[Common detoxification mechanisms in processing of toxic medicinal herbs of the same genus: a case study of Euphorbia pekinensis, E. ebracteolata, and E. fischeriana].

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) processing is a specialized pharmaceutical technique with the primary objective of reducing the toxicity of medicinal substances. Euphorbia pekinensis, E. ebracteolata, and E.

GluA2 palmitoylation by SELENOK modulates AMPAR assembly and synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease.

Se is essential for central nervous system function, and its deficiency is strongly associated with cognitive decline, especially in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although Se exerts its effects through selenoproteins, the molecular basis of its neuroprotective action remains unclear. Among selenoproteins, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident selenoprotein K (SELENOK) is closely linked to cognitive function and therapeutic potential in AD.

Evaluation of occlusion immunities of free-space orbital angular momentum shift keying.

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) provides a new high-dimensional degree-of-freedom for lasers enabling high-dimensional shift keying, thus showing huge potential in free-space optical data-transmissions. Ensuring the accuracy of data transmission is of concern in any communication system. However, in the free-space OAM shift keying link, interferences from environmental occlusions will broaden the OAM spectrum and thus affect the correctness of information received.

Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease: epidemiology, pathogenetic overlaps, and clinical management.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are both classified as neurological movement disorders, and they may be interconnected due to abnormalities in the dopaminergic system. The incidence of RLS in PD patients is higher than that in the general population. And PD patients with RLS exhibit a higher age of onset, more severe depression, worse nutritional status, lower quality of life, and a relatively lower frequency and severity of RLS symptom.

A structured approach for identifying disease analogs for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Drug manufacturers often use disease analogs to describe diseases-particularly rare diseases-to payers, policymakers, and stakeholders. However, these comparisons are typically anecdotal. We propose a 4-step, systematic approach to identify disease analogs based on prespecified metrics and apply it to a rare disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), as a case study.

Effect of low-dose esketamine on postoperative quality of recovery in total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of intraoperative low-dose esketamine administered at anesthesia induction on postoperative quality of recovery in total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Patients And Methods: One-hundred six female patients scheduled for elective total laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly divided into saline group (group P) and esketamine group (group S). Group P received induction with normal saline, propofol, sufentanil, midazolam, and rocuronium, while group S received induction with low-dose esketamine (0.

Radiation-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and T cells dysfunction: Mechanistic insights and clinical implications - A review.

Regulatory T cells (T) play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance. These cells primarily reside in the gut and exhibit properties of gut homing and polarization. The intestinal microenvironment, influenced by cytokines such as IL-1β, TGF-β and IL-10, significantly affects T function.

Factors that increase utilization management risk: a proof of concept.

Objectives: To (1) develop a metric that quantitatively measures the risk that utilization management (UM) policies pose to patients and (2) measure the relationship between this metric and payers' real-world UM use.

Study Design: We conducted a targeted literature review and an expert elicitation exercise to create the Data-Based Utilization Management Risk Designation (BURDEN) score. Real-world data analysis measured the relationship between BURDEN and actual payer policies.

Transcriptome and Metabolomics Analysis Reveal the Effects of Red and Blue Light on the Physiology and Primary Medicinal Components (Liquiritin and Glycyrrhizic Acid) of Seedlings.

Fisch. is considered one of the most economically important medicinal plants worldwide. However, the quality of cultivated has not been adequate to meet the market demand.

Cyclized polyacrylonitrile Nanoparticles: Enhanced intratumoral delivery by photocatalysis and collagen denaturation.

Currently, cancer treatment remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the intrinsically complex biological characteristics of solid tumors and the elevated tumor interstitial pressure (TIP), which impedes the effective delivery of nanomedicines into the tumor. This interstitial pressure arises from the malignant proliferation of tumor cells, leading to compromised vascular and lymphatic systems, as well as a dense extracellular matrix (ECM). These factors result in the accumulation of interstitial fluid and the deposition of collagen within the tumor.

Structural characterisation of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata Bl. and its effects on two models of Alzheimer's disease.

In this study, Gastrodia elata polysaccharide (GEP) was successfully purified from Gastrodiae Rhizoma, and its structural properties and bioactivities were investigated. GEP, which had a molecular weight of 110.09 kDa, was a homogeneous polysaccharide comprising glucose units.

Brain-derived extracellular vesicles: A promising avenue for Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

The misfolding, aggregation, and deposition of alpha-synuclein into Lewy bodies are pivotal events that trigger pathological changes in Parkinson's disease. Extracellular vesicles are nanosized lipid-bilayer vesicles secreted by cells that play a crucial role in intercellular communication due to their diverse cargo. Among these, brain-derived extracellular vesicles, which are secreted by various brain cells such as neurons, glial cells, and Schwann cells, have garnered increasing attention.

Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics.

Tailoring multiple degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) to achieve high-dimensional laser field is crucial for advancing optical technologies. While recent advancements have demonstrated the ability to manipulate a limited number of DoFs, most existing methods rely on bulky optical components or intricate systems that employ time-consuming iterative methods and, most critically, the on-demand tailoring of multiple DoFs simultaneously through a compact, single element-remains underexplored. In this study, we propose an intelligent hybrid strategy that enables the simultaneous and customizable manipulation of six DoFs: wave vector, initial phase, spatial mode, amplitude, orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM).

