Mechanical signaling via β2 integrin decouples T cell proliferation and differentiation for generating stem cell-like CAR T cells.

Downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, proliferation and differentiation programs are thought to be linked to maintain T cell homeostasis. This biology, however, also leads to the in vitro generation of suboptimal chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Here, we show that proliferation and differentiation programs can be decoupled by fibrin matrix-based mechanical signaling, leading to abundant generation of undifferentiated stem cell-like CAR (stem-CAR) T cells.

Comparison of Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma From Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Protein Expressions.

Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) exhibit distinct characteristics, yet a comprehensive comparison is lacking. In this retrospective study from 2020 to 2024, we analyzed 568 gastric cancer cases, including 216 SRCC and 352 ADC. In SRCC, MMR deficiencies were 3.

Positive Stress Mindset Is Vulnerable: Unpacking the Internal System and External Loop of Dynamic Stress Mindset.

Research has shown that individuals' stress mindset-the belief that stress is enhancing or debilitating-can be altered through interventions. However, there is still a lack of findings regarding the dynamic fluctuations of stress mindset and its interplays with psychological outcomes in natural settings. Moreover, few studies have examined the distinct roles of positive and negative stress mindset.

Lithium: Emerging frontiers in metallopharmaceutical therapeutics.

The successful application of lithium salts in treating bipolar disorder marks a milestone in metallotherapeutics. Ongoing research has revitalized the clinical application of this "classic drug" lithium carbonate. Since the late 19th century, lithium salts have been found effective in improving bipolar disorder and established as a standard treatment.

Integration of partial nitrification, endogenous denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation in low dissolved oxygen anaerobic/oxic/anoxic-aerobic granular sludge reactor treating low carbon to nitrogen ratios wastewater.

The anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic-aerobic granular sludge (AOA-AGS) process effectively removes nitrogen while tolerating limited oxygen and carbon. However, integrating anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox), which thrives under low organic carbon and oxygen conditions, with AOA-AGS remains challenging. This study investigated nitrogen removal performance and community changes in an AOA-AGS sequencing batch reactor with low carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N) wastewater and reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) from 5-7 mg/L to 0.

Computed tomography 3D reconstruction and texture analysis for evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used to improve surgical outcomes and long-term survival in advanced cases. However, individual responses to treatment vary widely, and current imaging methods often fall short in accurately predicting efficacy.

Gut microbial dysbiosis aggravated Parkinson-like pathology induced by MPTP/probenecid.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. Recent studies have proved that gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis exists in PD patients. However, the causal relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and pathogenesis of PD remains unexplored.

Glucose-1-phosphate promotes compartmentalization of glycogen with the pentose phosphate pathway in CD8 memory T cells.

Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is a key metabolic molecule that regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis by initiating the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosohate (NADPH) that converts hydrogen peroxide (HO) to water by providing hydrogen. While both glucose phosphorylation and glycogenolysis result in G6P production, here we show that G6P derived from glycogenolysis, rather than glucose phosphorylation, flows to PPP for ROS clearance in CD8 memory T (T) cells and inflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, glycogenolysis-produced glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) allosterically induces G6P dehydrogenase (G6PD) binding to glycogen, which together undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and recruit PPP enzymes, resulting in a compartmentalized reaction cascade.

Microbial metabolite 3-indolepropionic acid alleviated PD pathologies by decreasing enteric glia cell gliosis suppressing IL-13R1 related signaling pathways.

Although enteric glial cell (EGC) abnormal activation is reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and inhibition of EGC gliosis alleviated gut and dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction was verified in our previous study, the potential role of gut microbiota on EGC function in PD still need to be addressed. In the present study, fecal microbiota transplantation revealed that EGC function was regulated by gut microbiota. By employing 16S rRNA and metabolomic analysis, we identified that 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA) was the most affected differential microbial metabolite that regulated EGC gliosis.

Performance and mechanism of tetracycline degradation by CuCoO nanomaterial activated periodate.

In this study, CuCoO nanomaterials was used for periodate (PI) activation to degrade tetracycline (TC) for the first time. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the successful preparation of CuCoO. The reaction rate constant of the CuCoO/PI system is 4.

Fluorescence sensor based on layer-by-layer ligand self-assembled gold nanoclusters for on-site monitoring of chlorpyrifos.

The application of simple, sensitive, and reliable fluorescence sensors to measure trace targets still remains challenges, especially in identifying ideal fluorophores and developing innovative strategies. Herein, layer-by-layer self-assembly triple-ligand gold nanoclusters (L3-AuNCs) were developed using 6-aza-2-thiothymine, L-arginine, and trimethylphenylammonium, where the three ligands effectively suppressed the non-radiative decay of L3-AuNCs and helped achieve a high absolute quantum yield of 28.34%.

Periodate activation for tetracycline degradation with MoS/MnFeO nanocomposite: Efficiency and Mechanistic insights.

