A novel mycotoxin-degrading enzyme complex can biodegrade AFB, DON, and ZEN co-contamination in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

A novel mycotoxin-degrading enzyme complex (MDE), developed via a microcapsule coating process and containing three degrading enzymes, exhibits the ability to biodegrade aflatoxin B (AFB), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of MDE against AFB, DON, and ZEN through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro simulated digestion experiments revealed that the MDE degraded the concentrations of AFB, DON, and ZEN by 76.

Validation with the Dynamic Prediction Model of Protein and Amino Acid Requirements for Growth Performance and Health in Layer Chicks.

This study evaluated an established dynamic prediction model for protein and amino acid nutritional requirements on growth performance and health in layer chicks. A total of 288 one-day-old healthy Jing Tint 6 chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 6 replicates of 12 chicks each. The chicks in the four groups were fed a basal diet (BD) according to the feeding standards and a model diet (MD) based on the dynamic prediction model for protein and amino acid values at 90%, 100%, or 110% for 6 weeks.

Dietary Supplementation of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots Protective Against Induced Negative Effects in Broilers.

is a major cause of necrotizing enteritis in chickens. This study aimed to investigate the effects of zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO-QDs) on growth performance, redox status, and gut microbiota in broilers challenged with . A total of 320 1-day-old chicks were divided into five groups: negative control (NC) without treatment; positive control (PC) infected with ; and the other three groups (40, 80, and 120 Zn) were given ZnO-QDs at doses of 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, respectively, under infection, respectively.

AMPK-mediated energy metabolism disorders are associated with impaired type IIB muscle fiber regeneration in broiler chickens with wooden breast myopathy.

Wooden breast (WB) myopathy is a myodegenerative muscle disease, in which muscle regeneration is also commonly observed, and has been increasingly reported in fast-growing broilers in recent years. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of energy metabolism abnormalities on muscle regeneration in WB. A total of 300 male Ross 308 broilers were evaluated at 42 days of age based on physical and biochemical examinations to classify the severity of WB.

Hydroxy-Selenomethionine Supplementation During Gestation and Lactation Improve Reproduction of Sows by Enhancing the Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Under Heat Stress Conditions.

The objective of this study was to determine whether hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) exerts better protective effects on sows against heat stress than sodium selenite (SeNa) or seleno-yeast (SeY). A total of 60 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allocated into the three groups and fed a base diet supplemented with SeNa, SeY, or OH-SeMet at 0.3 mg Se/kg under a heat stress condition for a reproductive cycle.

Hepatoprotective effects of dandelion against AFB-induced liver injury are associated with activation of bile acid-FXR signaling in chicks.

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dandelion against AFB-induced hepatotoxicity through the regulation of the FXR signaling pathway in chicks. A total of 144 one-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to three groups and received a basal diet (BD), and BD supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg of AFB or 0.

Natural Phenolic Compounds against Trichothecenes: From Protective Mechanisms to Future Perspectives.

Trichothecenes (TCNs), -derived mycotoxins exemplified by deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin, threaten global health through multisystem toxicity and widespread contamination. Natural phenolic compounds (NPCs), leveraging their intrinsic safety and natural abundance, demonstrate multimechanistic efficacy in counteracting TCN toxicity. This article reviews both domestic and international research on the protective mechanisms of NPCs against TCN-induced toxicity.

T-2 toxin-induced splenic injury by disrupting the gut microbiota-spleen axis via promoting IL-6/JAK/STAT1 signaling-mediated inflammation and apoptosis and its mitigation by elemental nano-selenium.

T-2 toxin is one of the most toxic A trichothecene mycotoxins prevalent in the environment and food chain, which brings severe health hazards to both animals and humans and it can significantly damage immune function. In this study, we comprehensively explained the impact of T-2 toxin on the spleen through gut microbiota-spleen axis by integrating the transcriptome and microbiome. Our results revealed that dietary T-2 toxin ≥ 1.

A novel zearalenone lactonase can effectively mitigate zearalenone-induced reproductive toxicity in gilts.

Zymdetox Z-2000 is a novel zearalenone (ZEN) lactonase produced by Bacillus subtilis that can biodegrade ZEN to hydrolyzed ZEN and decarboxylated hydrolyzed ZEN with much lower estrogenic activity. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Zymdetox Z-2000 in mitigating the adverse effects of ZEN on the growth performance and reproductive health of gilts. A total of 80 crossbred Landrace × Yorkshire gilts (9.

Comprehensive cultivation of the broiler gut microbiota guides bacterial isolation from chickens.

Chicken gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining their physiological health. However, the cultivability of chicken gut microbiota is not well understood, limiting the exploration of certain key gut bacteria in regulating intestinal health and nutritional metabolism. This study aimed to examine the cultivability of chicken cecal microbiota and to provide guidance for future chicken gut microbiota cultivation.

Poultry Nutrition: Achievement, Challenge, and Strategy.

Poultry, a vital economic animal, provide a high-quality protein source for human nutrition. Over the past decade, the poultry industry has witnessed substantial achievements in breeding, precision feeding, and welfare farming. However, there are still many challenges restricting the sustainable development of the poultry industry.

SENP1 mediates zinc-induced ZnT6 deSUMOylation at Lys-409 involved in the regulation of zinc metabolism in Golgi apparatus.

