Design and development of an efficient RLNet prediction model for deepfake video detection.

Introduction: The widespread emergence of deepfake videos presents substantial challenges to the security and authenticity of digital content, necessitating robust detection methods. Deepfake detection remains challenging due to the increasing sophistication of forgery techniques. While existing methods often focus on spatial features, they may overlook crucial temporal information distinguishing real from fake content and need to investigate several other Convolutional Neural Network architectures on video-based deep fake datasets.

Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use Among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Attending Primary Care-Based Memory Clinics.

Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) increase the risk of adverse drug reactions, hospitalizations, and worsened health outcomes in older adults, particularly those with cognitive impairment (CI) or dementia. This study was designed to compare the Beers Criteria 2023 and the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) Criteria 2023 to determine which identifies a higher prevalence of PIMs in older adults with CI or dementia attending primary care-based memory clinics. PIMs were identified with the use of the updated Beers Criteria 2023 and STOPP Criteria 2023, from electronic medical records of study participants from January to August 2023.

Artificial intelligence for advancing eye care in resource-poor settings: Assessing the predictive accuracy of an AI-model for diabetic retinopathy screening in India.

Background: Timely identification and treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is critical in avoiding vision loss. DR screening is challenging, especially in resource-limited areas where trained ophthalmologists are scarce. AI solutions show promise in addressing this challenge.

Innovating tomorrow: Industry 5.0's role in shaping the workforce and socio-economic development in the sustainable energy transition era.

The global transition to renewable energy is not merely a technological shift but a profound socio-economic transformation, necessitating a reimagining of workforce roles, skill development, and industrial adaptation. However, existing studies on Industry 5.0 have primarily focused on technological advancements, such as the integration of smart systems, IoT, and AI, without adequately addressing their role in workforce transformation and skill enhancement.

Oral and Maxillo-facial Fungal Infections in COVID-19 Patients - A Systematic Review.

The main objective of the current systematic review was to compile and evaluate the data on opportunistic maxillofacial mycotic infections in COVID-19 patients during the treatment and post-recovery period of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comorbidities like diabetes, corticosteroid use, and mortality among COVID-19-associated patients presenting with oral and maxillofacial fungal infections were also assessed. The review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines.

enhances iron uptake to maintain fluconazole resistance.

Widespread use of fluconazole has led to the emergence of fluconazole-resistant (FR) a spp. causing challenges in clinical treatment. Iron, an essential nutrient, affects the levels of ergosterol (a fluconazole target) in fungal membranes.

Encoding Fast and Fault-Tolerant Memories in Bulk and Nanoscale Amorphous Solids.

We investigate the memory effects in cyclically deformed amorphous solids through computer simulations. Applying oscillatory shear deformations in all orthogonal directions during encoding creates fault-tolerant memories that are agnostic to the reading direction. Our extensive system size analysis shows that memory encoding is faster in small systems and becomes exceedingly challenging as systems approach the thermodynamic limit.

Fuzz Testing Molecular Representation Using Deep Variational Anomaly Generation.

Researchers are developing increasingly robust molecular representations, motivating the need for thorough methods to stress-test and validate them. Here, we use a variational auto-encoder (VAE), an unsupervised deep learning model, to generate anomalous examples of SELF-referencIng Embedded Strings (SELFIES), a popular molecular string format. These anomalies defy the assertion that all SELFIES convert into valid SMILES strings.

Emerging Trends in Neuroblastoma Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Research.

This review explores the current understanding and recent advancements in neuroblastoma, one of the most common extracranial solid pediatric cancers, accounting for ~ 15% of childhood cancer-related mortality. The hallmarks of NBL, including angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis resistance, cell cycle dysregulation, drug resistance, and responses to hypoxia and ROS, underscore its complex biology. The tumor microenvironment's significance in disease progression is acknowledged in this study, along with the pivotal role of cancer stem cells in sustaining tumor growth and heterogeneity.

Pathophysiology of oral lesions subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A systematic review.

Amidst worldwide reports of adverse oral lesions subsequent to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, the current systematic review planned to determine the prevalence of adverse oral events in adult individuals (≥18 years) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, emphasizing upon the type and dose of vaccine, time of onset, and underlying pathophysiology. The registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42023421307), conforming with PRISMA guidelines, included an all-inclusive literature search through online databases, consisting of Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Lilacs, Livivo, and PROSPERO, completed on 2 May 2023, followed by assessment of risk of bias by Joana Briggs Institute Evaluation Checklist. Due to the paucity of literature, case reports and case series were included.

