Emerging Trends in cervical cancer Treatment: Transitioning from traditional to innovative delivery strategies.

Cervical cancer (CC) remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States, following breast cancer. As per American Cancer Society reports, with approximately 4,320 deaths expected annually, it continues to pose a significant threat to global public health. The highest prevalence of CC has been reported in low to middle-income nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, where screening and treatment are scarce.

Recombinant quadrivalent influenza vaccine (RIV) induces robust cell-mediated and HA-specific B cell humoral immune responses among healthcare personnel.

Egg-free influenza vaccines, specifically cell culture-based inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV) and recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV), represent a significant advancement over traditional egg-based inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV), particularly for populations with extensive vaccination histories. This comprehensive immunological study investigated the comparative efficacy of ccIIV, IIV, and RIV in healthcare personnel (HCP) with repeated vaccination histories, examining both cellular and humoral immune responses through multiple analytical approaches. Our investigation employed a multi-faceted analytical framework, combining serological assessments via hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays with detailed cellular immune response analysis.

LRRC8 complexes are ATP release channels that regulate platelet activation and arterial thrombosis.

Platelet shape and volume changes are early mechanical events contributing to platelet activation and thrombosis. Here, we identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms in leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) protein subunits that form the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), which are independently associated with altered mean platelet volume. LRRC8A is required for functional VRAC in megakaryocytes (MKs) and regulates platelet volume; adhesion; and agonist-stimulated activation, aggregation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion, and calcium mobilization.

Diagnostic Modalities for Detecting Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis and Resistance Patterns of Rifampicin and Isoniazid at a Referral Hospital: A Retro Prospective Study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, results in approximately 1.5 million annual deaths globally. Diagnosing extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) remains challenging due to the invasive nature of sample collection and limitations in conventional diagnostic sensitivity.

Unravelling the Thermophysical Properties of Trisodium Citrate and Disodium Tartrate in Aqueous 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethyl Sulfate Solutions: Insights from Volumetric, Acoustic, Viscometric and Computational Studies.

The research focuses on studying the thermophysical properties of trisodium citrate and disodium tartrate in aqueous solutions of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate, i.e., (0.

A Seven-Decade Analysis: What Does the Gender Breakdown of Award Recipients in the All India Ophthalmological Society Reveal?

Introduction Professional awards and honors given by the medical societies help their members to boost their academic excellence and encourage leadership opportunities. The present study aimed to analyze the gender distribution of award recipients, identify any existing gender disparities, and assess factors influencing recognition in the field of ophthalmology. Methods This was an observational study with data extracted from the publicly available All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS) website.

Development of phenylboronic acid functionalized poly (lactic--glycolic acid) nanoparticles for novel co-delivery of chemo-herbal combination towards lung cancer: an and proof of concept.

This study includes a novel chemo-herbal combination using biochanin A (BCA) and lenvatinib (LTB) to synergize each other's anti-cancer activities. Phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized poly (lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) was employed to specifically target the sialic acid overexpressed in lung cancer. ATR, DSC, and NMR studies confirmed the successful synthesis of PBA-PLGA, which was further utilized for the development of BCA and LTB co-loaded PBA-PLGA nanoparticles (PBA-PLGA-BCA-LTB NPs).

A review on experimental and epidemiological research exploring the pathophysiology and progression of pesticide-induced diabetes mellitus.

Global epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that includes insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and chronic hyperglycemia. DM is known traditionally as lifestyle and genetic predisposition, but the role of environmental pollutants, especially pesticides, has increasingly been at the forefront of attention. Pesticides such as organophosphates, organochlorines, carbamates, and pyrethroids are strong endocrine disruptors, disturbing glucose homeostasis by inhibiting insulin signaling pathways, producing oxidative stress, and activating chronic inflammation.

Vacancy-Driven Mesoporous CeO-Based Protective Coatings with Tailored Structure-Morphology for Stable Zn Metal Anodes.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are poised to become a scalable and safe energy storage technology based on their high theoretical capacity, small redox potential of Zn/Zn, and nonflammable electrolytes. However, its practical application is hampered by such problems as dendrite formation and zinc corrosion. This study presents a novel approach to enhancing ZIB performance by employing a mesoporous hollow cerium oxide (CeO) coating on the zinc anode.

Understanding sexual and reproductive health need of unmarried adolescents and youth in urban slums: evidence from a formative study in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: Despite the intentional focus of national programs and strategies in last decade, unmarried adolescents and youth (AY) face multiple challenges related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information, and access to health and counseling services. With massive urbanization and growing slum and more focus on married youth, the situation and need of unmarried AY are often overlooked. The present study explores the SRH need of AY to gain a holistic understanding of the SRH landscape in the context of slums of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Risk factors for ACL revision failure and optimum graft size for revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Introduction: Graft re-rupture is a devastating complication after revision ACLR surgery. The literature regarding the risk factors of graft re-rupture is sparse and not definitive. Studies have suggested that a smaller graft diameter is associated with poorer outcomes after primary ACLR, however there is a paucity of literature regarding the effects of graft size on revision ACLR outcomes.

Expression of inflammatory proteins STAT & NFĸB for phenotypic diagnosis of gall bladder cancer: A pilot study.

