Preventive Effect of Eradication on Osteoporosis in Females: A 20-Year Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background/aims: The relationship between (HP) eradication and osteoporosis development remains inadequately elucidated. This study aimed to ascertain whether HP eradication therapy confers protective effects against osteoporosis progression.

Methods: Subjects without osteoporosis who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with concurrent HP testing were prospectively recruited between May 2003 and February 2023 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.

Incorporating Artificial Intelligence into Fracture Risk Assessment: Using Clinical Imaging to Predict the Unpredictable.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being explored as a complementary tool to traditional fracture risk assessment methods. Conventional approaches, such as bone mineral density measurement and established clinical risk calculators, provide populationlevel stratification but often fail to capture the structural nuances of bone fragility. Recent advances in AI-particularly deep learning techniques applied to imaging-enable opportunistic screening and individualized risk estimation using routinely acquired radiographs and computed tomography (CT) data.

Fracture risks in patients aged 50 years and older with panhypopituitarism: a nationwide cohort study.

Unlabelled: This study investigated fracture risks in 3,877 older adults with panhypopituitarism compared with matched controls using Korean health insurance data. Findings showed higher risks of major osteoporotic, spine, and hip fractures in both men and women with panhypopituitarism compared to controls, with a more pronounced increase in risk among men.

Purpose: Patients with hypopituitarism are known to have increased cardiovascular risk and mortality; however, data on fracture risk are limited.

Plasma biomarkers for monitoring muscle function and physical performance decline in older adults: A 2-year longitudinal study.

Background: Reliable biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring sarcopenia remain limited, especially those reflecting longitudinal changes in muscle health. This study aimed to evaluate associations between plasma biomarkers and both cross-sectional and 2-year longitudinal changes in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in older adults.

Methods: We analyzed plasma biomarkers in 93 participants (mean age: 74.

Time since last intravenous bisphosphonate and risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw in osteoporotic patients.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a rare but serious condition in which the jawbone fails to heal and becomes necrotic, typically after dental surgery in patients treated with bisphosphonates. However, clear evidence guiding how long bisphosphonate treatment should be paused before dental surgery remains limited. Here we show that a longer time since the last dose of intravenous bisphosphonate is associated with a reduced risk of jawbone necrosis.

Association of Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Insulin Resistance With Mortality in Multi-Nationwide Cohorts.

Background: Although sarcopenia and insulin resistance are closely related, there is limited evidence regarding how they interact to influence mortality across different population groups. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and insulin resistance and its impact on mortality and cardiovascular disease risk using large-scale national data from Korea and the United States.

Methods: We analysed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 and 2011-2018 and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2011, with mortality follow-up through to 2019.

Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Biomarkers Linked to Lower Muscle Mass, Function and Physical Performance in Sarcopenia.

Background: As society ages, identifying individuals at risk of sarcopenia becomes essential. Several plasma biomarkers are used to assess musculoskeletal status, but their results are inconsistent. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are investigated as disease biomarkers due to their role in transporting molecules and influencing cellular processes.

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Hypocalcemia Risk of Antiresorptive Agents in Patients with Hypercalcemia of Malignancy.

Backgruound: Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM), a major metabolic complication of cancer, is often managed with bisphosphonates (BP) and, increasingly, with denosumab. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of denosumab with that of BP, with or without calcitonin, in treating HCM.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital from 2017 to 2022 and included 317 patients treated for HCM.

Diagnostic challenges associated with adrenocortical neoplasms arising from adreno-hepatic fusion: a case report of two patients and a literature review.

Background: A right adrenal gland may present in the form of adreno-hepatic fusion (AHF), in which the adrenal cells are interspersed among the hepatocytes without septation. This rare, naturally-occurring phenomenon may be associated with preoperative misdiagnosis. We present two cases of adrenal tumor in patients with AHF that were misdiagnosed, despite thorough preoperative work-ups.

Effectiveness of Bisphosphonates in Young Adults With Fragility Fractures: Representative Population-based Cohort Study.

Context: Fragility fractures in young adults present significant clinical challenges due to the limited evidence on the effectiveness of bisphosphonates in preventing subsequent fractures.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of bisphosphonate therapy in reducing the fracture risk among premenopausal women with a history of osteoporotic fractures.

Design: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in South Korea, covering the years 2003 to 2014.

