Chronic pain selectively reduces the motivation to work for remifentanil but not food reward.

Currently, preclinical research has reported conflicting evidence as to whether chronic pain imparts resilience or vulnerability to opioid drug seeking. Here, we investigated the impact of chronic pain on the intravenous self-administration (IVSA) profile of the short-acting opioid analgesic remifentanil in a mouse model. Using a chronic constriction injury model of chronic neuropathic pain, 7 days after injury, male and female C57Bl/6J mice began remifentanil IVSA.

Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a dual-hole optical fiber for temperature and refractive index detection.

This paper presents a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a dual-hole optical fiber, designed for the simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature. The sensor is fabricated by side-polishing the dual-hole fiber and coating gold and silver films in the left and right holes, respectively. Additionally, the right hole is filled with polydimethylsiloxane to enable dual-parameter detection.

A new dipeptide from entomogenous fungus Y9.

A new dipeptide compound, namely N-[(Phenylmethoxy) carbonyl]-L-m-tyrosyl-L-proline methyl ester (), along with six identified nature products were separated from the entomogenous fungus Y9. 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, MS spectroscopic data as well as HRESIMS data were used to elucidate the chemical structures of these compounds. For the new dipeptide , electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data and specific rotation were used to confirm its absolute configuration.

Semaglutide ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction in mouse model of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive dysfunction, which significantly impacts the quality of life. Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has shown potential neuroprotective effects. This study investigates the efficacy of semaglutide in ameliorating cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of T2DM.

Research on the design and performance of drill pipe joints based on fracture mechanics methods.

In actual drilling operations, fatigue failure of drill pipe joints primarily occurs at the threaded connections, significantly increasing drilling costs. Given the severe vibrations and abnormal wear experienced by drill pipes under complex working conditions, a three-dimensional finite element model of drill pipe joints was developed. This model is based on fracture mechanics theory, the principle of virtual work, the Von Mises yield criterion, and contact nonlinear theory, while also incorporating the influence of thread taper angles.

Dietary inclusion of defatted black soldier fly larvae meal: impacts on laying hen performance, egg quality, serum biomarkers, and intestinal morphology.

This study investigated the effects of 3% (G3), 6% (G6), and 9% (G9) dietary defatted black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on 288 Hy-Line Brown laying hens over 210 days. While egg production and weight showed no significant differences ( > 0.05), feed-to-egg ratios increased in higher inclusion groups (G6, G9) versus 0% control (G0) during later phases ( < 0.

Ferrocene-based metal-organic frameworks with dual redox sites for advanced sodium-ion battery anodes.

Conventional sodium-ion battery (SIB) anodes are still lagging in capacity, reaction kinetics, and cycling stability, which motivates the development of high-performance anodes for advancing grid-scale energy storage. Herein, we report a ferrocene-based metal-organic framework (NF-MOF) anode with dual redox sites, synthesized on carbon cloth (CC) via a facile solvothermal method. This innovative design yields a binder-free NF-MOF@CC anode that integrates the redox activity of ferrocene (Fc/Fc) with the Ni/Ni redox couple.

Selective Functionalization of Benzene Ring via Carbene-Initiated [4,5]-Rearrangement.

The extreme similarity in electronic and steric reactivity among the C─H bonds present on alkyl-substituted aromatic rings presents a formidable challenge when it comes to achieving high selectivity during the para-selective functionalization of these bonds. This article presents a unique study that delves into the para-selective functionalization or dearomatization functionalization of benzene rings, achieved through the reaction of carbenes with allyl sulfoxides. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the transformation likely proceeds via an uncommon carbene-mediated [4,5]-rearrangement process.

Self-assembling peptide hydrogels: design, mechanisms, characterization, and biomedical applications.

Self-assembled peptide hydrogels have emerged as a research frontier in biomedical engineering due to their exceptional water-retention capacity and spatiotemporal drug release kinetics. Researchers can fabricate biomaterials with customizable structures and tailored functionalities by precisely engineering peptide sequences, modulating molecular self-assembly pathways, orchestrating intermolecular interactions, and optimizing strategies for loading active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). These intelligent biomaterials demonstrate significant potential across diverse applications, including targeted drug delivery systems, new anti-cancer therapies, bioactive wound healing scaffolds, 3D cell culture matrices, and biosensing interfaces.

Adding Fruit Fermentation Liquid Improves the Efficiency of the Black Soldier Fly in Converting Chicken Manure and Reshapes the Structure of Its Intestinal Microbial Community.

This study evaluated how fruit fermentation liquid (FFL) enhances the conversion of chicken manure by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and modulates their gut microbiota. Three groups were tested: control (A: 300 g manure + 50 g water), low-dose FFL (B: 300 g manure + 25 g FFL + 25 g water), and high-dose FFL (C: 300 g manure + 50 g FFL). The results show that the dry matter conversion rate significantly increased by 9.

Study on the active ingredients and mechanism of Huyang Yangkun Formula for treating premature ovarian insufficiency via chemical profiling, network pharmacology, and experimental validation.

Huyang Yangkun Formula (HYF) is a Chinese herbal remedy used for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), though its active ingredients and mechanisms are not well understood.This study aims to identify HYF's chemical components and investigate its mechanism in treating POI. Using UHPLC-QE Focus HRMS, chemical profiling and quantification were conducted.