Is the liver resilient to the process of ageing?

The liver's unique regenerative capacity, immunotolerant feature, and polyploidy status distinguish it as a metabolic organ unlike any other in the body. Despite aging, the liver generally exhibits fewer pathological abnormalities than other organs (such as the kidney), maintaining its functions near-normal balanced manner. Subtle changes in the liver, including reduced blood flow, detoxification alterations, pseudo-capillarization, and lipofuscin deposition, may occur with chronological age.

Let UNet Play an Adversarial Game: Investigating the Effect of Adversarial Training in Enhancing Low-Resolution MRI.

Adversarial training has attracted much attention in enhancing the visual realism of images, but its efficacy in clinical imaging has not yet been explored. This work investigated adversarial training in a clinical context, by training 206 networks on the OASIS-1 dataset for improving low-resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) magnetic resonance images. Each network corresponded to a different combination of perceptual and adversarial loss weights and distinct learning rate values.

Use of Potentially Inappropriate Medications among Older Adults with Dementia or Cognitive Impairment Attending Memory Clinics: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Older adults with dementia who are on multiple medications are more vulnerable to the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), which can significantly increase the risk of adverse events and drug-related problems. PIMs use is prevalent and varies among older adults with dementia or cognitive impairment (CI) attending memory clinics. However, the prevalence of PIMs, polypharmacy, and hyper-polypharmacy among older adults with dementia or CI who are attending memory clinics is not well understood.

The Role of Phytonutrient Kaempferol in the Prevention of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives.

In recent years, kaempferol, a natural flavonoid present in various fruits and vegetables, has received significant attention in gastrointestinal cancer research due to its varied therapeutic effects. Kaempferol has been proven to alter several molecular mechanisms and pathways, such as the PI3/Akt, mTOR, and Erk/MAPK pathway involved in cancer progression, showing its inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and migration. Kaempferol is processed in the liver and small intestine, but limited bioavailability has been a major concern in the clinical implications of kaempferol.

An Unusual Case of Symptomatic Isolated Lingual Cysticercosis: Clinical Suspicion Helped Prevent Disseminated Disease.

Intraorally, cysticercosis is regarded as uncommon and a diagnostic challenge. Here, we report a diagnostic conundrum of an unusual case of innocuous appearing lesion on the tongue presenting as moderately tender swelling finally diagnosed as lingual cysticercosis, based on USG (Ultrasound), CT (Computed Tomography) findings and characteristic histopathologic features.

Clear cell oral squamous cell carcinoma as a diagnostic conundrum: report of 2 rare cases.

The occurrence of clear cell histologic sub-type of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity is a distinct and exceedingly rare entity exhibiting aggressive behavior. To date, only 10 cases have been published in the literature. We describe 2 extremely rare cases, both presenting with swelling and ulcerated nodule-like proliferative growth in the mandible.

Recent nanotheranostic approaches in cancer research.

Humanity is suffering from cancer which has become a root cause of untimely deaths of individuals around the globe in the recent past. Nanotheranostics integrates therapeutics and diagnostics to monitor treatment response and enhance drug efficacy and safety. We hereby propose to discuss all recent cancer imaging and diagnostic tools, the mechanism of targeting tumor cells, and current nanotheranostic platforms available for cancer.

Syphilis and COVID-19: Changing trends.

Background: There is a change in the pattern and prevalence of acquired syphilis due to better awareness, surveillance, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment in India in recent years. However, restrictive measures for COVID-19 may produce different effects on incidence.

Aims And Objectives: We aimed to study the changing trend of acquired syphilis in relation to COVID-19 outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Learning to deep learning: statistics and a paradigm test in selecting a UNet architecture to enhance MRI.

Objective: This study aims to assess the statistical significance of training parameters in 240 dense UNets (DUNets) used for enhancing low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and undersampled MRI in various acquisition protocols. The objective is to determine the validity of differences between different DUNet configurations and their impact on image quality metrics.

Materials And Methods: To achieve this, we trained all DUNets using the same learning rate and number of epochs, with variations in 5 acquisition protocols, 24 loss function weightings, and 2 ground truths.

Alternative oxidase promotes high iron tolerance in .

The yeast exhibits metabolic flexibility for adaptability to host niches with varying availability of nutrients including essential metals like iron. For example, blood is iron deplete, while the oral cavity and the intestinal lumen are considered iron replete. We show here that can tolerate very high levels of environmental iron, despite an increase in high iron-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) that it mitigates with the help of a unique oxidase, known as alternative oxidase (AOX).