Explore the potential mechanism of Huachansu injection against osteosarcoma via metabolomics, network pharmacology and bioinformatics.

Aim: Huachansu injection (HCSI) shows effective medicinal functions against osteosarcoma. This study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of HCSI against osteosarcoma by integrating metabolomics, network pharmacology and bioinformatics.

Methods: Metabolomics was used to identify different metabolites and pathways.

Huachansu injection enhances anti-colorectal cancer efficacy of irinotecan and alleviates its induced intestinal toxicity through upregulating UGT1A1-OATP1B3 expression in vitro and in vivo.

Objective: Huachansu injection (HCSI), a promising anti-cancer Chinese medicine injection, has been reported to have the potential for reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy and improving the quality of life for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The objective of this study is to explore the synergistic and detoxifying effects of HCSI when used in combination with irinotecan (CPT-11).

Methods: To investigate the effect of HCSI on anti-CRC efficacy and intestinal toxicity of CPT-11, we measured changes in the biological behavior of LoVo cells in vitro, and anti-tumor effects in LoVo cell xenograft nude mice models in vivo.

Marsdenia tenacissima extract accelerates ferroptosis of osteosarcoma cells by upregulating HO-1 and activating mitophagy.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) from the stem of the Traditional Chinese herbal medicine of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn. has been used as an anticancer remedy for decades.

Cholesterol biosynthesis induced by radiotherapy inhibits cGAS-STING activation and contributes to colorectal cancer treatment resistance.

Radiotherapy-induced DNA damage can lead to apoptotic cell death and trigger an anti-tumor immune response via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, which senses cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA. However, radiotherapy resistance poses a significant challenge in treating cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Understanding the mechanisms underlying this resistance is crucial for developing effective therapies.

Circularly Polarized Light Emission and Real-Image Projection from Cellulosic Converging Lenses with Adjustable Chiral Photonic Bandgaps.

The efficient generation of circularly polarized light (CPL) is crucial in information technologies such as optical communications and three-dimensional displays. In nature, many plants and animals can transform unpolarized light into CPL with chiral helical superstructures, which has inspired the development of CPL-related materials and devices. Herein, by combining the self-assembled chiral nematic liquid crystalline microstructures of cellulose nanocrystals with geometrical configurations of Fresnel lenses, free-standing solid-state cellulosic converging lenses with large sizes, circular polarization features, and adjustable chiral photonic bandgaps were fabricated at low cost, which could produce CPL beams exhibiting dissymmetry factors ( = 2( - )/( + )) up to -0.

Liquid Crystalline Self-Assembly with Accelerated Kinetics and Higher Structural Orderliness in Centrifugal Acceleration Fields Beyond 7251 Times Gravity of Earth.

Gravity of the Earth (g) drives the macroscopic differentiation of multiple phases with different volumetric mass densities in many chemical and physical processes. Herein, liquid crystalline phase separation of colloidal dispersions of rod-shaped cellulose nanoparticles in centrifugal acceleration fields up to 71 061 meters per second squared (7251 g) is studied. Through non-ionic in situ free-radical polymerization initiated by time-controllable oxidation-reduction reactions between tert-butyl hydroperoxide (oxidants) and thiourea (thiocarbamide, reductants) at room temperature (298 kelvins), ordered soft microstructures formed by entropy-driven self-assembly are immobilized within crosslinked polyacrylamide matrixes at various evolution stages (e.

Thermally activated fluorescence in 9,10-DPA single crystals enabling high-performance fast neutron detection.

Organic scintillators occupy a significant niche in the realm of fast neutron detection. Nevertheless, the cultivation of large-sized and high-quality organic single crystals has persistently posed a formidable challenge. 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) was chosen as a prospective material for fast neutron detection.

Chemotherapy boosts anti-angiogenic and anti-PD-1 combination therapy through activation of cCAS-STING pathway in colon cancer.

Recent clinical trials have shown that combining chemotherapy with anti-angiogenic therapy and immunotherapy can enhance survival outcomes for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of combining oxaliplatin with the anti-angiogenic drug fruquintinib and a PD-1 monoclonal antibody.

An Imidazo-Pyridin-Derived Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Hydrogen Sulfide in Chinese Medicinal Materials.

Herein, an imidazo-pyridin-derived fluorescent probe ImPy-HS was developed for monitoring the hydrogen sulfide (HS) level in the water decoction of Chinese medicinal materials. Under the excitation at 355 nm, ImPy-HS exhibited the obvious fluorescence response at 490 nm. The detection system with ImPy-HS showed the advantages including relatively high sensitivity, high selectivity, and high steadiness.

