Medication Adherence Technologies: A Classification Taxonomy Based on Features.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive classification system for medication adherence technologies based on an inventory of characteristics and features of existing technology.

Participants And Methods: Using a 3-stage approach methodology-development, validation, and evaluation, the study adopted the taxonomy development method and was conducted from February 1, 2023 to July 31, 2024. In the development stage, medication adherence technologies were defined, end users were identified, and a meta-characteristic was determined; using both empirical-to-conceptual and conceptual-to-empirical approaches, dimensions and characteristics were identified.

3D printable phase change information storage label films for dynamic and multi-level anti-counterfeiting.

Anti-counterfeiting technology demands continuous innovation to address escalating global counterfeiting challenges. This study introduces 3D printable phase change information storage label films for dynamic, multi-level anti-counterfeiting applications. Utilizing extrusion-based 3D printing, customizable anti-counterfeiting labels with complex encrypted information such as barcodes and QR codes were fabricated.

Orthokeratology for myopia control: a three-year longitudinal study on axial length modulation influenced by baseline age and spherical equivalent.

Background: Myopia, particularly high myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -6.00D), poses significant risks of irreversible vision loss due to ocular complications. Orthokeratology (Ortho-k), a corneal reshaping intervention, has demonstrated efficacy in slowing axial length (AL) elongation.

The response of the stem sap flow dynamics of to rainfall variability in the desert-oasis transition zone of Northwest China.

Plant transpiration is a fundamental process for maintaining the water cycle, regulating temperature and facilitating nutrient uptake, while also playing a critical role in climate regulation and ecosystem services. However, a significant knowledge gap remains in the understanding of how plant transpiration responds to changes in precipitation patterns within dryland ecosystems. In the present study, the stem sap flow of the phreatophyte xerophytic shrub , meteorological factors, soil moisture content, and bare soil evaporation were examined to assess the effects of two different rainfall categories (category I: lower mean rainfall amount and duration; category II: higher mean rainfall amount and duration) on stem sap flow dynamics.

The Role of Pharmacists in Delivering Pharmaceutical Services to Breast Cancer Patients in Clinical and Community Settings: A Scoping Review.

(1) Background: Patient-centered care for individuals with breast cancer requires multidisciplinary cooperation to ensure the appropriate use of medication and prevent medication-related problems. Pharmaceutical care has been associated with improved adherence in breast cancer management, a factor linked to patient outcomes and mortality. This study aims to summarize and explore the provision and utilization of pharmaceutical services for breast cancer patients by pharmacists.

Association of reproductive characteristics with osteoporosis and FRAX scores in Chinese postmenopausal women: a QCT-based cross-sectional study.

Reproductive characteristics, including age at menarche (AAM), age at natural menopause (ANM), and parity, may influence bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women through the duration of estrogen exposure and the regulation of calcium homeostasis. Current Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) exclude these parameters, potentially limiting their accuracy in identifying high-risk individuals. This study aimed to investigate the associations between reproductive characteristics and the risk of osteoporosis, as well as the fracture probabilities derived from FRAX.

Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use Among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Attending Primary Care-Based Memory Clinics.

Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) increase the risk of adverse drug reactions, hospitalizations, and worsened health outcomes in older adults, particularly those with cognitive impairment (CI) or dementia. This study was designed to compare the Beers Criteria 2023 and the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) Criteria 2023 to determine which identifies a higher prevalence of PIMs in older adults with CI or dementia attending primary care-based memory clinics. PIMs were identified with the use of the updated Beers Criteria 2023 and STOPP Criteria 2023, from electronic medical records of study participants from January to August 2023.

Novel CT-based vertebral three-dimensional Hounsfield unit for assessment of bone mineral density.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish a novel index, three-dimensional Hounsfield unit (3D-HU), to assess bone density, and evaluated its correlation with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scores.

Methods: This study reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent lumbar spine computed tomography (CT) and DXA at our hospital within one week. Patients were divided into osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups according to T-score.

A reassessment of existing systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of cryotherapy in patients following total knee arthroplasty.

Objective: This study reassessed systematic reviews on cryotherapy efficacy following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: Ten databases were searched from January 1, 2018 to September 15, 2023 for relevant systematic reviews. Two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data.

Income-Based Disparities in Opioid Prescription Dispensing Among Public Drug Plan Beneficiaries in Canada from 2010 to 2018: A Population-Based and Sex-Stratified Retrospective Study.

Background: Previous research in Canada has examined opioids prescription dispensing at the population level but did not examine the potential relationship with area-level income and rates of opioid dispensing.

Objective: The aim was to estimate average and annual opioid dispensing rate ratios (RRs) between lowest and highest income quintile geographic areas in Canada.

Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective study using the National Prescription Drug Utilization Information System (NPDUIS) between 2010 and 2018 that contains prescription records for all public drug plan beneficiaries (65+) in all Canadian provinces, excluding Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.

