Optimizing mobile cognitive assessment reduces administration time while maintaining screening accuracy in older adults.

Growing dementia prevalence underscores the need for efficient screening methods, but lengthy digital assessments often cause fatigue among older adults. To address this, we developed and validated the Digital Assessment of Cognitive Impairment (DACI), a brief mobile application designed to accurately identify cognitive impairment (CI). Initially, 304 older adults (272 healthy, 32 cognitively impaired) completed both a pencil-and-paper Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST) and a full-length DACI.

Enhancement of antiphotoaging properties of Cannabis sativa stem water extracts by fermentation with Lacticaseibacillus casei.

Skin photoaging, driven primarily by UVB radiation, leads to collagen degradation and oxidative stress, contributing to the visible signs of aging, such as wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity. This process is mediated by the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), which is triggered by reactive oxygen species, and the activation of photoaging-related signaling pathways, including ERK, JNK, and p65. In the present study, we evaluated the antiphotoaging potential of fermented and non-fermented Cannabis sativa stem water extracts, focusing on their ability to suppress MMP-1 expression and reduce oxidative stress in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts.

Prospective Analysis of Asian Type 2 Integrated Lag Screws (Hip Fracture Nail) in Patients with Intertrochanteric Fractures.

Background: The Hip Fracture Nail (HFN), developed by modifying the design and diameter of the INTERTAN nail, has been introduced to the market. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes, as well as the perioperative complications, associated with the use of the HFN in Asian patients with intertrochanteric fractures.

Methods: Patients over the age of 60 years with intertrochanteric fractures were prospectively enrolled at 6 university hospitals in South Korea and underwent surgical treatment using the HFN between October 2018 and January 2022.

Asxl1 regulates optic cup development through interaction with Lhx2 and epigenetic modulation of Wnt signaling.

The () gene is a chromatin regulator involved in transcriptional activation and repression. While Asxl1 plays a crucial role in various organ development, its role in ocular development remains unclear. Here, we analyzed knockout (KO) mice and observed disrupted optic cup formation at embryonic day 10.

Immersive Learning in Nursing: A Mixed Reality Approach to IV Simulation With Bimanual Haptic Feedback.

Background: Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion is an essential skill for nursing professionals. Nursing students face significant challenges in learning PIVC insertion due in part to limited opportunities for hands-on practice with real patients. Traditional training methods with low-fidelity task trainers lack variability and depend on costly consumable products.

Characterization of terpene extract from Cannabis sativa flower and evaluation of its anti-melanogenetic effect in melan-a cells.

Inhibition of melanogenesis is of major interest in the cosmetic industry. The mechanism underlying melanogenesis includes regulating tyrosinase by activating various signaling pathways, such as protein kinase A and C pathways. Natural material-based agents have recently gained attention as alternative medicines to suppress melanogenic pathways.

Image quality and radiation dose of reduced-dose abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) with silver filter and deep learning reconstruction.

To assess the image quality and radiation dose between reduced-dose CT with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) using SilverBeam filter and standard dose with iterative reconstruction (IR) in abdominopelvic CT. In total, 182 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 63 ± 14 years; 100 men) were included. Standard-dose scanning was performed with a tube voltage of 100 kVp, automatic tube current modulation, and IR reconstruction, whereas reduced-dose scanning was performed with a tube voltage of 120 kVp, a SilverBeam filter, and DLR.

Correction: Correlation between individual thigh muscle volume and grip strength in relation to sarcopenia with automated muscle segmentation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Consequence of Bisphosphonate Use on Dental Implant Removal in Osteoporotic Patient: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Introduction: This nationwide population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between bisphosphonate (BP) use and dental implant removal in patients with osteoporosis.

Methods: A total of 389 226 individuals aged ≥ 65 years with osteoporosis who underwent dental implant surgery between 2014 and 2018 were included. Patients were classified into BP and control groups based on their prescription records.

Low Thyrotropin Levels Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Euthyroid Individuals: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) levels within the physiologic range influence the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in euthyroid individuals.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015). After excluding participants with abnormal thyroid function or a history of thyroid disease or ASCVD, 2,995 euthyroid individuals aged 40-79 years were included.

Machine learning-based prediction of respiratory depression during sedation for liposuction.

Procedural sedation is often performed by non-anesthesiologists in various settings and can lead to respiratory depression. A tool that enables early detection of respiratory compromise could not only enhance patient safety during procedural sedation, but also reduce the risk of medical liability. In this study, we aimed to develop a machine learning model that integrates detailed body composition data from patients undergoing liposuction to enhance the prediction of respiratory depression during procedural sedation.

Powered Tool for the Removal of a Well-Fixed Acetabular Cup: A Comparative Experimental Study.

Backgroud: The removal of a well-fixed acetabular cup is a challenging, labor-intensive, and time-consuming step during revision hip arthroplasty. Although the advent of the manual osteotome, Explant, has simplified the procedure, it is still a stressful process as it dissipates the surgeon's strength and time and risks an iatrogenic pelvic fracture. Recently, EZX, a powered tool for extraction of well-fixed acetabular cups with semicircular blade was invented.

Developing a quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) model using Caco-2 cell bioavailability indicators (BA) to predict the BA of phytochemicals.

Background: The present study aimed to measure bioavailability (BA) indicators, including epithelial barrier function, apparent permeability (P) and efflux ratio, of 84 types of phytochemicals using Caco-2 cell and to develop predictive model systems using machine learning with a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model based on BA indicators and an Isomeric Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES). Analysis of phytochemicals was carried out with a validated HPLC analytical method.

Results: With these BA indicators, Isomeric SMILES including information such as the stereochemistry, chemical structure and properties of phytochemicals was encoded to molecular descriptors using PaDEL-Descriptor and alvaDesc.

