Dipole induction by structural engineering of supports for Fe single-atom photocatalysts toward excellent photocatalytic ozonation.

Efforts in designing efficient polymer-based single atom photocatalysts (SAPs) have primarily focused on selecting specific metal atoms with tailored geometries and properties to control functionality. However, the impact of the light-harvesting units that bridge these single metal atoms, crucial for light absorption and energy transfer, has been largely overlooked. In this work, two carbon nitride (CN)-based iron SAPs with a similar FeN coordination environment are synthesized: triazine-based CN (CN) and nitrogen-rich triazole-based CN (CN), differing in the unit cell structure.

Postoperative transient sympathetic storm after endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization in pediatric hydrocephalus.

Background: In recent years, the use of endoscopic third ventriculostomy combined with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV + CPC) for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus has gained increasing attention, particularly in North America and Africa. It has shown potential to enhance the efficacy of ETV alone and reduce the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. However, research on the potential side effects of CPC, particularly concerning postoperative sympathetic nervous system responses, remains limited.

Neurogenic pulmonary edema in a child with traumatic epidural hematoma and brain herniation.

Traumatic epidural hematoma is a common pathological condition following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a rare but life-threatening complication, typically occurring in association with acute severe intracranial pathologies. Cases of pediatric traumatic epidural hematoma complicated by NPE are exceedingly rare.

Stationary Oxygen Vacancy Construction toward a Superior-Performance Ultrahigh Nickel Single-Crystal Cathode.

Oxygen vacancies exert a complex and profound influence on the layered cathodes, especially those with ultrahigh nickel content. They can facilitate lithium-ion transport and enhance electronic conductivity, while aggressive oxygen vacancy formation causes structural degradation and electrolyte decomposition. Herein, taking ultrahigh nickel single-crystal LiNiCoMnO (SC-Ni92) as a model material, we propose a pinning strategy to harness the benefits of oxygen vacancies while mitigating their detrimental effects.

VISTA immune checkpoint blunts radiotherapy-induced antitumor immune response.

Radiotherapy (RT) is a key treatment for solid neoplasms like head and neck cancer (HNC), but it can also activate and recruit immunosuppressive myeloid cells, causing treatment failure. In this study, we examine the role of V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) on myeloid cells during RT. We discovered high VISTA expression on myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of both murine and human HNC, with RT increasing VISTA myeloid cells in the TME and circulation.

FTO inhibition enhances the therapeutic index of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer.

Despite aggressive chemoradiation treatment, the overall survival rate for patients with HPV- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor, highlighting the urgent need for more effective drug-radiotherapy combinations to improve the therapeutic index of radiation therapy (RT). The fat mass and obesity-related gene (FTO) is emerging as a promising cancer therapeutic target; however, its role in the RT response has been underexplored. In our study, we found that both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of FTO enhanced the efficacy of RT in human and mouse HNSCC tumor xenografts.

Comparing the efficacy of ankle arthrodesis performed through anterior or lateral approaches in end-stage ankle arthritis treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthrodesis performed through anterior and lateral approaches for ankle arthritis treatment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 86 patients with ankle arthritis treated with ankle arthrodesis between January 2019 and December 2022 was conducted. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 65 patients were ultimately included.

An acid-free process to prepare battery grade nickel and cobalt sulfates from complex resources.

Nickel sulfate is a critical compound for lithium-ion batteries, mainly prepared from nickel sulfide concentrate (NSC). Typically, high-temperature smelting or high-pressure leaching is required to achieve high extraction rates for Ni and Co. Here, we demonstrate an acid-free atmospheric leaching process for effectively processing of NSC using a mechanochemical treatment.

Designing Flexible Carbon Nanofiber Membranes by Electrospinning and Cross-Linking for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

Traditional carbon-based materials suffer from fragility, low mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity when they are used as a gas diffusion layer (GDL) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), resulting in low power density. In this study, a flexible carbon nanofiber membrane (CFM) was studied for use as a GDL, prepared by polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospinning with the incorporation of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polyethylenimine (PEI) impregnation, glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking, and thermal treatment. The concentrations of MWCNTs in the electrospinning solution and PEI in the impregnation solution were investigated.

Application of PTFE composite catalytic filter material in synergistic purification of multiple pollutants in waste incineration flue gas.

The effective management of pollutants in waste incineration flue gas remains a critical challenge in environmental protection. This study develops a novel vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo)/cerium (Ce), titanium (Ti)-polytetrafluoroethylene (VMo/CeTi-PTFE) composite catalytic filtration material to address the simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants in waste incineration flue gas purification. A systematic investigation of its performance and reaction mechanisms reveals that the coating process optimizes the pore structure of the filtration material.

Degradation of PCDD/Fs from incineration of waste at low temperatures for resource utilization of fly ash.

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) is of great value in resource utilization. Harmless pretreatment is a crucial prerequisite for the resource utilization of MSWIFA. The detoxification process is a crucial step in the harmless pretreatment of MSWIFA.

Interpretable Machine Learning Models Delivering a New Perspective for the Reaction Mechanism between Organic Pollutants and Oxidative Radicals.

