LHX2 Rewires the Metabolic and Epigenetic Landscape to Drive Tumor Progression in Prostate Cancer.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) evolves as an aggressive phenotype during prolonged androgen deprivation therapy, lacking effective clinical management. Here, we elucidated a reciprocal metabolic-epigenetic mechanism involving a positive feedback loop between glycolysis and the transcription factor LHX2 that promotes PCa progression. Mechanistically, enzalutamide-mediated inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) led to upregulation of key glycolytic enzymes.

Epilepsy-Associated SCN2A-L1342P Mutation Drives Network Hyperexcitability and Widespread Transcriptomic Changes in Human Cortical Organoids.

Objective: pathogenic mutations, such as the recurrent heterozygous Nav1.2-L1342P, are monogenic causes of epilepsy. In this human-induced pluripotent stem cell model system, we aim to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the SCN2A-L1342P-associated pathology.

Prognostic nutrition index (PNI) level in predicting surgical incision complications following medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA): A retrospective cohort study.

Malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalized patients and has been shown to predict postoperative adverse events. This study aims to examine the relationship between malnutrition indicated by prognostic nutrition index (PNI) and surgical incision complication (SIC) following medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) for unicompartmental knee osteoarthritic (KOA). This was a retrospective study of patients who had undergone MOWHTO for varus KOA from January 2021 to June 2024 in 2 hospitals.

Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy With and Without PSMA PET-Targeted Prostate Biopsy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis.

Purpose: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-GB) is associated with the underdiagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), and PSMA-PET-targeted prostate biopsy (PSMA-TB) may reduce the misclassification of PCa. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the two methods in identifying clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The secondary outcomes included accuracy in identifying clinically insignificant PCa (insignPCa; GG1) and GG3 or greater tumors, cancer detection stratified by the previous biopsy status, and the detection rate of csPCa using the combination of PSMA-TB and TRUS-GB.

Development and validation of a visual nomogram for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer in negative mpMRI using Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a valuable medical technology for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI for csPCa in negative mpMRI (PI-RADS 1-2) remains suboptimal, underscoring the need for improvements for csPCa. This study aimed to build a visual predictive nomogram for early detection of csPCa in negative mpMRI.

MRI Versus CT in Planning Primary Debulking Surgery for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Objective: To assess the performance of whole-abdomen diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) combined with conventional MRI compared with CT in preoperative planning of the primary debulking surgery (PDS) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients.

Methods: Fifty-seven patients with EOC who underwent preoperative whole-abdomen MRI and CT were recruited for this study. During a multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) discussion, anatomical sites were allocated to specialized surgeons and the surgical plan, including assistant and backup surgeons, was finalized.

The DEC2-SCN2A Axis is Essential for the Anticonvulsant Effects of Cannabidiol by Modulating Neuronal Plasticity.

Impairment of neuronal plasticity is involved in a spectrum of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, it is reported that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor DEC2 serves as a pivotal regulator of both neuronal plasticity and epileptogenesis through its repression of sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2 (SCN2A). Knockdown of DEC2 in hippocampal neurons elevates intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission, exacerbating seizure susceptibility and severity.

Astragaloside IV Improves Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Inhibiting Ferroptosis through Modulation of the Calpain-1/TGF-β/TFRC Pathway.

Pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction (PVED) is a significant contributor to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Research indicates that astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has a therapeutic effect on PAH, but the potential mechanism by which it improves the PVED in PAH remains unclear. This study primarily investigated the protective effect of AS-IV on PVED in PAH.

Human microglia in brain assembloids display region-specific diversity and respond to hyperexcitable neurons carrying mutation: Microglial diversity and response in assembloids.

Microglia critically shape neuronal circuit development and function, yet their region-specific properties and roles in distinct circuits of the human brain remain poorly understood. In this study, we generated region-specific brain organoids (cortical, striatal, and midbrain), each integrated with human microglia, to fill this critical gap. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered six distinct microglial subtypes exhibiting unique regional signatures, including a subtype highly enriched for the GABA receptor gene within striatal organoids.

Gene therapies alleviate absence epilepsy associated with deficiency in DBA/2J mice.

Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene , which encodes the Na1.2 channel, cause severe epileptic seizures. Patients with loss-of-function (LoF) mutations, such as protein-truncating mutations, often experience later-onset and drug-resistant epilepsy, highlighting an urgent unmet clinical need for new therapies.

Autism-associated deficiency disrupts cortico-striatal circuitry in human brain assembloids.

Profound autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is frequently attributable to single-gene mutations, with (voltage-gated sodium channel Na1.2) protein-truncating variants (PTVs) being one of the most penetrant. Although cortico-striatal circuitry is implicated as a key node in ASD, the impact of deficiency on human neural circuits is unknown.

