Machine learning differentiation of abdominal IgA vasculitis without purpura from appendicitis.

Background: Abdominal IgA vasculitis without purpura (IgAVNP) shares clinical manifestations with acute uncomplicated appendicitis (AUA), and traditional diagnostic methods have limitations. Therefore, more accurate diagnostic tools are needed for differentiation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 702 children aged 2-14 years who were diagnosed between 2011 and 2020.

Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks.

Bile acids (BAs) are critical mediators of metabolic and immune regulation, influencing both liver and intestinal function. Their homeostasis, maintained through the enterohepatic circulation, is pivotal for immune-metabolic balance. BAs activate key receptors, including Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and TGR5, to modulate inflammation.

Chronic diarrhea related to neuroblastoma: the important role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in tumor pathology and survival.

Background: To analyze the correlation between vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) protein expression in neuroblastoma (NB) tumors and NB clinical features and prognosis.

Methods: Clinical data were collected from 91 patients with NB aged < 18 years who underwent tumor resection at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 2015 and December 2021. VIP expression levels in tumor tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between VIP expression intensity and NB clinical characteristics and prognosis was analyzed.

Tarm1 may affect colitis by regulating macrophage M1 polarization in a mouse colitis model.

Background: In this study, we aimed to explore the role of Tarm1 in juvenile mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and elucidate the mechanisms that affect intestinal barrier function.

Methods: A DSS-induced pediatric inflammatory bowel disease mouse model was established using 4-week-old juvenile mice. Disease activity index and histopathological damage scores were determined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.

Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor promotes Th2 immune response in the liver by increasing cholangiocytes derived IL-33: a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker of biliary atresia.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating neonatal cholangiopathy with an unclear pathogenesis, and prompt diagnosis of BA is currently challenging.

Methods: Proteomic and immunoassay analyses were performed with serum samples from 250 patients to find potential BA biomarkers. The expression features of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) were investigated using human biopsy samples, three different experimental mouse models, and cultured human biliary epithelial cells (BECs).

Muscle-specific PGC-1α modulates mitochondrial oxidative stress in aged sarcopenia through regulating Nrf2.

Background: Aged sarcopenia is characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, and mitochondrial dysregulation in skeletal myocyte is considered as a major factor. Here, we aimed to analyze the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in aged skeletal muscles.

Methods: C2C12 cells were stimulated by 50 μM 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC) to observe the changes of cellular ROS, mitochondrial ROS, and expression of PGC-1α and Nrf2.

Macrophage polarization in inflammatory bowel disease.

The growing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has encouraged research efforts, which have contributed to gradual improvements in our understanding of IBD diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. The pathogenesis of IBD has not been fully elucidated; however, the combined actions of environmental, genetic, immune factors, and microbial organisms are believed to cause IBD. In the innate immune system, macrophages play important roles in maintaining intestinal health and in the development of IBD.

Case report: Diagnosis and treatment of DGAT1 deficiency-induced congenital diarrhea in two cases and literature review.

Introduction: Congenital diarrhea is a rare inherited intestinal disease characterized by persistent and severe diarrhea and malabsorption in the first few weeks after birth, which can be life-threatening. Some congenital diarrheal diseases are associated with mutations in the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene.

Case Descriptions: This study delineated 2 cases of diarrhea and growth retardation, subsequently confirmed as congenital diarrhea via genetic testing, revealing that the etiology involved compound heterozygous mutations in the DGAT1 gene.

Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin in a Rat Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating the Balance of Treg/Th17 Cells.

The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear, and it is believed that an imbalance of regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells is related to the occurrence of UC. Curcumin has been confirmed to exert anti-inflammatory effects in bronchial asthma and osteoarthritis by regulating the balance of Treg/Th17 cells. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of curcumin in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC rats by regulating the balance of Treg/Th17 cells.

LncRNA RP5-857K21.7 inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells through the miR-508-3p/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis.

The continuous increase in the prevalence of asthma poses a threat to human health. Despites numerous researches, the understanding of asthma development still remain elusive, hindering the development of effective treatment. Here, we explored the role of lncRNA RP5-857K21.

Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the allergenicity of natural cow milk based on a BALB/c mouse model.

Cow milk allergy is one of the most prevalent food allergies worldwide, particularly in infants and children. To the best of our knowledge, minimal research exists concerning the antigenicity of cow milk (CM). This study was performed to evaluate the allergenicity of enzymatically hydrolyzed cow milk (HM) in a BALB/c mouse model.

