Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Chinese college students towards novel psychoactive substances.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among Chinese college students regarding novel psychoactive substances (NPS), where practices specifically refer to behaviors related to NPS access and usage patterns.

Methods: An online questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and KAP scores from college students. A total of 1,543 participants were recruited using a combination of targeted and convenience sampling.

In-situ Visualization of Level 3 LFPs Using a Lipophilic Red AIE Fluorescent Probe with a D-A Structure.

Fingerprints are among the most commonly encountered forms of forensic evidence. However, current databases require relatively complete fingerprints to extract sufficient level 2 features for individual identification, thereby limiting the recognition of partial latent fingerprints (LFPs) collected from crime scenes. Therefore, visualizing level 3 features of LFPs (such as width, spacing, and distribution of ridge and pore) is of critical importance.

Anlotinib in combination with docetaxel for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer after failure of platinum-based treatment: A phase 1/2 trial.

Background: The combination of anlotinib with chemotherapy has demonstrated encouraging efficacy in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of this phase 1/2 trial was to establish the maximum tolerated dose of anlotinib in combination with docetaxel and to assess the efficacy and safety of this regimen in patients with advanced NSCLC who had progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy.

Methods: In the phase 1 trial, eight patients were enrolled to determine the maximum tolerated dose, which was identified as 10 mg for anlotinib in combination with docetaxel.

Anlotinib Plus Docetaxel is Promising in Advanced NSCLC Progressing on First-Line Immunotherapy: A Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized Trials.

Introduction: Therapeutic options for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain a significant challenge. This analysis compared outcomes of anlotinib plus docetaxel versus docetaxel alone in this population using the pooled data from two prospective randomized trials (ALTER-L016; ALTER-L018).

Methods: Adult patients with EGFR/ALK/ROS1 wild-type advanced NSCLC progressing on first-line ICIs were eligible.

Anti-PD-L1 envafolimab combined with anti-VEGF suvemcitug in pretreated solid tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma: an open-label phase II study with safety run-in stage.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been the standard first-line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the efficacy of this combination in post-line treatment is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of anti-PD-L1 envafolimab and novel humanized anti-VEGF suvemcitug as second-line treatment for patients with HCC.

IBI310 plus sintilimab vs. placebo plus sintilimab in recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: It remains unclear whether adding CTLA-4 blockade to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade improves clinical outcomes in cervical cancer (CC).

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04590599), patients with recurrent/metastatic CC (R/M CC) who experienced disease progression after or during platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled from 37 centers across China and randomly assigned (1:1), stratified by PD-L1 expression and prior treatment lines, to receive either IBI310 plus sintilimab or placebo plus sintilimab intravenously every 3 weeks for 12 weeks, followed by sintilimab alone.

Development of a predictive model for the risk of microalbuminuria: comparison of 2 machine learning algorithms.

Purpose: To identify the independent risk variables that contribute to the emergence of microalbuminuria(MAU) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), to develop two different prediction models, and to show the order of importance of the factors in the better prediction model combined with a SHAP(Shapley Additive exPlanations) plot.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from 981 patients with T2DM from March 2021 to March 2023. This dataset included socio-demographic characteristics, disease attributes, and clinical biochemical indicators.

Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the addictive and detrimental effects of novel psychoactive substances among university students.

Background: The misuse of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) is highly prevalent among university students, leading to significant public health and social safety concerns. To improve our drug education efforts related to NPSs, we developed a knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP)-based questionnaire for university students.

Methods: We developed a KAP-based questionnaire after performing a comprehensive literature review and consulting experts.

Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-doped Carbon Dots for Ratiometric Fluorometric Determination of Mercury Ions.

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) were prepared for dual-channel ratiometric fluorescence determination of mercury ions (Hg). The dual-emission N, S-CDs were synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrothermal treatment. When excited with visible light, N,S-CDs exhibited two emission peaks at 390 and 500 nm.

Duration mismatch negativity under varying deviant conditions in individuals with high schizotypal traits.

Background: Although impaired auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) has consistently been found in individuals with schizophrenia, there are few and inconsistent reports on nonclinical individuals with schizotypy. To date, no studies have thoroughly assessed MMN with different degrees of deviant oddballs in nonclinical schizotypal samples. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of duration MMN (dMMN) amplitudes under two deviant duration conditions (large and small) in nonclinical participants with high schizotypal traits.

Construction of an Early Risk Prediction Model for Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Based on Random Forest.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a major cause of disability and death in the later stages of diabetes. A retrospective chart review was performed using a hospital-based electronic medical record database to identify 1020 patients who met the criteria. The objective of this study was to explore and analyze the early risk factors for peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, even in the absence of specific clinical symptoms or signs.

Chidamide plus envafolimab as subsequent treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy: A multicohort, open-label, phase II trial with biomarker analysis.