Catalytic System-Controlled [4 + 1] and [4 + 2] Annulation for the Construction of Pyrazolo[1,2-]indazoles and Pyrazolo[1,2-]cinnolines from Pyrazolidinones and Diazo Indandiones.

Pyrazolo[1,2-]indazoles and pyrazolo[1,2-]cinnolines can be constructed selectively via catalytic system-controlled C(sp)-H activation/[4 + 1] cyclization and C(sp)-H activation/[4 + 2] cyclization reaction, utilizing pyrazolidinones and diazo indandiones. Employing two different Rh(III) catalysts, we successfully synthesized two distinct types of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, pyrazolo[1,2-]indazoles and pyrazolo[1,2-]cinnolines, respectively. Moreover, an inexpensive Ru(II) catalyst could also effectively generate pyrazolo[1,2-]cinnolines with moderate to good yields.

Single versus the Repetitive Penrose Process in a Kerr Black Hole.

Extracting the rotational energy from a Kerr black hole (BH) is one of the crucial topics in relativistic astrophysics. Here, we give special attention to the Penrose ballistic process based on the fission of a massive particle μ_{0} into two particles μ_{1} and μ_{2}, occurring in the ergosphere of a Kerr BH. Bardeen et al.

Research progress on critical viral protease inhibitors for coronaviruses and enteroviruses.

Viral infectious diseases have been seriously affecting human life and health. SARS-CoV-2 was the pathogen that caused Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the impact of COVID-19 is still existing. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the primary pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and no effective direct-acting antiviral drugs targeting EV71 has been approved yet.

Hepatic sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 promotes steatohepatitis by disrupting membrane sphingolipid metabolism.

Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) remains a major health challenge. Herein, we identify sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3) as a key driver of hepatic ceramide accumulation through increasing sphingomyelin hydrolysis at the cell membrane. Hepatocyte-specific Smpd3 gene disruption or pharmacological inhibition of SMPD3 alleviates MASH, whereas reintroducing SMPD3 reverses the resolution of MASH.

Risk assessment of potentially toxic elements, microplastics, and microorganisms in groundwater around municipal solid waste landfill.

Risk assessment of potential toxic elements (PTEs), microplastics (MPs) and microorganisms in groundwater around landfills is critical. Waste from landfills seeps into groundwater contaminating water quality, threatening groundwater safety, and negatively affecting the ecosystem. This study explored spatial and temporal changes in PTEs, MPs, and microorganisms in the groundwater around a closed landfill.

A 1.6 µm dual-channel cylindrical vector laser enabling multi-state shift keying.

A 1645 nm end-pumped dual-channel Er:YAG vector laser that could generate two cylindrical vector (CV) beams simultaneously with different polarization orders is demonstrated. The laser is designed in a two-arm structure, wherein each arm places a q-plate (QP) to introduce intra-cavity spin-orbital angular momentum conversion, leading to the oscillation of two various CV modes in two arms, and finally output along two directions, respectively. The favorable experimental results illustrate high power stability and polarization mode purity.

Employing a low-code machine learning approach to predict in-hospital mortality and length of stay in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high mortality rates and often results in prolonged hospital stays. The potential of machine learning to enhance prediction accuracy in this context is significant, yet clinicians often lack the programming skills required for effective data mining. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a low-code approach for assisting clinicians with data mining for mortality and length of stay (LOS) prediction in patients with CAP.

Yield increment and transcriptome response caused by blue light treatment in Hericium coralloides.

Background: Hericium coralloides is a traditional edible and medicinal mushroom. Light is a key factor in forming fruiting bodies of fungi; however, the effects of different light on the yield and morphogenesis of H. coralloides are still unknown.

Gastrodin reduces Aβ brain levels in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model by inhibiting P-glycoprotein ubiquitination.

Background: Studies have demonstrated the potential of gastrodin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, its mechanism of action remains elusive. Currently, the Amyloid-β (Aβ) cascade hypothesis continues to be the prevailing theory regarding AD etiology. The ubiquitination of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes to the accumulation of Aβ in the brain during AD.

The Combination of Gastrodin and Gallic Acid Synergistically Attenuates AngII-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammation via Regulation of Sphingolipid Metabolism.

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is closely related to endothelial damage. While tianma (TM) and gouqizi (GQZ) have the potential to be effective in the treatment of HTN in traditional Chinese medicine, their main active ingredients and whether its exert synergistic effects and the underlying mechanisms of synergistic effects are still unclear.

Objective: This study screened the active ingredients of TM and GQZ, investigated the synergistic effects of the active ingredients and explored possible mechanisms.

Insomnia in Parkinson's Disease: Causes, Consequences, and Therapeutic Approaches.

Sleep disorders represent prevalent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting over 90% of the PD population. Insomnia, characterized by difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep, emerges as the most frequently reported sleep disorder in PD, with prevalence rates reported from 27 to 80% across studies. Insomnia not only significantly impacts the quality of life of PD patients but is also associated with cognitive impairment, motor disabilities, and emotional deterioration.