Preparation of g-CN/CoO/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose.

g-CN, a biocompatible material, has prominent applications in biology and is ideal for nano-enzyme studies. Though reported as a peroxidase mimic, its activity remains low. This group combined N,S-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) with g-CN (7NSC-g), verifying its peroxidase-like activity.

Chronic low-level exposure to Pb, Hg, and Cd mixture triggers brain premature aging in rat.

Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), prevalent neurotoxic heavy metals in the environment, are commonly detected at low concentrations in the blood of the general population. Our previous studies demonstrated that Pb, Hg, and Cd mixture induced neurodevelopmental toxicity even at very low levels. However, the long-term effects of low-level Pb, Hg, Cd exposure on brain aging remain unclear.

Genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF gene family and functional characterization of StoERF109 in Solanum torvum response to Verticillium dahliae infection.

This study identified 176 AP2/ERF genes in Solanum torvum, and investigated their sequence information. The functional analysis showed that StoERF109 positively functions in S. torvum against Verticillium wilt.

Comprehensive Clinical Analysis of Rilonacept in the Treatment of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), a group of interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediated autoinflammatory disorders, were incorporated into China's "Second List of Rare Diseases" in 2023. Notably, rilonacept, an IL-1 inhibitor approved in the United States since 2008, has been a key treatment for CAPS. However, comprehensive analysis of its efficacy and safety are limited.

Low back pain among the working-age population: from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: The burden of low back pain in the global working-age population (WAP) is substantial and exhibits unique characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate global, regional, and national trends in low back pain prevalence among the WAP over a 32-year period.

Methods: We utilized data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to evaluate the global impact of low back pain in the WAP from 1990 to 2021.

A novel CRISPR-Cas9 nickase-mediated rolling circle amplification (CRIRCA) technique for gene identification and quantitative analysis of extrachromosomal DNA.

Introduction: Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancerous tumors. Although Circle-seq and other genetic technologies can be utilized for ecDNA analysis, they fail to provide multi-dimensional information from ecDNA, which is time-consuming and laborious.

Objectives: Herein, by combining the netlike rolling circle amplification (NRCA) with CRISPR, we developed a novel CRISPR-Cas9 nickase-mediated RCA (CRIRCA) technology that can meet the clinical analysis needs of ecDNA.

Global burden trends and forecasts for MAFLD in adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021.

Metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a widespread chronic liver condition that has been steadily increasing among adolescents and young adults in recent years, posing a major global public health concern. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data on MAFLD, focusing on prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for individuals aged 15-39, spanning the period from 1990 to 2021. This research examines data from the GBD study covering 1990 to 2021 to assess the prevalence, incidence, and DALYs associated with of MAFLD in adolescents and young adults aged 15-39.

Efficacy of quadratus lumborum block type 3 on postoperative cell-mediated immunity and analgesia for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Various methods have been formulated to reduce pain and relieve immunosuppression in order to improve prognosis. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) on the postoperative analgesia and perioperative cell-mediated immunity in patients underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.

Patients And Methods: A total of 54 patients scheduled for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were randomly evenly assigned into both groups.

The global burden of vertebral fractures caused by falls among individuals aged 55 and older, 1990 to 2021.

Purpose: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the global incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) attributable to vertebral fractures from falls among individuals aged 55 and older between 1990 and 2021, with trends further delineated by gender, geographic region, and socio-demographic index (SDI).

Methods: This study utilized data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, focusing on trend changes and stratified characteristics of the burden of vertebral fractures caused by falls among individuals aged 55 and older.

Results: In 2021, there were approximately 2.

Orthogonal DNA self-assembly technology enables rapid and accurate analysis of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer.

Background: As a non-invasive liquid biopsy technology, the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) overcomes the limitations of traditional tissue biopsy methods, enabling continuous sample collection and long-term dynamic monitoring. However, current CTCs analysis methods typically rely on cell size to separate and identify tumor cells, which fails to effectively distinguish tumor cells from different sources. In addition, existing methods are often constrained by limited antibody species, typically detecting only 2-3 molecular phenotypes.

CT-based vertebral three-dimensional Hounsfield unit can predict the new vertebral fracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in postmenopausal women: a retrospective study.

Background: Vertebral Hounsfield unit (HU) were regarded as a new way to predict fragility fracture. However, HU values were measured in a single plane, which is not accurate for the entire vertebral body. This study aimed to create a new CT-based metric for assessing bone mineral density, three-dimensional Hounsfield unit value (3D-HU), and to evaluate its effect in independently predicting new vertebral fracture (NVF) after percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) in postmenopausal women.

Effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate injection on pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines in Chinese patients with atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Inflammation, as the basic pathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis, promotes the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In numerous experiments based on animal and cellular models, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) injection has been found to reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines in patients with AS and ASCVD, exerting an anti-inflammatory effect to treat the disease.

Objectives: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to quantify the effects of STS on pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines in patients with AS and ASCVD.