DDUM: Deformable Dilated U-structure Module for coronary stenosis detection.

Deep learning methods are increasingly popular in assisting physicians with diagnosing coronary artery disease and reducing errors caused by subjective judgment. However, accessing and labeling medical imaging data, especially coronary angiography data, is challenging. Consequently, models trained on such datasets often exhibit low accuracy, high false-positive rates, and limited generalization capabilities.

Restoration of excitation/inhibition balance enhances neuronal signal-to-noise ratio and rescues social deficits in autism-associated deficiency.

Social behavior is critical for survival and adaptation, which is profoundly disrupted in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Social withdrawal due to information overload was often described in ASD, and it was suspected that increased basal noise, i.e.

Case report: Clinical characteristics of anthrax meningoencephalitis: two cases diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing and literature review.

Purpose: To explore the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of anthrax meningoencephalitis.

Methods: The clinical data of two cases of anthrax meningoencephalitis were summarized and the relevant literature was reviewed.

Results: Both patients, who were farmers, had cutaneous lesions prior to the onset of meningoencephalitis.

Successful sequential therapy with rituximab and telitacicept in refractory Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and MOG-associated demyelination: a case report and literature review.

Clinical management of the rare and complex overlapping syndrome of MOG-antibody disease and anti-NMDAR encephalitis (MNOS), which has an uncertain pathogenesis and a high risk of recurrence, is highly challenging. We describe the case of a 19 years-old female patient, who first complained of headache, fever, and irritability. After that, she experienced frequent seizures and mood disorders.

Dyslipidemia in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a rapidly progressive infectious disease triggered by a novel bunyavirus (SFTSV). Despite the critical role of host lipid metabolism in viral infections, research on dyslipidemia in SFTS remains limited.

Methods: This retrospective study included 433 SFTS patients, who were stratified into survival group (n = 365) and death group (n = 68) and who were treated at the Shandong Public Health Clinical Center from September 2021 to December 2023.

Predictive value of the CURB-65, qSOFA, and APACHE II for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Confusion, Urea, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure, and Age Above or Below 65 Years (CURB-65), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II in predicting the in-hospital mortality of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). This retrospective study was conducted on 1583 hospitalized patients diagnosed with AECOPD from 2017 to 2019. Appropriate clinical data were retrieved from medical records from the time of admission up until the patients were discharged.

Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin prolonged the survival of a porcine kidney xenograft in a sensitized, deceased human recipient.

Background: The primary limitation to kidney transplantation is organ shortage. Recent progress in gene editing and immunosuppressive regimens has made xenotransplantation with porcine organs a possibility. However, evidence in pig-to-human xenotransplantation remains scarce, and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major obstacle to clinical applications of xenotransplantation.

The impact of integrating PRIMARY score or SUVmax with MRI-based risk models for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Purpose: An MRI-based risk calculator (RC) has been recommended for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). PSMA PET/CT can detect lesions that are not visible on MRI, and the addition of PSMA PET/CT to MRI may improve diagnostic performance. The aim of this study was to incorporate the PRIMARY score or SUVmax derived from [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT into the RC and compare these models with MRI-based RC to assess whether this can further reduce unnecessary biopsies.

YAP1 Inhibition Induces Phenotype Switching of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Tumor Suppressive in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer rarely responds to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are critical components of the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment and are considered a promising target to enhance the immunotherapy response. In this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanisms regulating CAF plasticity to identify potential strategies to switch CAFs from protumorigenic to antitumor phenotypes and to enhance ICB efficacy in prostate cancer.

Genetically Engineered Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Enhanced Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeting and Ferroptosis Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Conventional androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) targets the androgen receptor (AR) inhibiting prostate cancer (PCa) progression; however, it can eventually lead to recurrence as castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), which has high mortality rates and lacks effective treatment modalities. The study confirms the presence of high glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, a key regulator of ferroptosis (i.e.

Bi-Parameter MRI Could Quantitatively Assess the Zonal Heterogeneity of Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) located in the peripheral zone (PZ) and transitional zone (TZ) showed a different clinical and pathological characteristic. This passage aims to preliminarily evaluate the relationship between the zonal heterogeneity of PCa quantitatively assessed by bpMRI and pathological risk stratification of the primary lesion.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted from January 2019 to February 2023.

Detecting MRI-Invisible Prostate Cancers Using a Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Model.

Background: MRI is an important tool for accurate detection and targeted biopsy of prostate lesions. However, the imaging appearances of some prostate cancers are similar to those of the surrounding normal tissue on MRI, which are referred to as MRI-invisible prostate cancers (MIPCas). The detection of MIPCas remains challenging and requires extensive systematic biopsy for identification.