Generation of More Potent Components at Higher Temperatures Offsets Toxicity Reduction despite Reduced Mass Emissions during Biomass Burning.

Biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOAs) represent a major global health hazard. Their toxicity varies significantly due to the diversity of combustion conditions, which shape mixtures of components with differing toxic potency. We quantified component-specific contributions to intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to BBOAs produced under controlled combustion conditions.

Frailty Evaluation for Short-Term Mortality Prediction of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Frailty is increasingly recognized as an important prognostic factor in trauma patients. Its role in predicting short-term mortality after traumatic brain injury (TBI), however, remains uncertain. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between baseline frailty and short-term mortality (within 12 months) in TBI patients.

Rapid Progression of Primary Pulmonary NUT Midline Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Primary pulmonary nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare malignancy with characteristics that resemble those of squamous cell carcinoma, thus making it prone to both misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Primary pulmonary NMC is highly malignant and associated with poor prognosis, with no standardised effective treatments for patients who cannot undergo surgery. Concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy is considered an effective approach, and some targeted drugs have been clinically tested and demonstrated favourable results.

Metagenomic sequencing for identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria and other pathogens in patients with mixed infection of the lung.

Background: It can be difficult to distinguish lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), , and mixed infections (MIs) that include NTM. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) is a highly sensitive method that can reliably identify lung pathogens. We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients who had MIs of the lungs that included NTM and received mNGS testing.

Development and Evaluation of a MinION Full-Length 16S rDNA Sequencing Analysis Pipeline for Rapid Diagnosis of Animal Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Rapid and accurate detection of the causes of gastrointestinal diseases in farmed and companion animals is crucial for advancing livestock farming and safeguarding public health safety. Diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria infections often result in the overrepresentation of pathogens in the gut microbiota; however, gut microbiota dysbiosis without obvious pathogen overrepresentation can also lead to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Traditional cultivation-based diagnostic methods are time-consuming and ineffective in identifying microbiota dysbiosis-associated diseases.

Rising prevalence and drug resistance of in lower respiratory tract infections.

() is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly colonizing the skin and mucosa in healthy individuals and hospitalized patients. Traditionally regarded as a contaminant, is now increasingly recognized as a potential cause of clinical infections, especially after the coronavirus disease pandemic. It has emerged as a pathogen implicated in severe infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, artificial joint infections, abdominal infections, and endocarditis.

Efficacy of Oriental Exercises for Non-Motor Symptoms and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder without a definitive cure. Oriental exercises (OEs) have emerged as a complementary and alternative therapy for PD, but their efficacy in ameliorating non-motor symptoms (NMS) and quality of life (QOL) remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis actively investigated the efficacy of OEs in addressing NMS and enhancing QOL and sought to offer recommendations for optimal OE regimens for PD patients.

Beneficial effect of sequential treatment with high-dose steroids and short-course oral glucocorticoids in patients with severe influenza virus-associated pneumonia.

Accumulating evidence supports that glucocorticoid treatment for viral pneumonia (VPA) can shorten the disease course and improve survival. However, currently, the use of glucocorticoids in treating VPA remains controversial. Moreover, a unified standard for the dosage and duration of glucocorticoid therapy has not been presented in published articles.

MiR-146a-5p engineered hucMSC-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate -induced allergic airway epithelial cell inflammation.

Introduction: Allergic asthma is prevalent in children, with Dermatophagoides farinae as a common indoor allergen. Current treatments for allergic airway inflammation are limited and carry risks. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) show promise as a cell-free therapeutic approach.

SMAD4 promotes EMT in COPD airway remodeling induced by cigarette smoke through interaction with O-GlcNAc transferase.

Cigarette smoke (CS) is a prevalent chemical indoor air contaminant known to be the primary cause of EMT during airway remodeling in COPD. While some evidence indicates the involvement of SMAD4 in EMT across certain diseases, its specific role in CS-induced EMT in airway remodeling associated with COPD is not established. In our research, we observed a substantial upregulation in SMAD4 expression, O-GlcNAcylation and EMT in patients with COPD, as well as in vitro and in vivo COPD models induced by CS, than those of the controls.

The association between SII and aging: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.