Background & objectives Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a low overall survival rate due to late detection and poor prognosis. Chronic inflammation contributes to malignant conversion and metastasis in GBC. Expression of inflammatory proteins, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription factor (STAT) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFĸB) proteins, for diagnosis through immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a promising area of research; however, diagnosis of GBC through IHC-based methods is still in its infancy.

Prevalence and burden of no-toilet households in India: an analysis of 261,746 households in 36 states/Union Territories in 2022-2023.

India's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was a nation-wide program aimed at providing households with toilets to eliminate open defecation. Between 2016 and 2021, millions of households gained access to a toilet. However, as of 2021, over 238 million people still did not have a toilet, and there was considerable variation in this outcome between India's states and Union Territories.

Adoption of the New Nomenclature of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) by the Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL): Implications for the INASL Guidance Paper on NAFLD.

The transition from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) reflects a paradigm shift in hepatology, emphasising metabolic dysfunction as the central driver in patients with MASLD. This inclusive terminology, endorsed by over 70 international organisations including the Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL), reduces stigma of 'fatty and alcohol' and allows the co-existence of other liver disease etiologies along with MASLD. In the present commentary, we discuss the implications of the adoption of new nomenclature of MASLD on the INASL guidance paper on NAFLD, which was published in 2023, before the Delphi consensus on MASLD.

antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antiproliferative activities of methanol extracts of bark.

has traditionally been applied to treat heart disease, chronic weight loss, improved digestion, memory loss, convulsion and epilepsy, psychological problems, and neurologic pains. Prior studies have already elucidated the potential therapeutic effects of C. religiosa.

Current concepts and recent trends in endothelial keratoplasty.

Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is defined as an umbrella term comprising methods for selective surgical replacement of corneal endothelium and adjacent corneal tissue, which retains healthy portions of a patient's cornea while replacing diseased innermost corneal layer(s) with healthy donor tissue, to achieve corneal dehydration and transparency before the onset of irreversible stromal edema and permanent loss of corneal clarity. Recently, the pathophysiology of corneal decompensation is increasingly being researched upon. Consequent improvement in pharmacotherapy is progressively leading to reduction in the indications of EK.

Tyrosine Peptides Alleviates Multifaceted Toxicity Linked to Expanded CGG Repeats in Fragile X‑Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome.

Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)/Fragile X-associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI) are conditions caused by an elevated level of CGG repeats in the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. These trinucleotide extended RNA repeats [r-(CGG)] produce toxic homopolymeric proteins in neuronal cells via repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation or formation of RNA foci. A promising therapeutic approach for such conditions involves identifying potent modulators, particularly those with high binding affinity and selectivity toward these expanded RNA repeats.

Enzymatic approaches to nicotinic acid synthesis: recent advances and future prospects.

Biocatalyst-mediated reactions have led to revolutionary transformations in the organic synthesis of pharmaceuticals, drugs, and other chemicals. Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) is an essential precursor for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis and is vital for numerous metabolic processes. Since the human body cannot synthesize nicotinic acid, it relies on external sources.

Aurora kinases signaling in cancer: from molecular perception to targeted therapies.

Aurora kinases, AURKA, AURKB, and AURKC, are serine/threonine kinases that play a vital role in regulating cell division and mitosis, particularly in the separation of chromosomes. These kinases are often overexpressed in human tumor cell lines, indicating their potential involvement in tumorigenesis. Preliminary evidence supports the use of Aurora kinase inhibitors for certain types of tumors, several AURKs inhibitors are currently under phase I and II trials.

Structure-Based Design of PROTACS for the Degradation of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase.

The bifunctional soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) represents a promising target for inflammation-related diseases. Although potent inhibitors targeting each domain are available, sEH-PROTACs offer the unique ability to simultaneously block both enzymatic functions, mimicking the sEH knockout phenotype, which has been associated with reducing inflammation, including neuroinflammation, and delaying the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we report the structure-based development of a potent sEH-PROTAC as a useful pharmacological tool.

On-chip amorphous terahertz topological photonic interconnects.

Valley Hall photonic crystals (VPCs) offer the potential for creating topological waveguides capable of guiding light through sharp bends on a chip, enabling seamless integration with functional components in compact spaces, making them a promising technology for terahertz topological photonic integrated circuits. However, a key limitation for terahertz-scale integrated VPC-based devices has been the absence of arbitrary bend interconnects, as traditional VPC-designs restricted to principal lattice axes (i.e.

Deep structure-function analysis of the endonuclease Mus81 with dominant mutational scanning.

Protein structure-function relationships are critical for understanding molecular mechanisms and the impacts of genetic variation. Mutational scanning approaches can deliver scalable analysis, usually through the study of loss-of-function variants. Rarer dominant negative and gain-of-function variants can be more information rich, as they retain a stable proteoform and can be used to dissect molecular function while retaining biological context.

Comprehensive framework for thyroid disorder diagnosis: Integrating advanced feature selection, genetic algorithms, and machine learning for enhanced accuracy and other performance matrices.

Thyroid hormones control crucial physiological activities, such as metabolism, oxidative stress, erythropoiesis, thermoregulation, and organ development. Hormonal imbalances may cause serious conditions like cognitive impairment, depression, and nervous system damage. Traditional diagnostic techniques, based on hormone level measurements (TSH, T3, FT4, T4, and FTI), are usually lengthy and laborious.