Index modulation-aided ACO-OFDM differential chaos shift keying system for optical wireless communications.

In this paper, we introduce differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) into asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) and propose the index modulation-aided ACO-OFDM differential chaos shift keying (IM-ACO-OFDM-DCSK) system. Our aim is to eliminate the need for channel state information (CSI) estimation in the index modulation-aided OFDM (IM-OFDM) system for optical wireless communication (OWC). In our design, we transmit the DCSK or its orthogonal signal as the information-bearing signals on non-indexed and indexed subcarriers, respectively.

Arginine Maillard reaction products recovered damaged immune cells.

Instant noodle has been an initiating point for food industry in many countries, and it continues to be a beloved convenient food in the world. However, some products cause discomfort after consumption despite full compliance in both ingredients and processing methods. It has not only resulted in serious consumer misunderstanding but also affect the industry as well.

CXCL1 promotes diabetic foot ulcer through activation of the TNF-α signaling pathway.

Unlabelled: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is an immune disease associated with diabetes. C-X-C ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a pro-inflammatory factor. Both of them have been reported to associated with the activation of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Peptide Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptability.

Peptide hormones are essential signaling molecules in plants, playing critical roles in regulating growth and development, stress responses, and crop genetic improvement. However, the full extent of their functions, functional redundancy among different peptide hormones, signaling mechanisms between ligand and receptor pathways, and peptide hormones-mediated regulation of plant development and environmental adaptability are still not fully understood. In this study, recent advances in understanding the formation and functions of plant peptide hormones, distinguishing between non-secretory and secretory peptides and their respective physiological roles are reviewed.

Effects and Underlying Mechanism of Vitamin D Combined With rhGH and GnRH-a Therapy on the Growth and Development of Girls With Central Precocious Puberty.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating puberty development. Furthermore, it is closely associated with the onset and progression of precocious puberty. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on growth and development in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) undergoing recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) therapy and to analyze its underlying mechanisms.

Assessment of pH-Induced Conformational Changes in Whey Protein Isolate-Dextran Conjugate Using Spectral Technology.

The functional properties of proteins are closely related to their structure and conformation. The effects of glycosylation and pH on the structural and conformational changes in whey protein isolate (WPI) were investigated using multispectral technology. More and higher-molecular-weight molecules of WPI-dextran conjugates (WDCs) with increased degrees of glycosylation (DGs) in SDS-PAGE occurred at the expense of band intensities of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and bovine serum albumin.

Area-level factors influencing geographical distribution of myopia prevalence among school-aged children and adolescents in Northwest China.

Background: Northwest China is an ideal spot to investigate geographic differences in myopia prevalence due to the region's unequal allocation of socioeconomic and geo-environmental variables. Yet, the overall geographic distribution of myopia in the region remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a school-based, cross-sectional prevalence survey of myopia in all 14 prefectures of Xinjiang, China.

Inhibiting reactive oxygen species production mitigates endoplasmic reticulum damage in florets of developing maize ears under heat stress.

Heat stress is increasingly becoming a major constraint to agricultural production due to global warming and higher probability of extreme events. To mitigate the yield loss caused by heat stress, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying its effects on young ear development. In this study, we investigate the impact of heat stress on heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant maize varieties under field conditions.

Epidemiological trends and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young individuals based on the 2021 global burden of disease data (1990-2021).

Objective: Recent studies have shown that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in young individuals cannot be ignored. This study aims to investigate the burden of COPD and its associated risk factors in individuals aged 15 to 49 years, with a particular focus on health inequities across different levels of socioeconomic development.

Methods: By analyzing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021, we utilized statistical methods such as Joinpoint regression, frontier analysis, and health inequality analysis to evaluate the changes in the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates (ASDR) and incidence rates (ASIR) of COPD among the global population aged 15-49 years from 1990 to 2021.

Self-luminous nanoengineered bacteria with the sustained release of interleukin 2 as an in situ vaccine for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Bacteria-based in situ vaccination (ISV) has emerged as an effective therapeutic approach by activating anti-tumor immunity. However, inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and promoting effector T cell activation remain critical challenges in clinical applications of bacteria-based ISV. Here, we have developed a tumor microenvironment-activated nano-hybrid engineered bacterium as ISV.

