Within-host resistance evolution of ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae in an ICU immunosuppressed patient under antibiotic pressure of polymyxins, ceftazidime-avibactam, and meropenem.

Objectives: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a major pathogen in healthcare-associated infections, posing a severe and potentially fatal threat to critically ill patients. This study aims to investigate the evolution of antimicrobial resistance under the selective pressure from multiple antibiotics in immunocompromised patients in intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: In this study, we report the complex dynamic evolution of resistance in ST15 CRKP in an immunocompromised critically ill patient, driven by adjustments in antibiotic regimens involving polymyxin, ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), and meropenem.

The characteristics of methicillin-resistant co-infection in COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) stands as a pervasive and important pathogen in the co-infections during the COVID-19 pandemic given its high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to characterize MRSA isolates obtained from COVID-19 pneumonia with MRSA co-infection patients during the COVID-19 pandemic wave in China from 2022 to 2024. Fifty MRSA isolates collected form COVID-19 pneumonia with MRSA co-infection patients (MRSA-COC) and 50 MRSA isolates collected from MRSA pneumonia patients without COVID-19 (MRSA-CON) were enrolled in this study.

20-Acetylsinularolide B (ASB) From Lobophytum crassum Exhibits Anticancer Activity In Vitro Through IGF1R/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway.

As lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, the development of novel therapeutic drugs is essential. 20-Acetylsinularolide B (ASB) is a diterpene isolated from marine soft coral Lobophytum crassum. Our previous studies demonstrated that ASB exhibits growth-inhibitory effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Research progress of cycloartane triterpenoids and pharmacological activities.

Cycloartane triterpenoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and there have been reports of hundreds of families containing cycloartane triterpenoids. But the types and content of cycloartane are different among various plants. In recent years, a large amount of cycloartane triterpenoids have been extracted and studied from different plants, and some types of cycloartane triterpenoids exhibit great pharmacological activities in terms of antiaging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiarrhythmic effects, and so on.

Rapid and precise treatment selection for antimicrobial-resistant infection enabled by a nano-dilution SlipChip.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an increasingly severe threat to global health, and AMR-associated infection is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Due to the long turnaround time and the limited flexibility and availability of current antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods, a large portion of patients with bacterial infections are still treated empirically, increasing the risk of mistreatment. To address the demand for precision treatment of bacterial infections, we developed a nano-dilution SlipChip (nd-SlipChip)-based systematic evaluation method, which facilitates rapid, logic feedback for the assessment of antibiotics, antibiotic combinations, and phage therapy.

A 10-year retrospective study of methicillin-resistant from burn wound infection in southeast China from 2013 to 2022.

Background: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is one of the most commonly encountered pathogens among burn patients incurring substantial morbidity and mortality. To investigate the epidemiology and features of MRSA in burn wound infections, we conducted a 10-year retrospective study on MRSA isolated from burn patients with burn wound infections from southeast China from 2013 to 2022.

Methods: One hundred MRSA isolates (10 isolates each year) from burn wound infection among burn patients from 2013 to 2022 were randomly selected and enrolled.

Simultaneous capturing phonon and electron dynamics in MXenes.

Plasmonic MXenes are of particular interest, because of their unique electron and phonon structures and multiple surface plasmon effects, which are different from traditional plasmonic materials. However, to date, how electronic energy damp to lattice vibrations (phonons) in MXenes has not been unraveled. Here, we employed ultrafast broadband impulsive vibrational spectroscopy to identify the energy damping channels in MXenes (TiCT and MoCT).

Clinical validation of a multiplex droplet digital PCR for diagnosing suspected bloodstream infections in ICU practice: a promising diagnostic tool.

Background: Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a promising tool of pathogen detection in bloodstream infections (BSIs) in critical care medicine. However, different ddPCR platforms have variable sensitivity and specificity for diverse microorganisms at various infection sites. There is still a lack of prospective clinical studies aimed at validating and interpreting the discrepant ddPCR results for diagnosing BSI in intensive care unit (ICU) practice.

Transmission of Nonconjugative Virulence or Resistance Plasmids Mediated by a Self-Transferable IncN3 Plasmid from Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a critical challenge to clinical and public health. Along with conjugative plasmids, nonconjugative resistance or virulence plasmids associated with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), hypervirulent K.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Type VII Secretion System in Indicates Its Possible Sequence Type-Dependent Diversity.

causes sepsis and meningitis in neonates, presenting substantial clinical challenges. Type VII secretion system (T7SS), an important secretion system identified in sp. and Gram-positive bacteria, was recently characterized in and considered to contribute to its virulence and pathogenesis.

Emerging resistance to ceftriaxone treatment owing to different ampD mutations in Enterobacter roggenkampii.

Objectives: The Enterobacter cloacae complex is responsible for a variety of infections in hospitalized patients and is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics owing to the expression of AmpC β-lactamase. We report emerging resistance in Enterobacter roggenkampii exposed to ceftriaxone and explore the mechanism underlying mutations responsible for this resistance.

