Human microglia in brain assembloids display region-specific diversity and respond to hyperexcitable neurons carrying mutation: Microglial diversity and response in assembloids.

Microglia critically shape neuronal circuit development and function, yet their region-specific properties and roles in distinct circuits of the human brain remain poorly understood. In this study, we generated region-specific brain organoids (cortical, striatal, and midbrain), each integrated with human microglia, to fill this critical gap. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered six distinct microglial subtypes exhibiting unique regional signatures, including a subtype highly enriched for the GABA receptor gene within striatal organoids.

Gene therapies alleviate absence epilepsy associated with deficiency in DBA/2J mice.

Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene , which encodes the Na1.2 channel, cause severe epileptic seizures. Patients with loss-of-function (LoF) mutations, such as protein-truncating mutations, often experience later-onset and drug-resistant epilepsy, highlighting an urgent unmet clinical need for new therapies.

Restoration of excitation/inhibition balance enhances neuronal signal-to-noise ratio and rescues social deficits in autism-associated deficiency.

Social behavior is critical for survival and adaptation, which is profoundly disrupted in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Social withdrawal due to information overload was often described in ASD, and it was suspected that increased basal noise, i.e.

Ancillary Findings on CT Pulmonary Angiograms that are Negative for Pulmonary Embolism.

Context: One advantage of computed tomographic pulmonary angiograms (CTPA) is that they often show pathology in patients in whom pulmonary embolism (PE) has been excluded. In this investigation, we identified the ancillary findings on CTPAs that were negative for PE to obtain an impression of the type of findings shown.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of findings on CTPAs that were negative for PE obtained in nine emergency departments between January 2016 - February 2018.