Dual role of reactive oxygen species in the effects of cadmium on microglial survival and phagocytosis.

Cadmium (Cd), a significant occupational and environmental pollutant, poses significant health risks due to its bioaccumulation and long biological half-life. Although Cd exposure has been identified as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, its specific effects on microglia-the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS)-remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Cd exerts dual, dose-dependent effects on primary microglia.

Pulmonary fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapies.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and abnormal fibroblast proliferation, which is mainly caused by air pollution, smoking, aging, occupational exposure, environmental pollutants exposure, and microbial infections. Although antifibrotic agents such as pirfenidone and nintedanib, approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA), can slow the decline in lung function and disease progression, their side effects and delivery inefficiency limit the overall prognosis of PF. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic targets and delivery approaches for PF in clinical settings.

Protein Ubiquitination Modification in Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate, which encompasses features, such as diffuse alveolar inflammation, invasive fibroblast activation, and uncontrolled extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Beyond the local pathological processes, PF can be better understood in light of interorgan communication networks that are involved in its progression. Notably, pulmonary inflammation can affect cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and neural functions, highlighting the importance of understanding these systemic interactions.

Sex differences in cardiac fibrosis induced by gestational exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics in mice offspring.

The increasing accumulation of plastics in the environment has raised concerns regarding their potential health hazards. Nanoplastics (NPs) can get transported across the placental barrier, resulting in detrimental effects on developing offspring. To date, the effects of maternal exposure to NPs during pregnancy on the cardiac toxicity in adult offspring have not been conclusively evaluated.

"As a parent, I want to do more for my child": A phenomenological approach to understanding the experiences of parents involved in surgical decision-making for children with congenital hand anomalies.

Background: A congenital anomaly of the hand can affect both function and appearance, and places a stressful psychological burden on the family, especially parents. Surgery during infancy may prevent later disabilities, but little is known of the importance of parents' involvement in these decisions in terms of psychological adjustment or treatment satisfaction.

Objective: To understand parents' perceptions of involvement in their child's surgery for limb anomaly, and their preferences for the support of healthcare professionals.

Exploring the anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects of Taohe Chengqi decoction in sepsis-induced lung injury.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Sepsis presents complex pathophysiological challenges. Taohe Chengqi Decoction (THCQ), a traditional Chinese medicine, offers potential in managing sepsis-related complications, though its exact mechanisms are not fully understood.

Aim Of The Study: This research aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of THCQ on sepsis-induced lung injury.

The role and regulation of SIRT1 in pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with high incidence and a lack of effective treatment, which is a severe public health problem. PF has caused a huge socio-economic burden, and its pathogenesis has become a research hotspot. SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent sirtuin essential in tumours, Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and anti-aging.

Improving Rate Performance of Encapsulating Lithium-Polysulfide Electrolytes for Practical Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The cycle life of high-energy-density lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is severely plagued by the incessant parasitic reactions between Li metal anodes and reactive Li polysulfides (LiPSs). Encapsulating Li-polysulfide electrolyte (EPSE) emerges as an effective electrolyte design to mitigate the parasitic reactions kinetically. Nevertheless, the rate performance of Li-S batteries with EPSE is synchronously suppressed.

Electrolyte Design for Improving Mechanical Stability of Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Practical lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are severely plagued by the instability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed in routine ether electrolytes. Herein, an electrolyte with 1,3,5-trioxane (TO) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) as co-solvents is proposed to construct a high-mechanical-stability SEI by enriching organic components in Li-S batteries. The high-mechanical-stability SEI works compatibly in Li-S batteries.

Disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis as a mechanism of antimony-induced reactive oxygen species and cytotoxicity.

Occupational and environmental Sb exposure has been associated with increased risk of respiratory diseases and lung cancer, but the toxicities and molecular mechanisms of Sb have been less investigated. In the present study, we first analyzed the Sb toxicity profile of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and found that Sb dose-dependently decreased the cell viability and arrested cell cycle at G2/M but did not induce apoptosis. We next investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in Sb-induced cytotoxicity.

Positive regulation of the CREB phosphorylation via JNK-dependent pathway prevents antimony-induced neuronal apoptosis in PC12 cell and mice brain.

Antimony (Sb) is a potentially toxic chemical element abundantly found in the environment. We previously reported that Sb promoted neuronal deathvia reactive oxygen species-dependent autophagy. Here, we assessed the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) in Sb-induced neuronal damage.