Background: Combination of chidamide and anti-PD-L1 inhibitor produce synergistic anti-tumor effect in advanced NSCLC patients resistant to anti-PD-1 treatment. However, the effect of chidamide plus envafolimab has not been reported.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chidamide plus envafolimab in advanced NSCLC patients resistant toanti-PD-1 treatment.

Prediction of vascular complications in free flap reconstruction with machine learning.

Objective: This study aims to explore the risk factors of vascular complications following free flap reconstruction and to develop a clinical auxiliary assessment tool for predicting vascular complications in patients undergoing free flap reconstruction leveraging machine learning methods.

Methods: We reviewed the medical data of patients who underwent free flap reconstruction at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University retrospectively from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Statistical analysis was used to screen risk factors.

Continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant human endostatin using infusion pump plus chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world with the highest incidence and mortality rate among all cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of primary lung cancer. However, efficacy and safety of the current regimens for NSCLC is unsatisfactory.

Glucotoxicity Activation of IL6 and IL11 and Subsequent Induction of Fibrosis May Be Involved in the Pathogenesis of Islet Dysfunction.

Islet dysfunction is the main pathological process of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fibrosis causes islet dysfunction, but the current mechanism is still unclear. Here, bioinformatics analysis identified gene clusters closely related to T2DM and differentially expressed genes related to fibrosis, and animal models verified the roles of these genes.

Development and assessment of the efficacy and safety of human lung-targeting liposomal methylprednisolone crosslinked with nanobody.

Glucocorticoid (GC) hormone has been commonly used to treat systemic inflammation and immune disorders. However, the side effects associated with long-term use of high-dose GC hormone limit its clinical application seriously. GC hormone that can specifically target the lung might decrease the effective dosage and thus reduce GC-associated side effects.

Ion therapy of pulmonary fibrosis by inhalation of ionic solution derived from silicate bioceramics.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressively fatal disease, but clinically available therapeutic drugs are limited due to efficacy and side effects. The possible mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis includes the damage of alveolar epithelial cells II (AEC2), and activation of immune cells such as macrophages. The ions released from bioceramics have shown the activity in stimulating soft tissue derived cells such as fibroblasts, endothelia cells and epithelia cells, and regulating macrophage polarization.

Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals that ATP6V0E2 is involved in the lysosomal activation by anlotinib.

Anlotinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential anti-neoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. It has been approved for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Lysosomes are acidic organelles and have been implicated in various mechanisms of cancer therapeutics.

Long-term safety of icotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective, real-world study.

Background: Lung cancer is a global health problem with a high mortality, and the development of target therapy has led to a revolution in the treatment of lung cancer in recent years. Favorable efficacy and safety of icotinib have been demonstrated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, minimal data are available to describe the long-term safety of icotinib in NSCLC patients.

Xanthohumol from L. potentiates the killing of and mitigates liver toxicity by the combination of isoniazid in mouse tuberculosis models.

Anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity is the main problem in tuberculosis patients. Xanthohumol, a major prenyl chalcone present in hops, has diverse biological activities including antibacterial and hepatoprotective activities. The present research aimed to investigate the combined effect of xanthohumol with isoniazid against -infected mice.

IL-17A Can Promote -Induced Sarcoidosis-Like Granulomatosis in Mice.

The etiology of sarcoidosis is unknown. In this study, (PA) was used to induce sarcoidosis-like granulomatous inflammation in a mouse model. Wild-Type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: (1) WT-PA group; (2) WT-PA + Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) group; and (3) WT-PBS group.

Efficacy and safety of sustained-release oxycodone compared with immediate-release morphine for pain titration in cancer patients: A multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial (SOCIAL).

Background: The study aims to investigate the effect and safety of sustained-release oxycodone hydrochloride as background dose on pain titration in patients with moderate-to-severe cancer pain.

Material And Methods: Adult patients scheduled with a regular strong opioid for cancer-related pain were recruited and randomly assigned to sustained-release oxycodone group (tablets, 12 hourly) and immediate-release morphine group (5 mg initially, hourly). All patients were hourly reassessed for efficacy and dose titration.

Azithromycin treats diffuse panbronchiolitis by targeting T cells via inhibition of mTOR pathway.

Azithromycin (AZM), that is a macrolide antibiotic, has been found to treat diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) effectively. However, the mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects remains unclear. We selected 64 patients with DPB from 305 patients who were diagnosed with DPB at the outpatient clinic in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from Jan 2010 to Oct 2014.

IL-17A contributes to HSV1 infection-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) often experience acute exacerbation (AE) after an episode of common cold.

Aims: To establish a mouse model of virus infection-induced AE-IPF and investigate the mechanism underlying the AE-IPF.

Methods: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) was inoculated intranasally to wild-type (WT) and IL-17A gene knockout (IL-17A ) mice 21 days after intratracheal administration of bleomycin (BLM).