Perinatal Factors Associated With Congenital Hypothyroidism in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This retrospective cohort study analyzed perinatal risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in 1073 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g) admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. The overall CH incidence was 6.0% (65 cases), with significantly higher rates in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants (11.

Mechanism of RCD and the Role of Different Death Signaling Pathways in Cancer.

Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with China being particularly affected because of its large population. Regulated cell death (RCD) mechanisms, including autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, play complex roles in cancer development and progression. This review explores the dual roles of autophagy and apoptosis in cancer, highlighting their tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions.

Advancements and challenges in CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors: A comprehensive review of antigen targets, strategies, and future directions.

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapy, originally employed in hematological malignancies treatment, has made significant strides in addressing solid tumors in recent years. Presently, second-generation CAR-T therapy has reached clinical implementation, while fifth-generation CAR-T therapy is in active development. However, initial clinical trials in solid tumors have shown limited success, primarily due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumor and the scarcity of tumor-specific antigens.

High-precision stereo calibration for 3D measurement via speckle-enhanced circular control point matching.

High-precision stereo calibration is essential for achieving accurate 3D vision measurements. Marker-based calibration methods, such as the checkerboard and circular markers, are widely adopted for their robustness and high accuracy. However, the checkerboard is relatively sensitive to noise, while circular markers suffer from eccentricity errors.

Ureaplasma colonization increases the risk of moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia despite postnatal treatment in newborns: a retrospective study based on the latest diagnostic criteria for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of Ureaplasma and azithromycin with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.

Methods: This study included infants who tested positive for Ureaplasma in their respiratory tract and were treated with azithromycin, categorizing them into the study group. A control group was composed of infants who tested negative for Ureaplasma during the same specified period.

Polarization Decoupling Multi-Port Beam-Splitting Metasurface for Miniaturized Magneto-Optical Trap.

In regular magneto-optical trap (MOT) systems, the delivery of six circularly polarized (CP) cooling beams requires complex and bulky optical arrangements including waveplates, mirrors, retroreflectors, etc. To address such technique challenges, a beam delivery system for miniaturized MOT is proposed entirely based on meta-devices. The key component is a novel polarization decoupling multi-port beam-splitting (PD-MPBS) metasurface that relies on both propagation phase and geometric phase.

Effect of intravitreal injection on optic nerve in infants with retinopathy of prematurity: a long-term follow-up study.

Aims: To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection (IVI) on the optic nerve in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during long-term follow-up.

Methods: The preterm infants included were divided into control, untreated and treated groups. The treatment group was further divided into the plus disease group and the no plus disease group.

Rhaponitin Reverses Cisplatin Resistance and Impairs Cancer Stemness Through HIF-1α/MCT4/Wnt Pathway in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Rhaponitin (Rha) possesses anti-tumor activity and mediates the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α that affects cisplatin (Cis) resistance. However, whether Rha can lessen Cis resistance in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) by mediating HIF-1α activity is unclear. Cis-resistant SCC9 (SCC9-CisR) cells were treated with Cis, Rha, or Cis plus Rha to explore the effect of Rha on Cis resistance using a cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and tumor sphere formation assays.

Rhaponticin inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells through modulation of the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Background: Rhaponticin, a bioactive compound derived from rhubarb, has been demonstrated anti-tumor effects in various types of cancer. However, its impact on HNSCC remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the specific molecular mechanisms by which Rhaponticin inhibits the invasion and metastasis of HNSCC cells.

ChemPerturb-seq screen identifies a small molecule cocktail enhancing human beta cell survival after subcutaneous transplantation.

Traditional chemical screens have focused on a single assay per screen, making them labor intensive and costly. Here, we combined a chemical screen with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to perform Chemical Perturb-seq (ChemPerturb-seq), enabling a systematic analysis of the molecular changes of human beta cells upon individual small molecule treatments. Using this platform, we performed an in vivo barcoded screen and discovered a small molecule cocktail, including beta-lipotropin 61-91, insulin growth factor-1, and prostaglandin E2, with which preconditioning human beta cells and primary islets significantly enhanced function and survival when transplanted subcutaneously to female, but not to male, mice.

The role and electrochemical behavior of high-valence Mo cations doped in LiNiCoAlO.

NCA (LiNiCoAlO, ≥ 0.8) cathode materials have become some of the leading candidates for lithium-ion batteries due to their superior specific discharge capacity and more cost-effective production. Yet, NCA materials are facing significant challenges such as surface reconstruction and micro-cracks, which adversely impact their electrochemical performance and practical application.

Integrated plasma and vegetation proteomic characterization of infective endocarditis for early diagnosis and treatment.

Infective endocarditis, a life-threatening condition, poses challenges for early diagnosis and personalized treatment due to insufficient biomarkers and limited understanding of its pathophysiology. Here, we performed proteomic profiling of plasma and vegetation samples from 238 patients with infective endocarditis and 100 controls, with validation in two external plasma cohorts (n = 328). We developed machine learning-based diagnostic and prognostic models for infective endocarditis, with area under the curve values of 0.

The association between antenatal indomethacin exposure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in extremely preterm infants.

The study aimed to investigate the association between antenatal indomethacin exposure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) in extremely preterm infants. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving extremely preterm infants admitted from January 2022 to May 2024. Neonates were categorized into the indomethacin group and the control group based on the antenatal indomethacin exposure.

Construction of weakly solvating solid polymer electrolytes for high-voltage and stable lithium metal batteries.

