GastritisMIL: An interpretable deep learning model for the comprehensive histological assessment of chronic gastritis.

The comprehensive histological assessment of chronic gastritis is imperative for guiding endoscopic follow-up strategies and surveillance of early-stage gastric cancer, yet rapid and objective assessment remains challenging in clinical workflows. We propose a powerful deep learning model (GastritisMIL) to effectively identify pathological alterations on H&E-stained biopsy slides, thereby expediting pathologists' evaluation and improving decision-making regarding follow-up intervals. We have trained and tested GastritisMIL by using retrospective data from 2,744 patients and evaluated discriminative performance across three medical centers (467 patients).

Assessing the Impact of Treatment Timing Protocols in Clinical Trials for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive (UR) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who are ineligible for or decline radical cystectomy may pursue bladder-sparing therapy (BST). Currently, most BST trials in the BCG-UR setting mandate treatment initiation within 60-90 d of histopathologic confirmation. Given the lack of data on optimal treatment windows, we evaluated whether these time restrictions have oncologic merit.

Oxidized chitosan: Combining an "Adhesion-and-Kill" antibacterial strategy with immunoregulation and angiogenesis to enhance methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus-infected wound healing.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), presents a significant challenge in clinical wound management due to their resistance to conventional antibiotics and ability to form persistent biofilms. This study explores the antibacterial properties and wound-healing potential of oxidized chitosan (OCTS), fabricated by oxidizing chitosan with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which introduces carboxyl groups to enhance its solubility, adhesion, and antibacterial activity. In vitro experiments demonstrate that OCTS exhibits lower MIC concentration (20 mg/mL vs.

Functional Ultrasound Imaging of Auditory Responses in Comatose Patients.

Bedside monitoring of brain function in severely brain-injured patients remains a critical clinical challenge. We demonstrate the translational potential of functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging for this purpose. In 6 comatose patients (Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8) with cranial windows after decompressive craniectomy, we used a 7.

ROICellTrack: a deep learning framework for integrating cellular imaging modalities in subcellular spatial transcriptomic profiling of tumor tissues.

Motivation: Spatial transcriptomic (ST) technologies, such as GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler, are increasingly utilized to investigate the role of diverse tumor microenvironment components, particularly in relation to cancer progression, treatment response, and therapeutic resistance. However, in many ST studies, the spatial information obtained from immunofluorescence imaging is primarily used for identifying regions of interest (ROIs) rather than as an integral part of downstream transcriptomic data analysis and interpretation.

Results: We developed ROICellTrack, a deep learning-based framework that better integrates cellular imaging with spatial transcriptomic profiling.

Novel Role Of DSNB in Staging of Primary Urethral Cancer: New Standard?

We describe the novel use of dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) in five patients with primary urethral squamous cell carcinoma (U-SCC) and no evidence of inguinal node disease across two centers in North America and Europe between 03/2021 and 06/2024. Each of these referral centers sees over 75 cases of penile cancer per year and approximately 10 cases of U-SCC per year. Patients underwent DSNB concomitant to surgical resection of the primary tumor (n=3), or in a deferred manner (n=2), six weeks after primary surgery.

Intraneoplastic fungal dysbiosis is associated with colorectal cancer progression and host gene mutation.

Background: The relationship between intraneoplastic fungi and colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated fungal community changes in adenoma and CRC and their correlation with host genetic mutations.

Methods: We obtained 261 tissue biopsies from two geographically distinct cohorts of CRC and adenoma patients, with each individual contributing 2-5 biopsies from lesions and 2 from adjacent normal tissues.

Development and multicenter validation of machine learning models for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications after neurosurgery.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are major adverse events in neurosurgical patients. This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models predicting PPCs after neurosurgery.

Methods: PPCs were defined according to the European Perioperative Clinical Outcome standards as occurring within 7 postoperative days.

Prediction of Survival in the Elderly Patients with Glioblastoma using Cumulative Inflammatory Markers Score.

 This retrospective study aimed to explore the prognostic effect of cumulative score based on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and fibrinogen in older adults diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM).  Retrospective study.  Huashan Hospital.

Intestinal TM6SF2 protects against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis through the gut-liver axis.

Transmembrane-6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) regulates hepatic fat metabolism and is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). TM6SF2 genetic variants are associated with steatotic liver disease. The pathogenesis of MASH involves genetic factors and gut microbiota alteration, yet the role of host-microbe interactions in MASH development remains unclear.