Effect of low muscle mass on total mortality related to metabolic disease in chronic kidney disease patients.

Low muscle mass is a risk factor for mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is not clear to what extent low muscle mass contributes to this risk, either independently or in combination with metabolic abnormalities and frailty. This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 and 2011-2018.

The Modified S-GRAS Scoring System for Prognosis in Korean with Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Backgruound: Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are rare tumors with aggressive but varied prognosis. Stage, Grade, Resection status, Age, Symptoms (S-GRAS) score, based on clinical and pathological factors, was found to best stratify the prognosis of European ACC patients. This study assessed the prognostic performance of modified S-GRAS (mS-GRAS) scores including modified grade (mG) by integrating mitotic counts into the Ki67 index (original grade), in Korean ACC patients.

Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Bone Health.

This comprehensive review critically examines the detrimental impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on bone health, with a specific focus on substances such as bisphenol A (BPA), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates, and dioxins. These EDCs, by interfering with the endocrine system's normal functioning, pose a significant risk to bone metabolism, potentially leading to a heightened susceptibility to bone-related disorders and diseases. Notably, BPA has been shown to inhibit the differentiation of osteoblasts and promote the apoptosis of osteoblasts, which results in altered bone turnover status.

A Computed Tomography-Based Fracture Prediction Model With Images of Vertebral Bones and Muscles by Employing Deep Learning: Development and Validation Study.

Background: With the progressive increase in aging populations, the use of opportunistic computed tomography (CT) scanning is increasing, which could be a valuable method for acquiring information on both muscles and bones of aging populations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate opportunistic CT-based fracture prediction models by using images of vertebral bones and paravertebral muscles.

Methods: The models were developed based on a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 1214 patients with abdominal CT images between 2010 and 2019.

Ketonuria as an Indicator of Improvement of Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving SGLT2 Inhibitor Treatment.

We investigated the potential association between ketonuria during treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and its renoprotective effect in patients with type 2 diabetes. We included 192 patients who had received SGLT2 inhibitors for more than 6 months. After propensity score matching, 52 patients each were allocated into groups with or without ketonuria, respectively.

Bone Loss after Solid Organ Transplantation: A Review of Organ-Specific Considerations.

This review article investigates solid organ transplantation-induced osteoporosis, a critical yet often overlooked issue, emphasizing its significance in post-transplant care. The initial sections provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and multifactorial pathogenesis of transplantation osteoporosis, including factors such as deteriorating post-transplantation health, hormonal changes, and the impact of immunosuppressive medications. Furthermore, the review is dedicated to organ-specific considerations in transplantation osteoporosis, with separate analyses for kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantations.

Protein Signatures of Parathyroid Adenoma according to Tumor Volume and Functionality.

Backgruound: Parathyroid adenoma (PA) is a common endocrine disease linked to multiple complications, but the pathophysiology of the disease remains incompletely understood. The study aimed to identify the key regulator proteins and pathways of PA according to functionality and volume through quantitative proteomic analyses.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 15 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PA samples from tertiary hospitals in South Korea.

A machine learning-assisted system to predict thyrotoxicosis using patients' heart rate monitoring data: a retrospective cohort study.

Previous studies have shown a correlation between resting heart rate (HR) measured by wearable devices and serum free thyroxine concentration in patients with thyroid dysfunction. We have developed a machine learning (ML)-assisted system that uses HR data collected from wearable devices to predict the occurrence of thyrotoxicosis in patients. HR monitoring data were collected using a wearable device for a period of 4 months in 175 patients with thyroid dysfunction.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors vs Incretin-Based Drugs and Risk of Fractures for Type 2 Diabetes.

Importance: Postmenopausal individuals with type 2 diabetes are susceptible to fractures due to the interaction of elevated blood glucose levels and a deficiency of the hormone estrogen. Despite continued concerns of fracture risks associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), existing evidence in this high-risk population is lacking.

Objective: To assess the risk of fractures associated with SGLT2i vs incretin-based drugs of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA), separately, in postmenopausal individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Development and validation of common data model-based fracture prediction model using machine learning algorithm.

Unlabelled: The need for an accurate country-specific real-world-based fracture prediction model is increasing. Thus, we developed scoring systems for osteoporotic fractures from hospital-based cohorts and validated them in an independent cohort in Korea. The model includes history of fracture, age, lumbar spine and total hip T-score, and cardiovascular disease.