Unbalanced Associations between Physical, Psychological, and Social Domains of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire: Network and Mediation Analyses.

Background: The Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) is a validated instrument for evaluating cough-related impairments within three domains: physical, psychological, and social. This study investigated how the physical, psychological, and social domains of chronic cough are interrelated using the LCQ.

Methods: Adult patients with chronic cough from 16 respiratory centers who completed the LCQ and underwent diagnostic workup were retrospectively reviewed.

Time since last intravenous bisphosphonate and risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw in osteoporotic patients.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a rare but serious condition in which the jawbone fails to heal and becomes necrotic, typically after dental surgery in patients treated with bisphosphonates. However, clear evidence guiding how long bisphosphonate treatment should be paused before dental surgery remains limited. Here we show that a longer time since the last dose of intravenous bisphosphonate is associated with a reduced risk of jawbone necrosis.

Exploring absorption indices for a variety of polyphenols through Caco-2 cell model: insights from permeability studies and principal component analysis.

Background: Phytochemicals have long been utilized as active ingredients in the developing of novel functional foods or drugs due to their diverse biological and pharmacological effects. Many studies have demonstrated that polyphenols exhibit low absorption rates and are extensively metabolized into various metabolites, resulting in significantly reduced bioavailability.

Results: Puerarin and diosmin exhibited the highest transport from the apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) direction, while diosmin and silybin showed the highest BL to AP transport.

Nutrition Status and Comorbidities Are Important Factors Associated With Mortality During Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment.

Background: The increasing incidence and mortality rates of tuberculosis among older individuals who suffer from multiple morbidities and are vulnerable to malnutrition are major obstacles to efforts to eradicate tuberculosis in the Republic of Korea. Herein, we identified the factors associated with mortality during anti-tuberculosis treatment in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study and extracted data from the database of a multi-center prospective observational cohort study in Korea.

Clinical characteristics of the early responders in the treatment of chronic cough.

Background: Chronic cough (CC) is defined by cough more than 8 weeks. Common causes of CC are upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis (EB), and gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD). However, we do not know the characteristics of responding to treatment early.

Treatment period and changes in bone markers according to the application of teriparatide in treating medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Background: This study aimed to explore the effects of teriparatide (TPTD) on treatment duration, surgical procedures, and bone turnover markers in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).

Methods: We analyzed 76 patients with MRONJ post-treatment and divided them into conservative/surgical and TPTD/non-TPTD groups. Key assessments included treatment duration, surgery count, and changes in bone markers (serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTX], osteocalcin [OC], procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP], parathyroid hormone [PTH], 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium, and inorganic phosphorus) measured at the initial and post-treatment stages.

Additional Screw Added to the Femoral Neck System Could Enhance the Stability of Pauwel Type III Femoral Neck Fractures: a Finite Element Analysis.

Backgroud: This study explores effective fixation methods for Pauwel type III femoral neck fractures by evaluating the biomechanical benefits of adding a screw to the Femoral Neck System (FNS).

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of an 82-year-old female patient with an intertrochanteric fracture were used to establish a finite element femur model with heterogeneous material properties. Finite element models of Pauwel type III fractures were created with and without an additional screw.

Utility of quantitative standardized uptake value from pre-operative bone SPECT/CT for predicting post-surgical MRONJ healing response.

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a challenging condition often associated with long-term use of anti-resorptive medications. Accurate diagnosis is essential, but predicting the prognosis is particularly difficult due to the high likelihood of recurrence after surgery. This study assesses the utility of quantitative values from bone SPECT/CT as predictors of surgical outcomes in MRONJ patients.

Anticancer effects of purple carrot extract via induction of apoptotic genes on human breast cancer cells.

This study investigated the anticancer effects of purple carrot extract (PCE) and its key bioactive substance, chlorogenic acid (CHA), on MDA-MB-231 cells and elucidated the mechanisms of apoptosis and anticancer activity. The effects of CHA treatment on the growth of HEK-293 and MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed, and CHA selectively inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231, indicating specific inhibitory effect on breast cancer. When PCE and CHA were treated to MDA-MB-231 cells, an increase in in the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins, including -associated x (), and , while the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 () decreased ( < 0.

Restoration of retinal regenerative potential of Müller glia by disrupting intercellular Prox1 transfer.

Individuals with retinal degenerative diseases struggle to restore vision due to the inability to regenerate retinal cells. Unlike cold-blooded vertebrates, mammals lack Müller glia (MG)-mediated retinal regeneration, indicating the limited regenerative capacity of mammalian MG. Here, we identify prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1) as a key factor restricting this process.

Cellulose nanocrystal-based hydrogel microspheres prepared via electrohydrodynamic processes for controlled release of bioactive compounds.

Controlled release systems (CRSs) have been sought after as a compelling platform for site-specific delivery of bioactive compounds (BCs), including traditional drugs and food supplements. However, their potential is often hindered by challenges such as non-uniformity and structural instability. This study utilized an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) process to synthesize composites of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (in two forms: colloidal (c) and crosslinked (x)) and alginate (ALG) to produce uniformly shaped hydrogel microspheres (HMs), serving as pH-sensitive CRSs for BC encapsulation.

Enhancing IV Insertion Skill Training: Integrating Bimanual Haptic Feedback in Mixed Reality.

In this study, we present the development of an advanced bimanual intravenous (IV) needle insertion simulation system, leveraging the capabilities of mixed reality and haptic feedback technologies. The system offers an immersive experience by simulating real-world variability in a clinic environment. Our approach involves the integration of an exoskeleton haptic glove for left-hand interaction with a virtual patient's hand and a modified stylus haptic device for performing IV needle insertion into a virtual vein, visualized through the HoloLens 2 device.