E3 ligase FBXW7 suppresses brown fat expansion and browning of white fat.

Thermogenic fat, including brown and beige fat, dissipates heat via thermogenesis and enhances energy expenditure. Thus, its activation represents a therapeutic strategy to combat obesity. Here, we demonstrate that levels of F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7), an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, negatively correlate with thermogenic fat functionality.

Ucp1 Ablation Improves Skeletal Muscle Glycolytic Function in Aging Mice.

Muscular atrophy is among the systematic decline in organ functions in aging, while defective thermogenic fat functionality precedes these anomalies. The potential crosstalk between adipose tissue and muscle during aging is poorly understood. In this study, it is showed that UCP1 knockout (KO) mice characterized deteriorated brown adipose tissue (BAT) function in aging, yet their glucose homeostasis is sustained and energy expenditure is increased, possibly compensated by improved inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) and muscle functionality compared to age-matched WT mice.

[Research progress on the effect of tumor-associated macrophages on breast cancer and its targeted therapy].

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are closely associated to the growth, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of breast cancer. Targeting TAMs is considered to be a potential new strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer. TAMs interact with breast cancer cells and influence the development and progression of various breast cancer subtypes through multiple pathways, including the secretion of proteins, cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes.

Tongguanteng injection exerts anti-osteosarcoma effects through the ER stress-associated IRE1/CHOP pathway.

Background: In China, Tongguanteng injection (TGT) is widely used in the treatment or adjuvant treatment of various types of cancer. However, the effect and mechanism of TGT in osteosarcoma is not clear.

Methods: The 143B and MG-63 cells were treated with different concentrations of TGT.

Combined ecotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increase exposure risks to Mytilus coruscus based on the bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, metabolic profiles, and nutritional interferences.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants frequently detected in the marine environment. However, the influence of MPs on DEHP bioaccumulation and their combined effects on eco-environmental risks remain underexplored. Mytilus coruscus (M.

BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis impacts distinct outcomes of time-of-day resistance exercise.

Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.

Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin.

P-glycoprotein-mediated herb-drug interaction evaluation between Tenacissoside G and paclitaxel.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated herb-drug interactions (HDIs) may impact drug efficacy and safety. Tenacissoside G (Tsd-G), a major active component of Marsdenia tenacissima, exhibits anticancer activity. To analyze the effect of Tsd-G on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel (PTX), researchers selected 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, randomized into a solvent control group, a verapamil positive control group, and 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg Tsd-G groups.

An insoluble cellulose nanofiber with robust expansion capacity protects against obesity.

An imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure predisposes obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Soluble dietary fiber has been shown to improve metabolic homeostasis mainly via microbiota reshaping. However, the application and metabolic effects of insoluble fiber are less understood.

Comparative efficacy and safety of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of psychiatric and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Olanzapine and risperidone have emerged as the most widely used drugs as short-term prescription in the treatment of behavioral disturbances in dementia. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was hence performed to investigate the effectiveness and safety profile of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), aiming to provide updated suggestion for clinical physicians and caregivers.

Design: Prospective controlled clinical studies were included, of which available data was extracted.

The Pan-Cancer Analysis Uncovers the Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Significance of CD19 as an Immune Marker in Tumor.

Background: The specific cytotoxic effects of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have led to impressive outcomes in individuals previously treated for B-cell malignancies. However, the specific biological role of CD19(+) target cells, which exert antitumor immunity against some solid tumors, remains to be elucidated.

Methods: We collected information regarding the level of CD19 mRNA and protein expression from various databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for both tumor and normal samples.

FOXA3 regulates cholesterol metabolism to compensate for low uptake during the progression of lung adenocarcinoma.

Cholesterol metabolism is vital for multiple cancer progression, while how cholesterol affects lung, a low-cholesterol tissue, for cancer metastasis and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that metastatic lung adenocarcinoma cells acquire cellular dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol by endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis, instead of uptake upon cholesterol treatment. Besides, we demonstrated that exogenous cholesterol functions as signaling molecule to induce FOXA3, a key transcription factor for lipid metabolism via GLI2.

Iron overload in hypothalamic AgRP neurons contributes to obesity and related metabolic disorders.

Iron overload is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction. However, the role of iron in the hypothalamus remains unclear. Here, we find that hypothalamic iron levels are increased, particularly in agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons in high-fat-diet-fed mice.