UAV rice panicle blast detection based on enhanced feature representation and optimized attention mechanism.

Background: Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases in rice cultivation, significantly threatening global food security. Timely and precise detection of rice panicle blast is crucial for effective disease management and prevention of crop losses. This study introduces ConvGAM, a novel semantic segmentation model leveraging the ConvNeXt-Large backbone network and the Global Attention Mechanism (GAM).

Noninvasive Abiotic Stress Phenotyping of Vascular Plant in Each Vegetative Organ View.

The last decades have witnessed a rapid development of noninvasive plant phenotyping, capable of detecting plant stress scale levels from the subcellular to the whole population scale. However, even with such a broad range, most phenotyping objects are often just concerned with leaves. This review offers a unique perspective of noninvasive plant stress phenotyping from a multi-organ view.

Effects of micro-nano bubble water addition on maturation degree and microbial community during aerobic composting.

In order to explore the effects of micro-nano bubble water (MNBW) on compost maturation and the microbial community in cow manure and straw during aerobic composting, we conducted composting tests using tap water with 12 mg/L (O12), 15 mg/L (O15), 18 mg/L (O18), and 21 mg/L (O21) dissolved oxygen in MNBW, as well as tap water with 9 mg/L dissolved oxygen as a control (CK). The results showed that O21 increased the maximum compost temperature to 64 °C, which was higher than the other treatments. All treatments met the harmless standards for compost.

Noninvasive Detection of Salt Stress in Cotton Seedlings by Combining Multicolor Fluorescence-Multispectral Reflectance Imaging with EfficientNet-OB2.

Salt stress is considered one of the primary threats to cotton production. Although cotton is found to have reasonable salt tolerance, it is sensitive to salt stress during the seedling stage. This research aimed to propose an effective method for rapidly detecting salt stress of cotton seedlings using multicolor fluorescence-multispectral reflectance imaging coupled with deep learning.

Synchronously Predicting Tea Polyphenol and Epigallocatechin Gallate in Tea Leaves Using Fourier Transform-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning.

Tea polyphenol and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were considered as key components of tea. The rapid prediction of these two components can be beneficial for tea quality control and product development for tea producers, breeders and consumers. This study aimed to develop reliable models for tea polyphenols and EGCG content prediction during the breeding process using Fourier Transform-near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms.

A Synthetic Review of Various Dimensions of Non-Destructive Plant Stress Phenotyping.

Non-destructive plant stress phenotyping begins with traditional one-dimensional (1D) spectroscopy, followed by two-dimensional (2D) imaging, three-dimensional (3D) or even temporal-three-dimensional (T-3D), spectral-three-dimensional (S-3D), and temporal-spectral-three-dimensional (TS-3D) phenotyping, all of which are aimed at observing subtle changes in plants under stress. However, a comprehensive review that covers all these dimensional types of phenotyping, ordered in a spatial arrangement from 1D to 3D, as well as temporal and spectral dimensions, is lacking. In this review, we look back to the development of data-acquiring techniques for various dimensions of plant stress phenotyping (1D spectroscopy, 2D imaging, 3D phenotyping), as well as their corresponding data-analyzing pipelines (mathematical analysis, machine learning, or deep learning), and look forward to the trends and challenges of high-performance multi-dimension (integrated spatial, temporal, and spectral) phenotyping demands.

High-throughput phenotyping salt tolerance in JUNCAOs by combining prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence with hyperspectral spectroscopy.

The planting of salt-tolerant plants is regarded as the one of important measurements to improve the saline-alkali lands. The outstanding biological properties of JUNCAOs have made them candidates to improve and utilize saline-alkali lands. At present, little attention has been paid to developing a non-destructive and high throughput approach to evaluate the salt tolerance of JUNCAO.

Citrus Huanglongbing detection and semi-quantification of the carbohydrate concentration based on micro-FTIR spectroscopy.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is nowadays one of the most fatal citrus diseases worldwide. Once the citrus tree is infected by the HLB disease, the biochemistry of the phloem region in midribs would change. In order to investigate the carbohydrate changes in phloem region of citrus midrib, the semi-quantification models were established to predict the carbohydrate concentration in it based on Fourier transform infrared microscopy (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics.

Optimal temporal-spatial fluorescence techniques for phenotyping nitrogen status in oilseed rape.

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer maximizes the growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by improving photosynthetic performance. Elucidating the dynamic relationship between fluorescence and plant N status could provide a non-destructive diagnosis of N status and the breeding of N-efficient cultivars.

Development of a Low-Cost Narrow Band Multispectral Imaging System Coupled with Chemometric Analysis for Rapid Detection of Rice False Smut in Rice Seed.

Spectral imaging is a promising technique for detecting the quality of rice seeds. However, the high cost of the system has limited it to more practical applications. The study was aimed to develop a low-cost narrow band multispectral imaging system for detecting rice false smut (RFS) in rice seeds.

Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Kinsenoside Compound from (Wall.) Lindl by Response Surface Methodology (RSM).

The purpose of this study was to establish an extraction method for the kinsenoside compound from the whole plant . Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method were used to extract and determine the content of kinsenoside, while response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process. The best possible range for methanol concentration (0-100%), the liquid-solid ratio (5:1-30:1 mL/g), ultrasonic power (240-540 W), duration of ultrasound (10-50 min), ultrasonic temperature (10-60 °C), and the number of extractions (1-4) were obtained according to the single factor experiments.

Combining near-infrared hyperspectral imaging with elemental and isotopic analysis to discriminate farm-raised pacific white shrimp from high-salinity and low-salinity environments.

White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) raised in low-salinity farm are considered inferior to those in seawater. In order to develop a rapid discrimination method for the food industry, we investigated the potential of using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging to discriminate shrimp muscle samples from freshwater and seawater farms. We constructed 3 different discrimination models with 4 optimal wavelength selection methods and compared the performance of each model.

Using hyperspectral analysis as a potential high throughput phenotyping tool in GWAS for protein content of rice quality.

Background: The advances of hyperspectral technology provide a new analytic means to decrease the gap of phenomics and genomics caused by the fast development of plant genomics with the next generation sequencing technology. Through hyperspectral technology, it is possible to phenotype the biochemical attributes of rice seeds and use the data for GWAS.

Results: The results of correlation analysis indicated that Normalized Difference Spectral Index (NDSI) had high correlation with protein content (PC) with R  = 0.

Rapid detection of cadmium and its distribution in Miscanthus sacchariflorus based on visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging.

Monitoring the effectiveness of Miscanthus sacchariflorus to meet the basic requirements for environmental remediation projects is an important step in determining its use as a productive bioenergy crop for phytoremediation. Conventional chemical methods for the determination of cadmium (Cd) contents involve time-consuming, monotonous and destructive procedures and are not suitable for high-throughput screening. In the present study, visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging technology combined with chemometric methods was used to assess the Cd concentrations in M.

Dynamic monitoring of biomass of rice under different nitrogen treatments using a lightweight UAV with dual image-frame snapshot cameras.

Background: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing provides a flexible, low-cost, and efficient approach to monitor crop growth status at fine spatial and temporal resolutions, and has a high potential to accelerate breeding process and improve precision field management.

Method: In this study, we discussed the use of lightweight UAV with dual image-frame snapshot cameras to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) and panicle biomass (PB) of rice at different growth stages with different nitrogen (N) treatments. The spatial-temporal variations in the typical vegetation indices (VIs) and AGB were first investigated, and the accuracy of crop surface model (CSM) extracted from the Red Green Blue (RGB) images at two different stages were also evaluated.

Phenotyping of Drought Stress Response Using Kinetic Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Multicolor Fluorescence Imaging.

Plant responses to drought stress are complex due to various mechanisms of drought avoidance and tolerance to maintain growth. Traditional plant phenotyping methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and subjective. Plant phenotyping by integrating kinetic chlorophyll fluorescence with multicolor fluorescence imaging can acquire plant morphological, physiological, and pathological traits related to photosynthesis as well as its secondary metabolites, which will provide a new means to promote the progress of breeding for drought tolerant accessions and gain economic benefit for global agriculture production.

Lipopolysaccharides Trigger Two Successive Bursts of Reactive Oxygen Species at Distinct Cellular Locations.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and are an important microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) that triggers immune responses in plants and animals. A previous genetic screen in Arabidopsis () identified LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION (LORE), a B-type lectin -domain receptor kinase, as a sensor of LPS. However, the LPS-activated LORE signaling pathway and associated immune responses remain largely unknown.

Sensitive Wavelengths Selection in Identification of Based on Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Technology.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology has increasingly been applied as an analytical tool in fields of agricultural, food, and Traditional Chinese Medicine over the past few years. The HSI spectrum of a sample is typically achieved by a spectroradiometer at hundreds of wavelengths. In recent years, considerable effort has been made towards identifying wavelengths (variables) that contribute useful information.

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Uncovers Photosynthetic Fingerprint of Citrus Huanglongbing.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus, which has posed a serious threat to the global citrus production. This research was aimed to explore the use of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging combined with feature selection to characterize and detect the HLB disease. Chlorophyll fluorescence images of citrus leaf samples were measured by an in-house chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system.

[Negative air ions generated by plants upon pulsed electric field stimulation applied to soil].

This paper investigated the capacity of plants (Schlumbergera truncata, Aloe vera var. chinensis, Chlorophytum comosum, Schlumbergera bridgesii, Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii, Aspidistra elatior, Cymbidium kanran, Echinocactus grusonii, Agave americana var.