Association of Omeprazole-Related Myopathy With Drug-Drug and Drug-Gene Interactions Involving CYP2C19 and CYP3A4: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: Omeprazole, a widely used proton pump inhibitor, has been associated with rare but serious adverse events such as myopathy. Previous research suggests that concurrent use of omeprazole with fluconazole, a potent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19/3A4 inhibitor, may increase the risk of myopathy. However, the contribution of genetic polymorphisms in CYP enzymes remains unclear.

Multi-scale Data Improves Performance of Machine Learning Model for Long COVID Prediction.

Long COVID affects a substantial proportion of the over 778 million individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, yet predictive models remain limited in scope. While existing efforts, such as the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), have leveraged electronic health record (EHR) data for risk prediction, accumulating evidence points to additional contributions from social, behavioral, and genetic factors. Using a diverse cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals (n>17,200) from the NIH All of Us Research Program, we investigated whether integrating EHR data with survey-based and genomic information improves model performance.

The influence of stress hyperglycemia on consciousness disturbance and short- and long-term outcomes in stroke patients without documented diabetes: Differences between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Background: Although hyperglycemia is a well-known prognostic factor in diabetic stroke patients, its impact on outcomes in individuals without documented diabetes remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress-induced hyperglycemia and both short- and long-term mortality, as well as impaired consciousness, in patients without documented diabetes with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the MIMIC-IV (v3.

Large Language Models for Adverse Drug Events: A Clinical Perspective.

Adverse drug events (ADEs) significantly impact patient safety and health outcomes. Manual ADE detection from clinical narratives is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), including transformer-based architectures such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) series, offer promising methods for automating ADE extraction from clinical data.

Research Progress on Biomaterials with Immunomodulatory Effects in Bone Regeneration.

The immune system plays a pivotal role in bone regeneration, and biomaterials engineered to modulate immune responses present a promising strategy for the treatment of extensive bone defects and osteolytic conditions. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in immunomodulatory biomaterials for bone repair, integrating perspectives from both immunology and materials science. It offers a comprehensive analysis of key design strategies and the underlying principles guiding the development of these biomaterials, with a particular focus on their physical and chemical properties, bioactive molecule delivery systems, cell transplantation techniques, and responses to external stimuli.

Evaluation of occlusion immunities of free-space orbital angular momentum shift keying.

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) provides a new high-dimensional degree-of-freedom for lasers enabling high-dimensional shift keying, thus showing huge potential in free-space optical data-transmissions. Ensuring the accuracy of data transmission is of concern in any communication system. However, in the free-space OAM shift keying link, interferences from environmental occlusions will broaden the OAM spectrum and thus affect the correctness of information received.

Short-term atmospheric turbulence prediction in a satellite-to-ground laser link with limited observed data.

Satellite-to-ground laser communications can download massive amounts of data from satellites, thus playing an important role in space science. However, the performance of data downloading will decrease severely if there is stronger atmospheric turbulence (AT) in the link. Therefore, predicting AT strength in advance is crucial, as it will provide efficient strategies for data transmission and for following adaptive optical systems.

The reconstructed evolutionary history of the Engelhardia spicata complex highlights the impact of a three-tiered landform in the Indo-Burma ecoregion.

Premise: The lateral displacement of the Indochina Peninsula, driven by the Indian-Asian plate collision, significantly altered the topography of the Indo-Burma ecoregion, affecting its climate and biological evolution. Despite the renowned biodiversity of the region, spatiotemporal patterns of evolution remain poorly understood.

Methods: We analyzed the Engelhardia spicata complex, which has a continuous distribution across Indo-Burma, based on a robust phylogenetic framework comprising 778 individuals from 80 populations, to elucidate spatiotemporal and paleogeological patterns of evolution.