Industrial applications of in-situ polymerized solid-state electrolytes still face major challenges, such as low ionic conductivity, electrochemical instability, and incompatibility with high-voltage cathode. Herein, the fluorine-containing weakly solvating solid polymer electrolytes are designed to regulate the solvation structure, Li conductivity, and electrode/electrolyte interface. The strong electron-withdrawing effect and localization ability of fluorine atoms alter the electrostatic potential and charge distribution of the ether oxygen groups in monomer and solvent.

Metal-ligand coordination induced rapid Li transport kinetics through bidirectional anchoring strategy.

The unstable interfacial contact and slow Li transport at the side of cathode have been two major challenges for practical application of garnet-based solid-state batteries (SSBs). In this work, a strategy of metal-ligand coordination induced rapid Li transport kinetics through bidirectional anchoring is proposed to address aforementioned issues by decorating the cathode with LiLaZrTaO (LLZTO) nanoparticles and stabilizing the interface with succinonitrile-based interlayer (SL). The strong metal-ligand coordination of the -CN in SL with the LLZTO solid-state electrolytes and the LiCoO (LCO)@LLZTO composite cathode enables an intimate contact at the atomic scale, constructing bidirectional channels of fast Li transport at the interface.

Multimodal Visualization and Explainable Machine Learning-Driven Markers Enable Early Identification and Prognosis Prediction for Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Currently, there is a paucity of literature addressing personalized risk stratification using multimodal data in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Objective: This study aimed to enhance the performance of risk assessment models in this patient population by developing a predictive model for adverse outcomes using various machine learning (ML) techniques.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study included 326 patients diagnosed with severe AS and HFpEF who underwent TAVR between January 2017 and December 2023.

Higher in-hospital proportion of breast milk intake improves brain functional connectivity and neurological assessment in preterm infants.

Objective: Preterm infants may face neurodevelopmental challenges linked to altered brain maturation processes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of in-hospital breast milk intake on brain resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and neurological assessment at discharge in preterm infants.

Methods: We collected data on breast milk intake from 97 preterm infants, evaluated neurological outcomes using the Amiel-Tison Neurological Assessment (ATNAT), and assessed rs-FC via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

An application of YOLOv8 integrated with attention mechanisms for detection of grape leaf black rot spots.

Aiming at the problems of low recognition rate of small target spots in grape leaf images and low detection accuracy due to low resolution of input images. In this paper, an improved recognition network based on YOLO v8 is constructed. In the constructed network, Spatial Pyramid Dilated Convolution (SPD-Conv) is used to replace each stepwise convolution layer and each pooling layer to better capture the detailed features of small targets.

A Chemical Epigenetic Probe to Capture the Site-Specific DNA-Binding Protein Complex.

Site-specific DNA binding by proteins is critical for regulating genetic activity and cell fate decision. However, identifying proteins bound to specific genomic regions (e.g.

Methylglyoxal deteriorates macrophage efferocytosis in diabetic wounds through ROS-induced ubiquitination degradation of KLF4.

Diabetic wounds are a leading cause of disability and mortality in patients with diabetes, and persistent low-grade inflammation plays a significant role in their pathogenesis. Methylglyoxal (MGO), an active product of glucose metabolism, often induces chronic inflammation and is considered a major risk factor in the healing of diabetic wounds. Efferocytosis, the process by which macrophages clear apoptotic cells, is crucial for terminating the inflammatory response and tissue repair.

Thermostable Nickel Chloride Film as High Specific Power Cathode for Thermal Battery.

Film components have been progressively included in thermal battery due to their unique volume and performance superiority. With poor thermal stability, organic adhesives in film will decompose at operation temperature, generating gas within the battery shell. Considering structural integrity, organic adhesives in film components cannot be completely eliminated in prior reports.

Region- and Cell-type-Resolved Multiomic Atlas of the Heart.

The heart is a vital muscular organ in vertebrate animals, responsible for maintaining blood circulation through rhythmic contraction. Although previous studies have investigated the heart proteome, the full hierarchical molecular network at cell-type- and region-resolved level, illustrating the specialized roles and crosstalk among different cell-types and regions, remains unclear. Here, we presented an atlas of cell-type-resolved proteome for mouse heart and region-resolved proteome for both mouse and human hearts.

Harnessing nanotechnology for cancer treatment.

Nanotechnology has become a groundbreaking innovation force in cancer therapy, offering innovative solutions to the limitations of conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. By manipulating materials at the nanoscale, researchers have developed nanocarriers capable of targeted drug delivery, improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Nanoparticles like liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric nanomaterials have shown significant promise in delivering chemotherapeutic agents directly to tumor sites, enhancing drug bioavailability and minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

Case Report: Endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion using percutaneous unilateral biportal endoscopy and 3D printing for an andersson lesion in ankylosing spondylitis.

Background: An Andersson lesion (AL) is a late-stage lesion of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) that can be misdiagnosed. If the patient has unbearable pain or symptoms indicative of neurological damage, then posterior fusion can be considered. Compared with open surgical procedures, combining Unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) and 3D-printing technologies for endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) can offer the advantages of minimal trauma and the same effect.

Integrated proteogenomic characterization of ampullary adenocarcinoma.

Ampullary adenocarcinoma (AMPAC) is a rare and heterogeneous malignancy. Here we performed a comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of 198 samples from Chinese AMPAC patients and duodenum patients. Genomic data illustrate that 4q loss causes fatty acid accumulation and cell proliferation.