The tumor-suppressive effects of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO via N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation on bladder cancer patients.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation participates in the progression of bladder cancer (BCa). Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO influencing the BCa progression has still remained elusive. In this study, to investigate the tumor-suppressive effects of FTO via m6A RNA methylation on BCa patients, a total of 15 cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues (ANTs) were collected from BCa patients who received tumor resection in our hospital from September 2015 to December 2019.

Protection by microRNA-7a-5p Antagomir Against Intestinal Mucosal Injury Related to the JNK Pathway in TNBS-Induced Experimental Colitis.

Background: Increasing evidence shows that microRNA-7a-5p (miR-7a-5p) plays an important role in regulating the inflammatory process in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). How miR-7a-5p contributes to this process is poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to examine whether miR-7a-5p regulates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory responses via the JNK pathway.

Deleterious Variants in ABCC12 are Detected in Idiopathic Chronic Cholestasis and Cause Intrahepatic Bile Duct Loss in Model Organisms.

Background & Aims: The etiology of cholestasis remains unknown in many children. We surveyed the genome of children with chronic cholestasis for variants in genes not previously associated with liver disease and validated their biological relevance in zebrafish and murine models.

Method: Whole-exome (n = 4) and candidate gene sequencing (n = 89) was completed on 93 children with cholestasis and normal serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels without pathogenic variants in genes known to cause low GGT cholestasis such as ABCB11 or ATP8B1.

The JAK2 inhibitor AG490 regulates the Treg/Th17 balance and alleviates DSS-induced intestinal damage in IBD rats.

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear, and it is currently believed that an imbalance in regulatory T (Treg) cells/T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells) is related to the occurrence and development of IBD. Recently, the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 has been used in animal models such as rheumatoid arthritis and bronchial asthma models and shown to exert immunoregulatory functions that improve disorder in the Treg/Th17 cell balance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AG490 on the intestinal inflammatory process in an IBD rat model.

Evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease activity in children using serum trefoil factor peptide.

Background: The diagnosis of IBD and evaluation of treatment require endoscopy, which is difficult in children. This study evaluated the use of TFF3 as a biomarker.

Methods: Permeability of the intestinal mucosa and serum TFF3 were assayed and colon tissue was harvested 7 days after inducing IBD in mice with TNBSA.

Inhibiting microRNA-7 Expression Exhibited a Protective Effect on Intestinal Mucosal Injury in TNBS-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease Animal Model.

This study aimed to explore the expression and correlation of microRNA-7 (miR-7) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) genes and proteins in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse models and to elucidate the effect of miR-7 inhibition in the intestinal mucosa in IBD models. A TNBS-induced IBD mouse model was established. Changes in intestinal inflammation were observed by HE staining, and the expression levels of miR-7 and TFF3 were detected by RT-PCR.

Phenotypic characteristics and clinical manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in infants and children under 2 years of age in Liaoning Province, China: five of six infants with IL-10R mutations.

A retrospective analysis of the phenotypic characteristics, clinical manifestations, investigations and interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) status of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in infants and children under 2 years of age in Liaoning Province, China between January 2015 and October 2016 is described. Six patients without a family history of IBD were diagnosed with Crohn disease, and IL-10R mutations were detected in five of them. Compound heterozygous patients with IL-10R mutations had severe clinical manifestations, were resistant to standard medication for IBD and had a poor prognosis as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was not undertaken.

MicroRNA-7-5p regulates the proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cells by targeting trefoil factor 3 via inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signalling pathway.

Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) reconstructs the epithelial barrier by stimulating epithelial cell migration and proliferation, and significantly contributes to intestinal mucosal damage and healing. In a previous study, TFF3 was identified as a novel target of microRNA-7-5p (miR-7-5p). The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of miR-7-5p in the proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cells.

A double-blinded randomized trial on growth and feeding tolerance with Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in formula-fed preterm infants.

Objective: The use of probiotics is increasingly popular in preterm neonates, as they may prevent necrotizing enterocolitis sepsis and improve growth and feeding tolerance. There is only limited literature on Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. boulardii) in preterm infants.

[Efficacy of infliximab in the treatment of Crohn's disease in children].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab in the treatment of Crohn's disease in children.

Methods: Thirteen children who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease and received routine comprehensive treatment and infliximab (5 mg/kg) between January 2011 and December 2014 were enrolled. The changes in their clinical manifestations, laboratory indices, and Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) after the 30-week treatment were analyzed retrospectively.