Machine learning (ML) is expected to bring new insights into the impact of organic structures on the reaction mechanisms in reactive oxygen species oxidation. However, understanding the underlying chemical mechanisms still faces challenges due to the limited interpretability of the ML models. In this study, interpretable ML models were established to predict the second-order rate constants between hydroxyl radicals (OH) and organics ().

Nonadjustable state of programmable shunt valve: obstruction of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst-peritoneal shunt.

Background: A nonadjustable state of the programmable shunt valve is a rare phenomenon. This case report aims to explore the cause of pressure adjustment dysfunction in a programmable shunt valve in a middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst-peritoneal shunt patient and to underscore this dysfunction as an indicator of shunt valve obstruction.

Case Presentation: A child with a ruptured giant arachnoid cyst in the left middle cranial fossa presented with acute intracranial hypertension following head trauma.

Separation of valuable materials from spent lithium-ion battery based on granulation regulation.

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries has attracted worldwide attention to ensure sustainability of electric vehicle industry. Pretreatment as an essential step for recycling of spent LIBs is critical to ensure the recovery efficiency and quality of black mass which is used for further materials regeneration. Usually, high temperature pyrolysis, at around 600 °C is required during the pretreatment to achieve effective separation of the black mass that is binding on aluminium foils with polyvinylidene fluoride binder.

[Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risk Changes of Heavy Metal Pollution Carried by PM in Beijing and Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness].

To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution prevention and control measures in Beijing, this study measured the content of 13 metal elements, including seven heavy metal elements [As, Cd, Co, Cr（Ⅵ）, Ni, Pb, and V], through daily PM sampling （ = 934） in the urban area of Beijing for four years. We analyzed the interannual changes in the concentration levels of various metals and the differences between heating and non-heating seasons, used a positive definite matrix factorization （PMF） model for quantitative source analysis, and used health risk assessment methods to evaluate the health risks of six metals. The results showed that, except for a few metal elements such as Cr（Ⅵ） and Ni, which showed an increase in concentration in individual years, the overall concentration of each element showed a downward trend.

High-Entropy Rock-Salt Surface Layer Stabilizes the Ultrahigh-Ni Single-Crystal Cathode.

Single-crystalline Ni-rich layered oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their superior structural stability. However, sluggish lithium-ion diffusion kinetics and interfacial issues hinder their practical applications. These issues intensify with increasing Ni content in the ultrahigh-Ni regime (≥90%), significantly threatening the practical viability of the single-crystalline strategy for ultrahigh-Ni layered oxide cathodes.

Gold-siRNA supraclusters enhance the anti-tumor immune response of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy at primary and metastatic tumors.

Strategies to enhance the anti-tumor immune response of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) at primary tumors and abscopal sites are under intensive investigation. Here we report a metabolizable binary supracluster (BSC) that combines gold nanoclusters as radiosensitizing adjuvants with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the immunosuppressive mediator galectin-1 (Gal-1). BSC comprises reversibly crosslinked cationic gold nanoclusters and siRNA complexes in a polymer matrix that biodegrades over weeks, facilitating clearance (90.

Zwitterionic Nanochannels in Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Improved Flux and Antifouling Property.

Zwitterionic membranes demonstrate excellent antifouling property in water purification. The covalent organic frameworks (COFs), due to the ordered channels and abundant organic functional groups, have distinct superiority in constructing zwitterionic surfaces.Here, the zwitterionic COF membrane is prepared with precise framework structures and uniform charge distribution.

Recommendations for the reference concentration of cadmium exposure based on a physiologically based toxicokinetic model integrated with a human respiratory tract model.

Cadmium (Cd) poses a significant threat to human health. However, chronic toxicity parameters for inhalation exposure are lacking, especially for noncritical systemic toxic effects. A physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model can be used to extrapolate toxicity parameters across various exposure routes.

Massive traumatic epidural hematoma in a child with suprasellar arachnoid cyst and hydrocephalus.

We present a case of a child with a suprasellar arachnoid cyst and hydrocephalus who developed a massive traumatic epidural hematoma following a fall. This represents the first reported case of such a condition. The case is characterized by a progressive increase in hemorrhage leading to a massive hematoma, yet with relatively mild clinical symptoms.

Tert-expressing cells contribute to salivary gland homeostasis and tissue regeneration after radiation therapy.

Salivary gland homeostasis and regeneration after radiotherapy depend significantly on progenitor cells. However, the lineage of submandibular gland (SMG) progenitor cells remains less defined compared with other normal organs. Here, using a mouse strain expressing regulated CreERT2 recombinase from the endogenous Tert locus, we identify a distinct telomerase-expressing (Tert) cell population located in the ductal region of the adult SMG.

A novel trans-occipital catheter placement guide for ventriculoperitoneal shunts.

We have designed a novel device that facilitates the accurate placement of occipital ventricular catheters in ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures. After 7 years of clinical use, this device has consistently demonstrated its simplicity, user-friendliness, and effectiveness. It enables both experienced surgeons and novices to confidently and accurately position the ventricular catheter to a satisfactory location.