Scalable VO-metal metasurface enabling adaptive and frequency-selective infrared switching.

Infrared windows-enabled infrared inspection has significant applications in both civilian and military domains. However, the static and indiscriminate transparency across the visible to infrared regions renders them vulnerable to potential laser damage. In this study, we construct a dynamic infrared optical switch based on a vanadium dioxide (VO)-Al metasurface structure.

Novel CT-based vertebral three-dimensional Hounsfield unit for assessment of bone mineral density.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish a novel index, three-dimensional Hounsfield unit (3D-HU), to assess bone density, and evaluated its correlation with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scores.

Methods: This study reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent lumbar spine computed tomography (CT) and DXA at our hospital within one week. Patients were divided into osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups according to T-score.

Cobalt-Oxygen Coordination Steering *NO Hydrogenation in Nitrate Electroreduction.

Understanding the hydrogenation behavior of *NO during electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) is essential for designing catalysts with high selectivity toward ammonia (NH) and valuable intermediates like hydroxylamine. Spinel cobalt oxides (CoO) are promising NORR electrocatalysts, yet the exact *NO hydrogenation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we integrate theoretical calculations and systematic experiments to reveal that the hydrogenation pathway is dictated by the coordination environment, which can be tuned via crystal facet engineering.

Lamb1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway drives endothelial angiogenesis for fracture healing.

Objectives: Fractures, usually caused by trauma or osteoporosis, are the most common traumatic injuries to large organs in humans. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two crucial parts of fracture healing that work together to promote the repair and regeneration of damaged bone. Endothelial cell migration is critical for angiogenesis.

Adaptive Radiative Cooling via Spectral Decoupling in Bilayered Polymer/VO NP Nanocomposites.

The imperatives of low energy consumption and environmental sustainability have intensified the demand for passive radiative cooling systems that operate without electrical input. However, the inherent cooling effect under low temperatures significantly hampers their energy-saving potential. Besides, the inflexibility of conventional designs restricts their application to complex or nonplanar surfaces.

Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are promising nutrients for the prevention and management of psychiatric disorders. Both animal experiments and cohort studies have demonstrated the antidepressant effects of PUFAs, especially omega-3 PUFAs. However, inconsistent reports about specific types of PUFAs, such as the omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs, still exist.

Multifunctional Radiation Conditioning Emitter for Laser and Infrared with Adaptive Radiative Cooling.

With the development of technology, multifunctional multiband emitters have been paid much attention due to their wide range of applications, such as LIDAR detection, spectroscopic sensing, and infrared thermal management. However, the development of such emitters is impeded by incompatible structural requirements of different electromagnetic wavebands. Here, we demonstrate coupled modulation between near-infrared (NIR) laser-wavelength and long-wavelength-infrared by constructing a multifunctional emitter (MFE) with a structure of Al/HfO/VO, utilizing the phase transition of VO.

Tunable High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of VO Nanowires-Based Composite.

The unique metal-insulator transition of VO is very suitable for dynamic electromagnetic (EM) regulation materials due to its sharp change in electrical conductivity. Here, we have developed an off/on switchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite by interconnecting VO nanowires (NWs) in poly(vinylidene fluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) to form conductive networks, resulting in outstanding performance at the X and Ku bands with maximum change values of 44.8 and 59.

Tunable VO cavity enables multispectral manipulation from visible to microwave frequencies.

Optical materials capable of dynamically manipulating electromagnetic waves are an emerging field in memories, optical modulators, and thermal management. Recently, their multispectral design preliminarily attracts much attention, aiming to enhance their efficiency and integration of functionalities. However, the multispectral manipulation based on these materials is challenging due to their ubiquitous wavelength dependence restricting their capacity to narrow wavelengths.

Unprecedented Spatial Manipulation and Transformation of Dynamic Thermal Radiation Based on Vanadium Dioxide.

Reconfigurable infrared (IR) materials have widespread applications in thermal management and smart IR concealment. Although various reconfigurable IR materials can be customized by positive or negative differential VO-based resonators, their insightful mechanism remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigate the fundamental design rule of reconfigurable thermal radiation between positive and negative differential thermal radiation properties for the first time.

Genetic architecture and key regulatory genes of fatty acid composition in Gushi chicken breast muscle determined by GWAS and WGCNA.

Background: Fatty acids composition in poultry muscle is directly related to its tenderness, flavour, and juiciness, whereas its genetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, the genetic structure and key regulatory genes of the breast muscle fatty acid composition of local Chinese chicken, Gushi-Anka F2 resource population by integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) strategies. GWAS was performed based on 323,306 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained by genotyping by sequencing (GBS) method and 721 chickens from the Gushi-Anka F2 resource population with highly variable fatty acid composition traits in the breast muscle.

Analysis of Thermal Stress in Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films by Finite Element Method.

The buckling, de-lamination, and cracking of the thin film/substrate system caused by thermal stress is the main obstacle for functional failure. Moreover, the thermal stress of vanadium dioxide (VO) thin film may be more complicated due to the stress re-distribution caused by phase transition. Therefore, the thermal stress of VO thin films deposited on four substrates with different materials (fused silica, silicon slice, sapphire, and glass) has been studied by finite element method in the present work.

Passive and Dynamic Phase-Change-Based Radiative Cooling in Outdoor Weather.

Radiative cooling has attracted considerable attention due to its tremendous potential in exploiting the cold reservoir of deep sky. However, overcooling always occurs in the conventional static radiative coolers because they operate only in the cooling mode in both hot and cold. Therefore, a dynamic radiative cooler based on phase change materials is highly desired.

Plasmalogens Eliminate Aging-Associated Synaptic Defects and Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Mice.

Neurodegeneration is a pathological condition in which nervous system or neuron losses its structure, function, or both leading to progressive neural degeneration. Growing evidence strongly suggests that reduction of plasmalogens (Pls), one of the key brain lipids, might be associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasmalogens are abundant members of ether-phospholipids.

VO-Based Infrared Radiation Regulator with Excellent Dynamic Thermal Management Performance.

Dynamic thermal management materials attract fast-increasing interest due to their adaptability to changing environments and greater energy savings as compared to static materials. However, the high transition temperature and the low emittance tunability of the vanadium dioxide (VO)-based infrared radiation regulators limit their practical applications. This study addresses these issues by proposing a smart infrared radiation regulator based on a Fabry-Pérot cavity structure (VO/HfO/Al), which is prepared by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and has the potential for large-scale production.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of benzofuran piperidine derivatives as Aβ antiaggregant.

A series of benzofuran piperidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional Aβ antiaggregant to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro results revealed that all of them are very good Aβ antiaggregants and some of the compounds are potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors with moderate antioxidant property. Selected compounds were also tested for neuroprotection activity, LDH release, ATP production and inhibitory activity to prevent Aβ peptides binding to the cell membrane.

Effect of Unit Cell Shape on Switchable Infrared Metamaterial VO Absorbers/Emitters.

Metamaterial absorber/emitter is an important aspect of infrared radiation manipulation. In this paper, we proposed four simple switchable infrared metamaterial absorbers/emitters with Ag/VO disks on the Ag plane employing triangle, square, hexagon, and circle unit cells. The spectral absorption peaks whose intensities are above 0.