Akt inhibition-dependent downregulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling pathway contributes to antimony-induced neurotoxicity.

Antimony (Sb), as a newly identified nerve poison, can lead to neuronal apoptosis. However, its neurotoxicological mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we evaluated the role and regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in Sb-mediated neurotoxicity.

The decreased permittivity of zebrafish embryos culture medium by magnetic fields did not affect early development of zebrafish embryos.

Epidemiological studies have shown associations between exposure to environmental extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and health effects, but the mechanisms of ELF-MF induced biological effects remain unclear. We hypothesized that ELF-MF may regulate functions of tissues or cells via its effects on surrounding environment, e.g.

The Relative Permittivity Changes of EGF by 50 Hz MF Exposure Neither Affect the Interaction of EGF With EGFR Nor Its Biological Effects.

The biophysical mechanism of magnetic fields (MFs) acting on living systems is not clear. Previous research showed that, similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF), MF exposure induced EGF receptor (EGFR) clustering and activated EGFR signaling. In this study, we investigated whether MF exposure induced the changes in physical characteristics of EGF and downstream effects of EGF and EGFR interaction.

The effects of 50 Hz magnetic field-exposed cell culture medium on cellular functions in FL cells.

Although extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) have been classified as a possible carcinogen for humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), their biological effects and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Our previous study indicated that ELF-MF exposure influenced the relative permittivity of the saline solution, suggesting that the MF exposure altered physical properties of the solution. To explore the biophysical mechanism of ELF-MF-induced biological effects, this study examined the effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal MF at 0-4.

Association between parental occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and childhood nervous system tumors risk: A meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Previous epidemiological studies suggested association between parental occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and risk of childhood nervous system tumors, but the results were inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies to re-evaluate this association.

Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases as well as by manual searching.

Effects of 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure on DNA damage and cellular functions in primary cultured neurogenic cells.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure on DNA damage and cellular functions in primary cultured neurogenic cells.

Materials And Methods: The primary cultured astrocytes, microglia and cortical neurons were exposed to RF-EMF at a SAR of 4.0 W/kg.

The effects of 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on DNA damage and cellular functions in various neurogenic cells.

Epidemiological studies have indicated a possible association between extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure and the risk of nervous system diseases. However, laboratory studies have not provided consistent results for clarifying this association, despite many years of studies. In this study, we have systematically investigated the effects of 50 Hz MF exposure on DNA damage and cellular functions in both neurogenic tumor cell lines (U251, A172, SH-SY5Y) and primary cultured neurogenic cells from rats (astrocytes, microglia, cortical neurons).

RF-EMF exposure at 1800 MHz did not elicit DNA damage or abnormal cellular behaviors in different neurogenic cells.

Despite many years of studies, the debate on genotoxic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) continues. To systematically evaluate genotoxicity of RF-EMF, this study examined effects of RF-EMF on DNA damage and cellular behavior in different neurogenic cells. Neurogenic A172, U251, and SH-SY5Y cells were intermittently (5 min on/10 min off) exposed to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.

Mobile phone signal exposure triggers a hormesis-like effect in Atm and Atm mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as possible carcinogens to humans; however, this conclusion is based on limited epidemiological findings and lacks solid support from experimental studies. In particular, there are no consistent data regarding the genotoxicity of RF-EMFs. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is recognised as a chief guardian of genomic stability.

Relationships between urinary antimony levels and both mortalities and prevalence of cancers and heart diseases in general US population, NHANES 1999-2010.

The effects of antimony (Sb) exposure on mortalities, cancers and cardiovascular diseases were controversial in occupational workers, and the evidence from the general population is limited. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships between Sb exposure and specific health events in the general population. Totally, 7781 participants aged ≥20years were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010 and were followed for an average of 6.

Associations of parental occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields with childhood leukemia risk.

Previous studies on the association of parental occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) with childhood leukemia risk have produced inconsistent results. To reevaluate this association, we performed a meta-analysis by pooling 11 case-control and one cohort studies. The overall results showed that neither maternal nor paternal occupational exposure was associated with childhood leukemia risk.

Is there association between Glutathione S Transferases polymorphisms and cataract risk: a meta-analysis?

Background: Glutathione S transferase (GST) polymorphisms have been considered as risk factors for age-related cataracts, but the results remain controversial. In this study, we have performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and cataract risk.

Methods: Published literature from PubMed and other databases were retrieved.