Vericiguat reduces pyroptosis in rats with coronary microembolization by inhibiting the AMPK/Nrf2/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Coronary microembolization (CME) is a prevalent and refractory complication of coronary revascularization, resulting in perioperative myocardial injury, cardiac dysfunction, and unfavorable prognosis. Vericiguat represents a novel therapeutic agent for chronic heart failure; however, further investigation is warranted to explore its potential cardioprotective effects beyond improving cardiac function in CME-induced myocardial injury. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of vericiguat on pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes induced by CME and elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Position Statement on Antiplatelet Therapy for East Asians With Coronary Artery Disease: 2025 Update.

Growing clinical evidence has indicated that East Asian patients have a lower risk for cardiovascular events but a higher risk of serious bleeding during antiplatelet therapy compared with Western populations-referred to as the "East Asian Paradox." The unique risk-benefit tradeoff observed in East Asian populations has been a topic of interest, which may be influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors-such as specific atherothrombotic cardiovascular risks, helicobacter pylori infection, sites of cranial atherosclerosis, and low body weight. There exist knowledge gaps in the antiplatelet therapy among East Asian populations with coronary artery disease, such as the individualized assessment of ischemic and bleeding risk, de-escalation strategy of dual antiplatelet therapy and the compliance of long-term secondary prevention.

PSMA5 as a modulator of glioblastoma senescence and prognosis.

Objective: The present study aimed to construct a tumor risk prognosis model and explore the role of PSMA5 in glioblastoma (GBM), focusing on its association with cellular senescence and its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Methods: Data from the DepMap and Cellage databases were integrated to develop a risk prognosis model, and were refined and evaluated using LASSO and Cox regression analyses. PSMA5 expression in GBM was analyzed via bioinformatics methods and validated in cell lines.

SubgroupTE: Advancing Treatment Effect Estimation with Subgroup Identification.

Precise estimation of treatment effects is crucial for accurately evaluating the intervention. While deep learning models have exhibited promising performance in learning counterfactual representations for treatment effect estimation (TEE), a major limitation in most of these models is that they often overlook the diversity of treatment effects across potential subgroups that have varying treatment effects and characteristics, treating the entire population as a homogeneous group. This limitation restricts the ability to precisely estimate treatment effects and provide targeted treatment recommendations.

Effects and mechanisms of aflatoxin B1 on oocytes and embryo development.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, poses substantial threats to animal reproductive health. This review thoroughly described the damage effects and summarized the potential mechanisms of AFB1 on reproductive health. Following metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 to form aflatoxin B1-8, 9-epoxide (AFBO), AFB1 disrupts cellular architecture and impairs mitochondrial function.

Electron Spillover into Water Layers: A Quantum Leap in Understanding Capacitance Behavior.

We investigate the electronic and molecular properties of the electrified Pt(111)-water interface using molecular dynamics simulations, leveraging electronic-structure-aware density-functional theory (DFT) and classical force field approaches. Electrification is induced by introducing excess electrons with homogeneously distributed, nonionic counter-charges, allowing for a targeted analysis of electronic and water density responses without interference from electrolyte ions. Our results reveal that, within the DFT framework, the Pt(111)-water interface deviates from the classical picture, where excess electronic charge remains localized at the metallic surface.

Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing reveals specific Trem2 positive B cell subtype niche after myocardial infarction in mice.

This study aims to characterize B cell subtypes in mice following myocardial infarction (MI) and identify potential therapeutic targets for adverse remodeling post-MI. The scRNA-seq (GSE163129) and bulk RNA sequencing data (GSE19322) of mice post-MI were obtained from the GEO database. Seurat, gene set enrichment analysis, SCENIC analysis, Monocle 2 and NichNet analysis were performed in scRNA-seq data.

Relationships among fibrosis-4, triglyceride-glucose index, and cardiovascular disease: Evidence from the NHANES 2003-2018.

Objective: The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index is linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the role of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in this relationship remains unclear. This study evaluates the associations among FIB-4, TyG, and CVD-related outcomes, and explores whether TyG mediates these effects.

Methods: This cross-sectional and cohort study analyzed data from NHANES (2003-2018).

An artificial intelligence accelerated ab initio molecular dynamics dataset for electrochemical interfaces.