Methods: Three strains were derived from different samples from one patient (blood and liver abscess fluid).

Clinical Characteristics of Bloodstream Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients: A 5-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Immunosuppressed patients with bloodstream infection are at risk of mortality. Our objective was to assess the independent risk factors of bloodstream infection with mortality in immunosuppressive states.

Methods: The medical data of a total of 896 patients who were hospitalized in our hospital were collected from January 2015 to December 2019.

Mobilization of the nonconjugative virulence plasmid from hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae, as a global priority pathogen, is well known for its capability of acquiring mobile genetic elements that carry resistance and/or virulence genes. Its virulence plasmid, previously deemed nonconjugative and restricted within hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP), has disseminated into classic K.

Performance of VITEK 2, E-test, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, and modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion compared to reference broth microdilution for testing tigecycline susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii in a multicenter study in China.

Tigecycline is an alternative antibiotic for managing carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, disk diffusion and automated testing often show false-intermediate or false-resistant results in tigecycline susceptibility, misleading clinical antimicrobial therapy. Broth microdilution (BMD) is the reference method for testing tigecycline susceptibility, but it is labor intensive and time consuming to perform in clinical laboratories.

Surface Oxidation Modulates the Interfacial and Lateral Thermal Migration of MXene (TiCT) Flakes.

The thermal management of MXene (TiCT) plays a crucial role in its performance during various emerging applications. However, it is unclear how the inevitable oxidation structure of TiCT influences the thermal dissipation, which might hinder its long-term performance and even create thermal damage. Here we show the thermal migration of a TiCT flake with surface oxidation in film and water by combining ultrafast pump-probe technique with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Emerging coexistence of three PMQR genes on a multiple resistance plasmid with a new surrounding genetic structure of qnrS2 in E. coli in China.

Background: Quinolones are commonly used for treatment of infections by bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. However, the rising resistance to quinolones worldwide poses a major clinical and public health risk. This study aimed to characterise a novel multiple resistance plasmid carrying three plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Escherichia coli clinical stain RJ749.

Paeonol Derivatives and Pharmacological Activities: A Review of Recent Progress.

Paeonol, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy acetophenone, is one of the main active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine such as Cynanchum paniculatum, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Modern medical research has shown that paeonol has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In recent years, a large number of studies have been carried out on the structure modification of paeonol and the mechanism of action of paeonol derivatives has been studied.

New genetic context of composed of two multi-resistance gene clusters in clinical ST-19 strains.

Background: Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic used to treat staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. Reports of clinical isolates with the rare lincosamide resistance/macrolide susceptibility (L/M) phenotype are increasing worldwide. In this study, we characterised three clinical strains with the unusual L phenotype from China.

A Multidrug Resistance Plasmid pIMP26, Carrying bla, fosA5, bla, and qnrB4 in Enterobacter cloacae.

IMP-26 was a rare IMP variant with more carbapenem-hydrolyzing activities, which was increasingly reported now in China. This study characterized a transferable multidrug resistance plasmid harboring bla from one Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream isolate in Shanghai and investigated the genetic environment of resistance genes. The isolate was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing using broth microdilution method, Etest and PCR.

Piperacillin-Tazobactam (TZP) Resistance in Due to Hyperproduction of TEM-1 β-Lactamase Mediated by the Promoter .

TEM-1, mediated by plasmid and transposon, is the most commonly encountered β-lactamase in Gram-negative bacteria. Four different promoters upstream of -related genes have been identified: the weak promoter, and the strong promoters , , and In this study, we investigated the genetic basis of a clinical strain of (RJ904), which was found to be resistant to BLBLIs (β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors), including amoxicillin-clavulanate, ticarcillin-clavulanate (TCC), and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) but sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins. The conjugation test and S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) demonstrated that transfer of this resistance was mediated by a ca.

Infection-prevention and control interventions to reduce colonisation and infection of intensive care unit-acquired carbapenem-resistant : a 4-year quasi-experimental before-and-after study.

Objective: To determine whether infection-prevention and control (IPC) interventions can reduce the colonisation and infection of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) in a general ICU ward in China.

Methods: We used a quasi-experimental before-and-after study design. The study was conducted in 4 stages: baseline period, January 2013-June 2013; IPC interventions period including de-escalation and targeted bundle interventions, July 2013-June 2014; modified IPC interventions period, July 2014-June 2015; and follow-up period, July 2015-June 2016.

A new indole alkaloid with anti-inflammatory from the branches of .

A new indole alkaloid, 17-oxo-19-()-naucline, and six known alkaloids 2-7 were isolated from the branches of . The structure of the new compound 1 was characterised mainly by analysing its physical data including IR, 1 D, 2 D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. Other compounds were identified by comparisons their data with those reported in the literature.

ICEberg 2.0: an updated database of bacterial integrative and conjugative elements.

ICEberg 2.0 (http://db-mml.sjtu.