Evolutionary Relationships of the 1a Subclade Species Based on Complete Mitogenomes, and Novel Markers for Their Differentiation.

is a genus of oomycetes that includes many aggressive pathogens capable of devastating farmlands and forests worldwide. Among the oldest and most well-known species, exhibits morphological and genetic similarities to other homothallic species within subclade 1a, which complicates the understanding of their evolutionary relationships. This study primarily compared seven strains from diverse origins with three closely related species in subclade 1a, utilizing mitogenome sequences for analysis.

Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates chronic stress-induced depression in rats by targeting Cx43-YAP axis.

Although significant progress has been made in the development of antidepressants, a large subpopulation of individuals remains unresponsive to existing treatments. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a natural compound with well-defined antidepressant effects and low-cost administrations, holds therapeutic promise but requires mechanistic elucidation for clinical translation. Based on our previous finding that Rg1 rescued astrocytic connexin43 (Cx43) downregulation in depression models, we investigated its brain-wide effects and molecular mechanisms in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced rats.

Astrocyte gap junction dysfunction activates JAK2-STAT3 pathway to mediate inflammation in depression.

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is highly expressed in astrocytes and forms gap junctions that maintain intercellular communication. Dysfunctional gap junctions in astrocytes exacerbate depressive symptoms, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. Inflammatory responses occur in the brains of most people with depression.

Linking depression and neuroinflammation: Crosstalk between glial cells.

The inflammatory hypothesis is one of the more widely accepted pathogenesis of depression. Glia plays an important immunomodulatory role in neuroinflammation, mediating interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). Glial cell-driven neuroinflammation is not only an important pathological change in depression, but also a potential therapeutic target.

The pathogenesis of depression: Roles of connexin 43-based gap junctions and inflammation.

Background: Depression is a leading chronic mental illness worldwide, characterized by anhedonia and pessimism. Connexin is a kind of widely distributed protein in the body. Connexin 43 (Cx43) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression.

Strigolactone promotes cotton fiber cell elongation by de-repressing DWARF53 on linolenic acid biosynthesis.

Strigolactone (SL) is a plant hormone required for plant development. DWARF53 (D53) functions as a transcription repressor in SL signaling. However, the role of D53 in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, Gh) fiber development remains unclear.

New perspective on central nervous system disorders: focus on mass spectrometry imaging.

An abnormally organized brain spatial network is linked to the development of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the complicated molecular mechanisms of these diseases remain unresolved, making the development of treatment strategies difficult. A novel molecular imaging technique, called mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), captures molecular information on the surface of samples .

Dihydromyricetin treats pulmonary hypertension by modulating CKLF1/CCR5 axis-induced pulmonary vascular cell pyroptosis.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiopulmonary disease characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and vascular remodeling, resulting in poor prognosis and increased mortality rates. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) plays a significant role in inducing inflammation and cell proliferation, both of which are critical processes in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) has garnered attention for its potent anti-inflammatory properties.

4 × 4 differential index modulation for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a 4 × 4 differential index modulation (DIM) scheme for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OOFDM) systems. The 4 × 4 DIM scheme avoids complex channel estimation by performing differential index modulation in the time-frequency domain, with the key aspect lying in the design of the time-frequency dispersion matrix that integrates the indices and constellation symbols. Moreover, we design a deep learning-based DIMFormer detector for the high decoding complexity problem of maximum likelihood (ML) detection.

Pd Nanoparticle-Modified BiOBr/CdS S-Scheme Photocatalyst for Enhanced Conversion of CO.

S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst-coupled plasma-resonance effect can enhance the response range and absorption of light and charge transfer, and, at the same time, obtain strong redox ability, which is an effective way to improve CO conversion. In this work, plasma S-scheme heterojunctions of Pd/BiOBr/CdS with heterogeneous interfaces have been successfully constructed by a simple hydrothermal method. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed by in situ infrared, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR), density functional theory (DFT), and electrochemical techniques.

Corrigendum: Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates neuroinflammation via suppression of connexin43 ubiquitination to attenuate depression.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.

Three-dimensional nanoporous gold/gold nanoparticles substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of illegal additives in food.

Owing to their nanoscale size and porous structure, both colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and nanoporous gold (NPG) have demonstrated good and stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity, and are therefore widely used as SERS substrates for the rapid detection of various components in food, environmental, biological, and other samples. In this study, we fabricated a novel, sensitive, and reproducible composite three-dimensional (3D) substrate for rapid SERS-based detection of illegal additives in food products. AuNPs and NPGs were prepared by chemical reduction and chemical dealloying methods, with the particle size of AuNPs about 60 nm and the pore size of NPG in the range of 5-36 nm.