Zinc (Zn) transporters contribute to the maintenance of intracellular Zn homeostasis in vertebrate, whose activity and function are modulated by post-translational modification. However, the function of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMOylation) in Zn metabolism remains elusive. Here, compared with low Zn group, a high-Zn diet significantly increases hepatic Zn content and upregulates the expression of metal-response element-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), Zn transporter 6 (ZnT6) and deSUMOylation enzymes (SENP1, SENP2, and SENP6), but inhibits the expression of SUMO proteins and the E1, E2, and E3 enzymes.

Loss of SELENOW aggravates muscle loss with regulation of protein synthesis and the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

Sarcopenia is characterized by accelerated muscle mass and function loss, which burdens and challenges public health worldwide. Several studies indicated that selenium deficiency is associated with sarcopenia; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that selenoprotein W (SELENOW) containing selenium in the form of selenocysteine functioned in sarcopenia.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots on Growth Performance and Gut Health in Broilers.

This study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO-QDs) on the growth performance and gut health in broilers. A total of 1125 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into five groups with 15 replicates of 15 chicks each. The broilers were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 40, 80, 120, or 160 mg Zn/kg as ZnO-QDs for 6 weeks.

Effect of Dietary Sugarcane Bagasse on Reproductive Performance, Constipation, and Gut Microbiota of Gestational Sows.

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of using sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a substitute for soybean hulls and wheat bran in the diet of pregnant sows on their reproductive performance and gut microbiota. A total of seventy-two primiparous sows were randomly divided into four treatment groups, with eighteen replicates of one sow each. The sows were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0% (CON), 5%, 10%, and 15% SB to replace soybean hulls from day 57 of gestation until the day of the end of the gestation period.

Evaluating the Impact of an Organic Trace Mineral mix on the Redox Homeostasis, Immunity, and Performance of Sows and their Offspring.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of trace mineral supplementation in sows during gestation and lactation on the performance and health status of sows and their offspring. Sows (n = 30; Landrace × Yorkshire; avg parity = 3.9) were randomly allocated into two dietary treatments.

AP-1 and SP1 trans-activate the expression of hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 in the bioactivation of AFB in chicken.

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B (AFB) is harmful to the health and performance of domestic animals. The hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs), CYP1A1 and CYP2A6, are the primary enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB to the highly toxic exo-AFB-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) in chicks. However, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of these CYP genes in the liver of chicks in AFB metabolism remains unknown.

Estimation of Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Layer Chicks Depending on Dynamic Model.

Four trials were conducted to establish a protein and amino acid requirement model for layer chicks over 0-6 weeks by using the analytical factorization method. In trial 1, a total of 90 one-day-old Jing Tint 6 chicks with similar body weight were selected to determine the growth curve, carcass and feather protein deposition, and amino acid patterns of carcass and feather proteins. In trials 2 and 3, 24 seven-day-old and 24 thirty-five-day-old Jing Tint 6 chicks were selected to determine the protein maintenance requirements, amino acid pattern, and net protein utilization rate.

Effective protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin and corresponding detoxification mechanisms: A narrative review.

T-2 toxin is one of the most widespread and toxic fungal toxins in food and feed. It can cause gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and does not readily degrade during food and feed processing.

Heat Stress Impairs Male Reproductive System with Potential Disruption of Retinol Metabolism and Microbial Balance in the Testis of Mice.

Background: Heat stress (HS) has a harmful impact on the male reproductive system, primarily by reducing the sperm quality. The testicular microenvironment plays an important role in sperm quality.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism by which HS impairs the male reproductive system through the testicular microenvironment.

An integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent can effectively mitigate the combined toxicity of AFB, DON and OTA on the production performance, liver and oviduct health in broiler breeder hens.

This study was to evaluate the efficacy of an integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent in reducing the adverse effects of co-occurring dietary aflatoxin B deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A on broiler breeder hens. 360 30-week-old Hubbard Efficiency Plus broiler breeder hens were allocated into four groups and received a basal diet (BD; Control), BD added 0.15 mg/kg aflatoxin B+1.

Remediation Strategies for Mycotoxins in Animal Feed.

Mycotoxins occur widely in various animal feedstuffs, with more than 500 mycotoxins identified so far [...

Translocation of gut microbes to epididymal white adipose tissue drives lipid metabolism disorder under heat stress.

Heat stress induces multi-organ damage and serious physiological dysfunction in mammals, and gut bacteria may translocate to extra-intestinal tissues under heat stress pathology. However, whether gut bacteria translocate to the key metabolic organs and impair function as a result of heat stress remains unknown. Using a heat stress-induced mouse model, heat stress inhibited epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) expansion and induced lipid metabolic disorder but did not damage other organs, such as the heart, liver, spleen, or muscle.

Mitigating the adverse effects of Aflatoxin B in LMH, IPEC-J2 and 3D4/21 cells by a novel integrated agent.

This study was to evaluate the efficacy of TOXO-XL (XL), an integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent, on aflatoxin B (AFB)-induced damage in Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH), porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) and porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/21) cells, and to explore its potential mechanisms. The results showed that 30% inhibition concentration (IC) of AFB in LMH, IPEC-J2 and 3D4/21 cells was 0.5, 15.