S9.6 Antibody-Mediated Bivalent Capture Biosensor Using Vacuum-Assembled HCR Amplifier for One-Pot, Record-Fast and Ultrasensitive Detection of Nucleic Acid.

Electrochemical biosensors utilizing hybridization chain reaction (E-HCR) have witnessed substantial advancement over the past two decades, yet achieving simultaneous rapid and ultrasensitive detection remains a challenge with current strategies. Herein, we report a portable, wireless E-HCR biosensor that leverages S9.6 antibody-mediated bivalent capture for ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection, achieving a record-fast assay completion time.

S9.6 Antibody-Mediated Wireless Portable Biosensor with Multiple Affinity Enhancements for Comprehensive Detection of Nucleic Acid in Serum.

Creating biosensors capable of facilely and entirely excluding the influence of interfering biomolecules in complex samples holds profound significance for advancing detection technology and diagnostics. Here, we develop a wireless portable biosensor (WPB) that prevents interference from abundant biomolecules in serum through homogeneous hybridization and S9.6 antibody-mediated multivalent capture.

Efficacy of Action Observation Therapy on Cognitive Function in Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Action Observation Therapy (AOT) is a rehabilitation method believed to activate the mirror neuron system, which may contribute to cognitive recovery. Previous studies have shown varying results due to different intervention characteristics. This review will examine the efficacy of AOT on clinical cognitive function in stroke.

Robust Reconstructed Neural Network With Spectral Reshaping Activation.

Neural network (NN) is a prominent intelligent model to process information through the connection and activation of multilayer neurons. However, NNs usually encounter with the incorrect activation of neurons because of the excessive coverage for the boundary of compound noises. To address this issue, this article proposes a robust reconstructed NN (RRNN) with spectral reshaping activation (SRA).

Design and Characterization of Peptide-Based Self-Assembling Microgel for Encapsulation of Sesaminol.

Sesaminol is a natural functional compound of sesame with low bioaccessibility due to its high crystallinity. Here, a peptide-based self-assembly microgel was constructed to encapsulate sesaminol, reducing its crystallinity and improving its bioaccessibility. In this contribution, the peptide AcNH-Leu-Tyr-Tyr-CONH (LYY) was shown to form a mesoporous three-dimensional (3D) microgel through microstructure characterization.

Huyang Yangkun Formula Enhances Ovarian Function and Delays Reproductive Aging by Influencing Hypothalamic GnRH/LH Pulse Release Through GAT-1/GABA/GABAAR2.

Background: Huyang Yangkun Formula (HYF), based on Yin and Yang principles, is effective in treating Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) and enhancing reproduction, but its mechanism needs to be clarified.

Aim: This study investigates HYF's impact on enhancing ovarian follicles development via GABA/GnRH neuron regulation.

Materials And Methods: The chemical components of water extract of HYF were analyzed by combining the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive mass spectrum analysis (UHPLC-QE-MS).

Climate risks, multi-tier medical insurance systems, and health inequality: evidence from China's middle-aged and elderly populations.

Background: Against the backdrop of increasing population aging, the uncertainty and irreversibility of climate change have a significant impact on the health and healthcare burden of the elderly. However, it remains uncertain whether the multi-tiered medical insurance system disproportionately influences the health impacts of climate risks.

Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2020, matched with urban climate risk variables, we employ a multi-dimensional panel fixed effects model and an instrumental variable model to examine the impact of climate risks on the health of the middle-aged and elderly, while also investigating the unequal effects of the multi-tiered medical insurance system.

Self-Organizing Stacked Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network With Rule Generalization.

Type-2 fuzzy neural networks (T2FNNs) are particularly effective in dealing with nonlinear systems. However, they inevitably suffer from multicollinearity problems caused by the significant overlaps of the footprint uncertainty (FOU), which leads to generalization biases. To solve this challenge, a self-organizing stacked T2FNN with rule generalization (RG-SOST2FNN) is developed to boost its overall performance.

Efficacy and safety of HYYK formula for residual follicle revival in premature ovarian insufficiency: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial protocol.

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), a condition impacting women under 40, is rising globally, posing significant risks to fertility, bone health, and cardiovascular function. Conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alleviates symptoms but fails to restore ovarian function. Our prior studies have demonstrated that the Huyang Yangkun (HYYK) formula effectively supports menstrual cycle frequency and alleviates menopause-related symptoms in POI patients.

A review on the screening methods for the discovery of natural antimicrobial peptides.

Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine, food, and agriculture. However, efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges, including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance.

Analysis of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in 100 pregnant women with Rh-negative blood type.

Background: This study aimed to explore variations in prenatal care, delivery methods, influencing factors, and neonatal outcomes among Rh-negative pregnant women, so as to improve pregnancy healthcare for this demographic, raise the quality of maternal-fetal management, and safeguard the health of both mother and infant.

Methods: This study included 200 women who received routine prenatal care, exhibited no other pregnancy complications, and were admitted for delivery. They were divided into an observation group (100 Rh-negative blood type) and a control group (100 Rh-positive blood type).

Whether perceived limb heaviness affects return to work among patients with ischemic stroke.

This study aims to explore the relationship between perceived limb heaviness and return to work (RTW) among ischemic stroke patients. We retrospectively reviewed the data of consecutive participants recruited in the CIRCLE study. Perceived limb heaviness was gathered from self-reported by 1-year follow-up.