Understanding atomic-scale structures at electrochemical interfaces is essential for advancing research and applications in electrochemistry. While experiments can provide detailed microscopic insights, their complexity and inefficiency often limit the large-scale generation of data. Complementing experimental approaches, computational methods, such as ab initio molecular dynamics and machine learning-accelerated molecular dynamics, offer an efficient means of obtaining microscopic information.

Global advances in phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of Lauraceae.

Over the past two decades, our understanding of Lauraceae, a large family of woody plants, has undergone significant advances in phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography. Molecular systematic studies have elucidated the basic relationships within the family with plastid phylogenomic analyses providing robust support for deep-level relationships between Lauraceae lineages, leading to the recognition of nine tribes: Hypodaphnideae, Cryptocaryeae, Cassytheae, Neocinnamomeae, Caryodaphnopsideae, Mezilaureae, Perseeae, Laureae, and Cinnamomeae, with Mezilaureae validated here. Nuclear genomes and comparative genomics studies have also clarified aspects of the family's evolutionary history and metabolic diversity.

The joint effect of weight-adjusted waist index and physical activity on all-cause mortality in Chinese elderly patients with multimorbidity: A study based on the CLHLS from 2011 to 2018.

Background: The relationship between physical activity changes, weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI), and mortality risk among older Chinese adults with multimorbidity remains unclear. This study aimed to examine whether changes in physical activity and WWI modify the mortality risk by analyzing data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).

Method: Our study was based on the 2011 ~ 2018 wave of the CLHLS, involving a study of 2,626 older adults with multimorbidity.

Knotless versus knotted arthroscopic Bankart repairs for anterior shoulder instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Arthroscopic Bankart repair can be performed via a more contemporary knotless procedure or a more traditional knotted procedure. Nonetheless, comparisons between these two techniques remain controversial.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted.

Prevalence, associated factors, and short-term impact of central sensitization in high-altitude patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: Central sensitization (CS) plays a critical role in prolonged pain and poor outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but its prevalence and impact in high-altitude populations remain unexplored. This study aims to examine the prevalence of CS, its associated factors, and short-term postoperative outcomes in high-altitude TKA patients.

Methods: This prospective, single-centre cohort study included high-altitude (above 2,500 m) TKA patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Deep-learning-enabled multi-omics analyses for prediction of future metastasis in cancer.

Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, yet predicting future metastasis is a major clinical challenge due to the lack of validated biomarkers and effective assessment methods. Here, we present EmitGCL, a deep-learning framework that accurately predicts future metastasis and its corresponding biomarkers. Based on a comprehensive benchmarking comparison, EmitGCL outperformed other computational tools across six cancer types from seven cohorts of patients with superior sensitivity and specificity.

MiR-100-5p as a biomarker in hand-arm vibration disease: Mediating pathogenesis through angiogenesis suppression.

Hand-arm vibration disease (HAVD), also known as occupational Raynaud's disease, is an occupational disease that can cause injuries to the microcirculation in the fingertips, might leading to severe vascular and neurological damage. While HAVD has been defined as a peripheral vascular injury disorders, its comprehensive disease mechanisms-spanning molecular drivers, pathophysiological cascades, and clinically actionable biomarkers remain substantially unelucidated. Our study has used miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) to investigate the differential expression of miRNAs in HAVD patients compared to workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Mitochondrial Transfer Promotes Tip Cell Phenotype via Glutathione Metabolic Reprogramming in Stroke Mice.

Angiogenesis is crucial to improving neurovascular remodeling poststroke. Therein, the transformation of endothelial cells (ECs) to tip cells is essential in initiating angiogenesis. Mitochondrial damage in ECs poststroke and associated metabolic disorder are key factors repressing angiogenesis, but the mechanisms are unknown.

Pharmacotherapy research landscape and knowledge gaps of opioids in maternal and pediatric populations.

The use and misuse of opioids has surged in the past decade, with nearly half of the users being female. Although opioid use is lower among pregnant women, trends mirror the general population. While pediatric exposures largely occur through prescriptions.