Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of to Formate Using Immobilized Molecular Manganese Catalysts on Oxidized Porous Silicon.

The selective reduction of to formate using molecular catalysts immobilized on high surface area porous silicon is described. Manganese complexes of the form (bpy)Mn(CO)Br (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) were prepared with silatrane groups on the bpy ligand for attachment to oxide-coated porous silicon (SiO-porSi). SiO-porSi wafers were formed by heating hydrogen-terminated p-type porous silicon wafers under air and the manganese complexes were immobilized on SiO-porSi by heating at 80 °C.

Patterns of Liver Injury and Adaptation in Patients With Abdominal Tuberculosis on Antituberculosis Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with a higher risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with antituberculosis treatment (ATT). Nevertheless, hepatic dysfunctions in some patients can also regress to normalization due to hepatic adaptation (HA). Prospective data specifically addressing these issues in patients with abdominal tuberculosis (ATB) is lacking.

Influence of Dental Stages on Orofacial Muscle Strength and Oral Motor Behavior in Children.

Aim: To study the effect of dental stages on orofacial muscle strength and masticatory and swallowing function in healthy children.

Methods: A total of 120 children were recruited and divided into 6 groups according to Hellman's criteria for dental stages: primary, early mixed (IIC), early mixed (IIIA), late mixed, early permanent and late permanent. Each group underwent a series of tests to measure their orofacial muscle strength and masticatory and swallowing function.

Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Glycemic Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin found in green tea, has been suggested to influence glycemic control. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effects of EGCG on the glycemic index (GI) and related glycemic parameters.

Methods: Using predefined keywords, online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant studies, published from inception up to May 2024.

Cyclodextrin-AmB-IL-10 antagonist peptide nanoparticles treat leishmaniasis more effectively than conventional AmB.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a novel nanotherapeutic approach by combining an interleukin-10 (IL-10) peptide antagonist with amphotericin B (AmB) to enhance antileishmanial efficacy while reducing cytotoxicity.

Materials And Methods: A peptide antagonist targeting IL-10, identified via analysis and showing minimal cytotoxicity (95% promastigote viability at 20 µg/mL), was synthesized and conjugated with AmB using chemical cross-linkers. The conjugate was encapsulated in gamma-cyclodextrin to produce uniform nanoparticles (~40 nm).

Elucidation of Marcus Relationships for Hydride Transfer Reactions Involving Transition Metal Hydrides.

The rate of hydride transfer from three Ir hydride complexes of the type Cp*Ir(bpy)H (Cp* = CMe; bpy = 4,4'-R-2,2'-bipyridine, R = OMe, H, COMe) to six -methylacridinium (Acr) acceptors with electronically different substituents in the 2- or 2,7-positions were measured. Using the thermodynamic hydricity of the donors and the hydride affinity of the acceptors the thermodynamic driving forces for hydride transfer were determined. Brønsted plots, which correlate kinetic and thermodynamic hydricity, demonstrate distinct linear free energy relationships for each complex, with different Brønsted α values.

Eye-tracking metrics to compare visual attention in prosthodontic preclinical evaluations.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate gaze behavior during tooth preparation assessments by analyzing and comparing eye-tracking metrics between novice and expert groups.

Methods: Thirty-five participants, divided into novices (n = 18, mean age = 22.9 ± 1.

Sustainable reduction of Cr (VI) by green synthesized chitosan coated copper (II) nanoparticles in batch reactor system: Isotherm, thermodynamics and kinetic study.

This study explores the use of green-synthesized chitosan-coated CuO nanoparticle (Ch-CuNs) for the sustainable removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles, while energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and elemental analysis verified the presence of Cr (VI) on the nanoparticle surface, indicating successful adsorption. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis identified functional groups on the nanoparticles that actively participated in Cr (VI) adsorption.

Therapeutic potential of Boswellia serrata in arthritis management: mechanistic insights into COX-2, 5-LOX, and NFĸB modulation.

Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and progressive cartilage degeneration, significantly impacting patient's quality of life. Current pharmacological treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, provide symptomatic relief but are associated with adverse effects and limited long-term efficacy. Boswellia serrata, a medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine, has gained attention for its potential in arthritis management due to its anti-inflammatory, chondroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties.

DeepHybrid-CNN: A hybrid approach for pre-processing of skin cancer images.

In the current technological era, digital imaging is ubiquitous, and it serves a crucial purpose in the realm of medical research. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and its early diagnosis is essential to reduce the mortality rates. An impediment that must be overcome to identify essential image details for computerized cancer segmentation effectively and classification is the presence of a variety of noise types, as well as hair in the acquired skin lesion images.

Flecainide fallout: a rare case report of refractory ventricular tachycardia and updated management strategies.

Background: Flecainide is a Class IC antiarrhythmic drug used to treat arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Its mechanism involves blocking sodium channels, leading to QRS widening, especially at higher heart rates. This property increases the risk of pro-arrhythmic events, particularly in patients with structural heart disease or ischaemia.

Synergistic Composite Solid Electrolyte Based on Multifunctional Polymer Networks for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries.

The advancement of polymer-based solid-state electrolytes (SPEs) is essential for the development of high energy density (ED) and long-operation durability lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). However, conventional poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolytes suffer from insufficient ionic conductivity (IC) at room temperature (RT) and limited capability to suppress lithium (Li) dendrite growth, particularly under high-rate operations. These challenges arise from unfavorable anion-solvate structures, which lead to a reduced Li-ion transference number (LITN) and hinder efficient ion transport.

A Novel Phosphatase Reverses the Leloir Pathway to Promote Tagatose Synthesis from Glucose.

d-Tagatose is a natural, low-calorie, rare monosaccharide that has gained substantial interest as an alternative sweetener. It offers numerous benefits, including a low glycemic index, prebiotic properties, and the ability to lower blood sugar levels. Currently, tagatose is primarily produced industrially through the isomerization of galactose, utilizing both chemical and enzymatic catalysis.

Pyramidal attention-based T network for brain tumor classification: a comprehensive analysis of transfer learning approaches for clinically reliable and reliable AI hybrid approaches.

Brain tumors are a significant challenge to human health as they impair the proper functioning of the brain and the general quality of life, thus requiring clinical intervention through early and accurate diagnosis. Although current state-of-the-art deep learning methods have achieved remarkable progress, there is still a gap in the representation learning of tumor-specific spatial characteristics and the robustness of the classification model on heterogeneous data. In this paper, we introduce a novel Pyramidal Attention-Based bi-partitioned T Network (PABT-Net) that combines the hierarchical pyramidal attention mechanism and T-block based bi-partitioned feature extraction, and a self-convolutional dilated neural classifier as the final task.

Interfacial Engineering of a NaGdF@NaYF:Nd-Reinforced PVA/Chitosan Janus Hydrogel for Osteosarcoma and Osseointegration via the Entrapment of Strontium in Bisphosphonates.

Postoperative impacts after osteosarcoma excision such as tumor recurrence and critical-sized bone defects continue to pose significant therapeutic challenges. Conventional implants employed to treat these defects often pose negligence in eliminating the residual tumor cells. The current study aims to address these constraints through the development of a multifunctional Janus hydrogel.

Design and implementation of a low-cost gimbal-based angular ultrasound gantry for optimal tissue slice selection using deep learning.

Ultrasound (US) is a widely popular imaging technique for the diagnosis of tumors and associated soft tissue pathology. Traditionally, excised tumor masses are manually sliced for microscopic examination, which is a resource-intensive, time-consuming process, and prone to human error. The proposed work addresses these challenges by developing a cost-effective US gantry system integrated with a deep learning algorithm to automate the tissue slice selection process.