In this study, a MoS/MnFeO nanocomposite was employed as a periodate (PI) activator for the first time, aiming to synergistically degrade tetracycline (TC). Three different ratios of MoS/MnFeO nanocomposites were synthesized using a solvothermal method, among which MoS/MnFeO-3 (MMF-3) exhibited the highest efficiency in TC degradation. At pH 4.

Inhibiting mitochondrial excessive fission alleviates the neuronal damage in Parkinson's disease via regulating PGC-1α mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.

Mitochondrial excessive fission is one of representative pathological features and a principal element triggering the neuronal damage in Parkinson's disease (PD). Inhibiting mitochondrial excessive fission benefits the pathology of PD through promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, but the detailed mechanism has not been clarified. In our study, we revealed that inhibiting mitochondrial excessive fission by Mdivi-1, the dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) inhibitor, increased the expression and nuclear translocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), as well as its downstream transcriptional factors, nuclear respiratory factor 1/2 (NRF1/2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and therefore promoted mitochondrial biogenesis.

Successful triple therapy for advanced synchronous multiple primary esophageal carcinoma with metal stenting, photodynamic and comprehensive systemic therapies-shining light on hope: a case report and literature review.

Synchronous multiple primary esophageal cancer (SMPEC) is a rare and aggressive condition often accompanied by obstructive dysphagia, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Current treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, are limited in providing immediate symptom relief. This case report describes a 64-year-old female with SMPEC and metastases to thoracic lymph nodes, the lesser curvature of the stomach, and the right adrenal gland, presenting with severe dysphagia (score 4 on the Japanese Dysphagia Severity Scale).

T cell-based cancer immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges.

T cells play a central role in the cancer immunity cycle. The therapeutic outcomes of T cell-based intervention strategies are determined by multiple factors at various stages of the cycle. Here, we summarize and discuss recent advances in T cell immunotherapy and potential barriers to it within the framework of the cancer immunity cycle, including T-cell recognition of tumor antigens for activation, T cell trafficking and infiltration into tumors, and killing of target cells.

Succinate-loaded tumor cell-derived microparticles reprogram tumor-associated macrophage metabolism.

The tumor microenvironment predominantly polarizes tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward an M2-like phenotype, thereby inhibiting antitumor immune responses. This process is substantially affected by metabolic reprogramming; however, reeducating TAMs to enhance their antitumor capabilities through metabolic remodeling remains a challenge. Here, we show that tumor-derived microparticles loaded with succinate (SMPs) can remodel the metabolic state of TAMs.

FLZ attenuates Parkinson's disease pathological damage by increasing glycoursodeoxycholic acid production down-regulating .

Increasing evidence shows that the early lesions of Parkinson's disease (PD) originate from gut, and correction of microbiota dysbiosis is a promising therapy for PD. FLZ is a neuroprotective agent on PD, which has been validated capable of alleviating microbiota dysbiosis in PD mice. However, the detailed mechanisms still need elucidated.

Burning lactic acid: a road to revitalizing antitumor immunity.

Lactic acid (LA) accumulation in tumor microenvironments (TME) has been implicated in immune suppression and tumor progress. Diverse roles of LA have been elucidated, including microenvironmental pH regulation, signal transduction, post-translational modification, and metabolic remodeling. This review summarizes LA functions within TME, focusing on the effects on tumor cells, immune cells, and stromal cells.

Mannose: A game-changer for T cell immunotherapy.

Metabolism influences the behavior of various immune cell types. In a recent Cancer Cell study, Qiu et al. revealed mannose metabolism as a prominent metabolic feature of tumor precursor exhausted T cells (Tpex) that is crucial for maintaining T cell stemness.

Compound FLZ attenuates neuroinflammation through inhibiting Src/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway.

Compound FLZ has neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's disease (PD), while the precise mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that FLZ decreased PTEN/Akt activity in LPS-challenged BV2 cells. Neuroinflammatory responses suppressed by FLZ were abolished when PTEN or Src was inhibited.

Efficacy and safety of 128 slice CT low-dose scanning technique combined with low-density contrast agent in computed tomography angiography of diabetic foot and lower limb.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 128 slice CT low-dose scanning technology combined with low-density contrast agent in lower extremity computed tomography angiography (CTA) for patients with diabetic foot.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 342 patients with diabetic foot admitted to Shaanxi Kangfu Hospital from March 2021 to May 2023. Of these, 181 received 128 slice CT low-dose scanning technology combined with low-density contrast medium for lower extremity CTA examination (research group), and 161 patients underwent conventional dose contrast medium for CTA examination (control group).

White matter lesions contribute to motor and non-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease: a critical review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease, characterized by movement disorders and non-motor symptoms like cognitive impairment and depression. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and Lewy bodies have long been considered as main neuropathological changes. However, recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that white matter lesions (WMLs) were present in PD patients.

A dynamic bidirectional system of stress processes: Feedback loops between stressors, psychological distress, and physical symptoms.

Objective: Stress processes have long been of interest to researchers. A growing body of research explores the bidirectional relations between stressors, psychological and physical states. However, research on stress processes and their individual differences from a dynamic systems perspective is still lacking.