antibody) aggravated cardiac injury in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) mice. It is found that anti-CTLA-4 m2a antibody increases cardiac fibroblast-derived C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (Cxcl1), which promots neutrophil infiltration to the myocarditic zones (MZs) of EAM mice via enhanced Cxcl1-Cxcr2 chemotaxis.

Impact of baseline adipose tissue characteristics on change in adipose tissue volume during a low calorie diet in people with obesity-results from the LION study.

Background/objectives: Weight loss outcomes vary individually. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based evaluation of adipose tissue (AT) might help to identify AT characteristics that predict AT loss. This study aimed to assess the impact of an 8-week low-calorie diet (LCD) on different AT depots and to identify predictors of short-term AT loss using MRI in adults with obesity.

Identification and Functional Analysis of Family Genes Associated with Salt Stress in Rice.

Salinity stress has a great impact on crop growth and productivity and is one of the major factors responsible for crop yield losses. The K-homologous (KH) family proteins play vital roles in regulating plant development and responding to abiotic stress in plants. However, the systematic characterization of the family in rice is still lacking.