Bacterial Contamination of Spacer Devices Used by Asthmatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of bacterial contamination of spacer devices used by asthmatic children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary centre in India included asthmatic children aged 5 to 17 years who were using metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer for at least three months. A sterile cotton swab pre-moistened in sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, rotated around the inner surface of the spacers, was smeared on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates.

Mechanical characterization of brain tissue: experimental techniques, human testing considerations, and perspectives.

Understanding the mechanical behavior of brain tissue is crucial for advancing both fundamental neuroscience and clinical applications. Yet, accurately measuring these properties remains challenging due to the brain's unique mechanical attributes and complex anatomical structures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of commonly used techniques for characterizing brain tissue mechanical properties, covering both invasive methods-such as atomic force microscopy, indentation, axial mechanical testing, and oscillatory shear testing-and noninvasive approaches like magnetic resonance elastography and ultrasound elastography.

Innovating medical education using a cost effective and scalable VR platform with AI-Driven haptics.

Virtual Reality (VR) technology offers a scalable and cost-effective approach to overcome the challenges of traditional medical training, including high expenses, limited resources, and ethical issues. This study presents a VR-based medical training platform that combines high-fidelity 3D models, real-time haptic feedback, and AI-driven adaptive learning to deliver interactive and immersive instructions for a wide range of medical procedures, from basic tasks to complex surgeries. In a randomized controlled trial, participants trained with the VR platform demonstrated significant gains over those using conventional methods, with a 42% improvement in procedural accuracy, a 38% reduction in training time, and better skill retention.

Comparison of the accuracy of static and dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery in extraction sockets, encased healed sites, and distal extension: an in vitro study.

Objectives: This study compared the accuracy of static and dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) by measuring the magnitudes and directions of coronal, apical, and angular deviations across three experimental scenarios.

Methods: An in vitro study was conducted on 33 maxillary models per group, using static (s-CAIS) or dynamic CAIS (d-CAIS). Each model included three experimental conditions: Extraction Socket (#21), Encased Healed Site (#23), and Distal Healed Site (#26).

Fully automated standalone microfluidic integrated electrochemiluminescence platform for sample-to-answer detection of diabetes complication markers.

The current standard for diabetes care primarily relies on the finger prick blood sample method to monitor glucose levels. However, this approach is often painful, poses a risk of infection to patients, and provides limited metabolic insights. To address these limitations, a non-invasive approach using easily accessible biofluids such as sweat and urine offers a painless alternative to traditional blood tests.

Optimisation tools for meeting nutrient requirements of Indian children and adults at optimal cost.

Objective: To present a tool and examine the minimum cost of a healthy and diverse diet that meets the daily requirements of essential nutrients for the people of India, using interactive web-based tools.

Design: Linear-programming algorithms were adapted into two web-based tools: a Food Optimisation for Population (FOP) tool and a Diet Optimisation Tool (DOT). The FOP optimises daily food choices at a population level, considering local food consumption patterns.

The Role of Ultrasound and Computed Tomography in Evaluating Right Iliac Fossa Pain in Young Patients.

Background: Right iliac fossa (RIF) pain is a common clinical presentation in young patients, with differential diagnoses ranging from appendicitis to gynecological and urological conditions. This study evaluates the role of ultrasound (USG) and computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing RIF pain.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 patients aged 15-35 years presenting with RIF pain.

Tough-engineered multifunctional alendronate anchoring of dysprosium impregnated luminescent polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan composite hydrogels.

Fabrication of multifunctional tissue engineered scaffolds with superior mechanical strength, and biocompatibility in combination with excellent contrast behaviour and luminescence is a daunting task. Herein, dysprosium integrated polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan hydrogel with the salient features of better mechanical strength, superior luminescence, T contrast efficiency, alongside biocompatibility has been fabricated by the freeze-thawing technique. The swelling capacity ∼400 % has paved the way in anchoring the alendronate drug and demonstrated a sustained drug release ∼32 % for 10 h through Fickian diffusion.