Background: The study aimed to examine the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a contemporary metric of systemic inflammatory response, and biological aging, which are closely interconnected processes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized 10 cycles of data from the NHANES database spanning from 1990 to 2018. The study examined the relationship between the SII index, calculated as P * N/L, where P represents preoperative peripheral platelet count, N represents neutrophil count, and L represents lymphocyte count, and biological aging.

circADAMTS6 via stabilizing CAMK2A is involved in smoking-induced emphysema through driving M2 macrophage polarization.

Cigarette smoke (CS), an indoor environmental pollutant, is a prominent risk factor for emphysema, which is a pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emerging function of circRNAs in immune responses and disease progression shed new light to explore the pathogenesis of emphysema. In this research, we demonstrated, by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), that the ratio of M2 macrophages were increased in lung tissues of humans and mice with smoking-related emphysema.

Characterization of Probiotic Properties and Whole-Genome Analysis of N5 and N7 Isolated from Swine.

In our previous microbiome profiling analysis, () was suggested to contribute to resistance against chronic heat stress-induced diarrhea in weaned piglets. Forty-nine strains were isolated from these heat stress-resistant piglets, and their probiotic properties were assessed. Strains N5 and N7 exhibited a high survival rate in acidic and bile environments, along with an antagonistic effect against .

A vascularized adipose organoid model using stromal vascular fraction cells from ruminant animals.

In vitro cell culture serves as an efficient system for studying animal cell behavior in a controlled setting. Here, we present a 3D culture model for forming ruminant adipose organoids using stromal vascular fraction cells. We describe steps for forming cell spheroids and growing them on a Matrigel-coated surface.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia contributes to smoking-related emphysema through IRF1-triggered PANoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells.

Cigarette smoke (CS), the main source of indoor air pollution and the primary risk factor for respiratory diseases, contains chemicals that can perturb microbiota through antibiotic effects. Although smoking induces a disturbance of microbiota in the lower respiratory tract, whether and how it contributes to initiation or promotion of emphysema are not well clarified. Here, we demonstrated an aberrant microbiome in lung tissue of patients with smoking-related COPD.

microRNAs released to external environments via exosomes regulate inflammation-related gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Background: (DFA) is an important species of house dust mites (HDMs) that causes allergic diseases. Previous studies have focused on allergens with protein components to explain the allergic effect of HDMs; however, there is little knowledge on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the allergic effect of HDMs. This study aimed to unravel the new mechanism of dust mite sensitization from the perspective of cross-species transport of extracellular vesicles-encapsulated miRNAs from HDMs.

Expression Profiles of circRNAs and Identification of hsa_circ_0007608 and hsa_circ_0064656 as Potential Biomarkers for COPD-PH Patients.

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can worsen the prognosis and increase the mortality of COPD patients. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been discovered to participate in the occurrence and progression of PH in COPD and may have significant prospects for advanced diagnostics and prognosis evaluation. However, the expression profile of circRNAs in human lung tissues with definite diagnosis of COPD-PH remains to be further explored and validated.

Relationship between Components, Intestinal Microbiota, and Mechanism of Hypoglycemic Effect of the Saggy Ink Cap Medicinal Mushroom (Coprinus Comatus, Agaricomycetes): A Review.

Coprinus comatus is rich in a variety of nutrients, which has been reported to display a good hypoglycemic effect. However, there is no consensus on the hypoglycemic mechanism of this mushroom. Intestinal microbiota, a complex and intrinsic system, is closely related to metabolism.

Exosomes Derived from Induce Allergic Airway Inflammation.

House dust mites (HDMs) are a major source of indoor allergens that cause airway allergic disease. , a predominant species of HDMs in China, has demonstrated pathogenic role in allergic disorders. Exosomes derived from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have been strongly associated with allergic respiratory diseases progression.

NOD1 mediated D. pteronyssinus-induced allergic airway inflammation through RIP2/NF-κB.

Background: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) is the main cause of allergic airway inflammation. As the earliest intracytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors (PRR), NOD1 has been identified as key inflammatory mediator in NOD-like receptor (NLR) family.

Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of a Chinese pedigree of type 2 diabetes complicated with interstitial lung disease.

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disorder which may target the lungs and lead to interstitial lung disease. The clinical characteristics and mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have been studied. However, little work has been done to assess genetic contributions to the development of T2DM complicated with ILD.

Poly-pathways metabolomics for high-yielding cordycepin of Cordyceps militaris.

Cordycepin is an important quality control marker in Cordyceps militaris. This study aimed to explain the metabolic mechanisms for high-yielding cordycepin of C. militaris.