Enriched Environment Alleviate AD Pathological Progression by Reducing Microglia Complement Signaling in Aged Male APP/PS1 Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies showed that enriched environments improved memory and reduced amyloid plaques in AD mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of enriched environments on AD pathology and cognitive function in aged APP/PS1 mice.

CMOS-compatible high-performance silicon photodetector by femtosecond-laser hyperdoping and nanosecond-laser annealing.

Femtosecond-laser hyperdoped silicon has emerged as a promising material for the preparation of photodetectors, because of its ultraviolet-near-infrared response spectrum that transcends the bandgap limitations of monocrystalline silicon, along with superior spectral responsivity at low bias and an exceptionally high dynamic range. However, the dependence on thermal annealing post-processing limits the consistency of femtosecond-laser hyperdoping with the trends toward low thermal budget and miniaturization in semiconductor fabrication. Developing high-performance hyperdoped silicon photodetectors compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes and other silicon-based device technologies has consistently been a considerable challenge.

SBK3 suppresses angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating mitochondrial metabolism.

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the risk factors for heart failure, characterized by elevated levels of renin-angiotensin II (Ang II) and catecholamines. SBK3 (SH3 domain binding kinase family member 3), a resident protein in the mitochondria, exhibits relatively high expression selectively in cardiac tissue based on human protein atlas database. Here, we studied the role of SBK3 in Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy to identify a new treatment for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by targeting mitochondria.

Shifting regional development scenarios amplify legacy phosphorus threats to water quality.

Legacy phosphorus, accumulated from past anthropogenic activities, poses persistent and complex threats to global water quality. Despite extensive efforts to control phosphorus inputs, legacy phosphorus can persist for decades and undermine restoration goals. Emerging evidence suggests that shifts in regional development patterns profoundly reshape the dynamics and environmental risks of legacy phosphorus accumulation and mobilization.

Dynamic Changes in Lymphocyte Subsets and Inflammation-Immune-Related Proteins in Patients with Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma before and after Radioactive Iodine Therapy.

Radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) is one of the main treatment methods for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Peripheral blood samples were collected from 29 PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy 1-2 days before RAIT (RAIT-0), 30 days after (RAIT-30), and 90 days after (RAIT-90). Flow cytometry was used to detect the absolute counts of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, and the Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) was used for targeted proteome quantification.

Oxytocin-Mediate Modulation of Splenic Immunosuppression in Chronic Social Stress Through Neuroendocrine Pathways.

Chronic social stress (CSS) is a significant public health challenge that negatively impacts behavior and immune function through brain-spleen interactions. Oxytocin (OT), a neuropeptide critical for social behavior and immune regulation, is upregulated during CSS, though its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the role of OT in splenic immune modulation using a murine model of CSS.

PINK1 link mitochondria-ER contacts controls deposition of intramuscular fat in pigs.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a key determinant of meat quality in pigs, influencing characteristics such as tenderness, flavor, and marbling. The regulation of IMF deposition involves complex metabolic processes, with mitochondrial function playing a central role. PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a protein involved in mitophagy and mitochondrial quality control, has recently been implicated in regulating fat deposition, although its role in IMF deposition in pigs remains unclear.

A strategy for controlling Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: inhibition of ClpV expression.

The emergence and prevalence of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) have proposed a great challenge to control this infection. Therefore, exploring some new drugs or strategies for treating hvKP infection is an urgent issue for scientific researchers. In the present study, the clpV gene deletion strain of hvKP (ΔclpV-hvKP) was constructed using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and the biological characteristics of ΔclpV-hvKP were investigated to explore the new targets for controlling this pathogen.

Enhanced FFT-Root-MUSIC Algorithm Based on Signal Reconstruction via CEEMD-SVD for Joint Range and Velocity Estimation for FMCW Radar.

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar is used to extract range and velocity information from the beat signal. However, the traditional joint range-velocity estimation algorithms often experience significant performances degradation under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel approach utilizing the complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) combined with singular value decomposition (SVD) to reconstruct the beat signal prior to applying the FFT-Root-MUSIC algorithm for joint range and velocity estimation.

Global Trends and Hotspots in the Research of the Effects of PM2.5 on Asthma: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been identified as a significant environmental and public health challenge, particularly due to its association with respiratory diseases like asthma. With the global rise in urbanization and industrialization, PM2.

Endothelial FOSL1 drives angiotensin II-induced myocardial injury via AT1R-upregulated MYH9.

Vascular remodeling represents a pathological basis for myocardial pathologies, including myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial infarction, which can ultimately lead to heart failure. The molecular mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodeling following myocardial infarction reperfusion is complex and not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined the effect of Ang II infusion on cardiac vascular remodeling in mice.