Anti-Inflammatory Withanolides From Physalis angulata Var. villosa Bonati.

Two new withanolide derivatives (1 and 2) and 12 known withanolide analogs (3-14) were identified from the aerial part of Physalis angulata var. villosa Bonati. Their structures were determined by various spectral data, quantum chemical calculations, and sugar derivatization methods.

A high temperature-resistant, strong, and self-healing double-network hydrogel for profile control in oil recovery.

Hydrogels are widely used in profile control to plug high-permeability zones in oil recovery. In this study, a novel double-network (DN) hydrogel is developed for profile control. The two networks of the prepared hydrogel are polyacrylamide (PAAm) crosslinked by N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) crosslinked by borax (B), respectively.

Gastrodin Liposomes Block Crosstalk between Astrocytes and Glioma Cells via Downregulating Cx43 to Improve Antiglioblastoma Efficacy of Temozolomide.

The crosstalk between glioma cells and astrocytes plays a crucial role in developing temozolomide (TMZ) resistance of glioblastomas, together with the existence of the BBB contributing to the unsatisfactory clinical treatment of glioblastomas. Herein, we developed a borneol-modified and gastrodin-loaded liposome (Bo-Gas-LP), with the intent of enhancing the efficacy of TMZ therapy after intranasal administration. The results showed that Bo-Gas-LP improved GL261 cells' sensitivity to TMZ and prolonged survival of GL261-bearing mice by blocking the crosstalk between astrocytes and glioblastoma cells with the decrease of Cx43.

Sex differences in body temperature and thermal perception under stable and transient thermal environments: A comparative study.

Sex difference stands as a crucial factor necessitating consideration in personalized thermal environment control, with the mechanisms of its emergence potentially differing across different thermal environments. However, a comparative analysis of sex differences regarding body temperature (skin and core body temperature) and thermal perception across different environments is lacking. A stable environmental experiment (comprising three conditions: 16 °C, 20 °C, and 24 °C) and a transient environmental experiment (involving a whole-body step-change from 19 °C to 35 °C and back to 19 °C) were conducted, with participation from 20 young males and 20 young females.

Lymphatic-localized Treg-mregDC crosstalk limits antigen trafficking and restrains anti-tumor immunity.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a significant impact on tumor growth and immunotherapy efficacies. However, the precise cellular interactions and spatial organizations within the TME that drive these effects remain elusive. Using advanced multiplex imaging techniques, we have discovered that regulatory T cells (Tregs) accumulate around lymphatic vessels in the peripheral tumor stroma.

Prognostic Factors for Recurrent Glioma: A Population-Based Analysis.

Background: The overall survival (OS) for patients with recurrent glioma is meager. Also, the effect of radionecrosis and prognostic factors for recurrent glioma remains controversial. In this regard, developing effective predictive models and guiding clinical care is crucial for these patients.

Atypical BCR-ABL1 transcript in mixed phenotype acute leukemia with bone marrow necrosis.

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a type of acute leukemia in which encompasses mixed features of myeloid, T-lymphoid, and/or B-lymphoid differentiation. Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph) MPAL is a rare subgroup with a poor prognosis and accounts for ＜1% of adult acute leukemia. Until now, there is still no consensus on how to best treat Ph MPAL.

Diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of renal biopsy cytology.

Background: The role of fine needle biopsy cytology in the workup of renal mass lesions remains controversial. With advances in imaging technology and clinical management for renal masses, a critical reevaluation of the role of renal biopsy is needed. This study was designed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the performance and clinical impact of fine needle biopsy in patients with renal masses.

A rapid and sensitive one-pot platform integrating fluorogenic RNA aptamers and CRISPR-Cas13a for visual detection of monkeypox virus.

The recent global upsurge in Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreaks underscores the critical need for rapid and precise diagnostic solutions, particularly in resource-constrained settings. The gold standard diagnostic method, qRT-PCR, is hindered by its time-consuming nature, requirement for nucleic acid purification, expensive equipment, and the need for highly trained personnel. Traditional CRISPR/Cas fluorescence assays, relying on trans-cleavage of ssDNA/RNA reporters labeled with costly fluorophores and quenchers, pose challenges that limit their widespread application, especially for point-of-care testing (POCT).