Maternal separation alters peripheral immune responses associated with IFN-γ and OT in mice.

The co-evolution of social behavior and the immune system plays a critical role in individuals' adaptation to their environment. However, also need for further research on the key molecules that co-regulate social behavior and immunity. This study focused on neonatal mice that were separated from their mothers for 4 hours per day between the 6th and 16th day after birth.

Androgen deprivation exacerbates AD pathology by promoting the loss of microglia in an age-dependent manner.

Aims: Microglial cells are integral to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The observed sex disparity in AD prevalence, with a notable predominance in women, implies a potential influence of sex hormones, such as androgens, on disease mechanisms. Despite this, the specific effects of androgens on microglia remain unclear.

Posaconazole gastro-resistant tablets for preventing invasive fungal disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a propensity-matched cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate posaconazole (POS) gastro-resistant tablets for preventing invasive fungal disease (IFD) in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients and analyse POS plasma concentrations.

Methods: A single-arm trial was designed with a historical cohort as a control. Patients aged 13 years and older undergoing HSCT at the HSCT Center of Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between December 2020 and May 2022 were enrolled, prospectively taking POS gastro-resistant tablets orally from day 1 to day 90 post-transplant and monitoring plasma concentrations.

Aberration of social behavior and gut microbiota induced by cross-fostering implicating the gut-brain axis.

The gut microbiota and neurological development of neonatal mice are susceptible to environmental factors that may lead to altered behavior into adulthood. However, the role that changed gut microbiota and neurodevelopment early in life play in this needs to be clarified. In this study, by modeling early-life environmental changes by cross-fostering BALB/c mice, we revealed the effects of the environment during the critical period of postnatal development on adult social behavior and their relationship with the gut microbiota and the nervous system.

HDL-cholesterol confers sensitivity of immunotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via remodeling tumor-associated macrophages towards the M1 phenotype.

Background: The sustained effectiveness of anti-programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 treatment is limited to a subgroup of patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and the specific biomarker determining the response to immunotherapy in NPC remains uncertain.

Methods: We assessed the associations between pre-immunotherapy and post-immunotherapy serum lipoproteins and survival in a training cohort (N=160) and corroborated these findings in a validation cohort (N=100). Animal studies were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Influence of TP53 mutation on efficacy and survival in advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

TP53 comutation is related to poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. However, there is limited study focusing on the structural influence of TP53 mutation on third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and molecular data of patients treated with third-generation EGFR-TKIs in two independent cohorts.

Oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and fear empathy among male mice.

Background: Recent studies have identified empathy deficit as a core impairment and diagnostic criterion for people with autism spectrum disorders; however, the improvement of empathy focuses primarily on behavioural interventions without the target regulation. We sought to compare brain regions associated with empathy-like behaviours of fear and pain, and to explore the role of the oxytocin-oxytocin receptor system in fear empathy.

Methods: We used C57BL mice to establish 2 models of fear empathy and pain empathy.

Myocardial deformation characteristics assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking in a healthy Chinese population.

Purpose: To explore global/regional myocardial deformation across various layers, vascular distributions, specific levels and distinct walls in healthy individuals using cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT).

Methods: We selected a cohort of 55 healthy participants and CMR cine images were used to obtain the left ventricular (LV) peak longitudinal, circumferential, radial strains (LS, CS, RS). The characteristics of normal LV strain in various layers (endocardium, myocardium, epicardium), territories [left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA)], levels (basal, middle, apical) and walls (anterior, septum, inferior, lateral) were compared.

Transcription Factor EB Overexpression through Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Promoter Disrupts Neuronal Lamination by Dysregulating Neurogenesis during Embryonic Development.

Introduction: Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, has diverse roles in various physiological processes. Enhancing lysosomal function by TFEB activation has recently been implicated in restoring neural stem cell (NSC) function. Overexpression of TFEB can inhibit the cell cycle of newborn cortical NSCs.

PQR309, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, synergizes with gemcitabine by impairing the GSK-3β and STAT3/HSP60 signaling pathways to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

End-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has unsatisfactory survival. The limited benefit of chemotherapy and the scarcity of targeted drugs are major challenges in NPC. New approaches to treat late-stage NPC are urgently required.

Preclinical characterization and phase 1 results of ADG106 in patients with advanced solid tumors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

ADG106, a ligand-blocking agonistic antibody targeting CD137 (4-1BB), exhibits promising results in preclinical studies, demonstrating tumor suppression in various animal models and showing a balanced profile between safety and efficacy. This phase 1 study enrolls 62 patients with advanced malignancies, revealing favorable tolerability up to the 5.0 mg/kg dose level.