Trim45: An emerging E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer.

The ubiquitin proteasome system is the major pathway for intracellular protein degradation and relies on ATP supply to specifically degrade misfolded or damaged proteins. The system consists of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes that mediate the ubiquitination modification of substrate proteins, followed by proteasomal recognition and degradation of the substrate proteins. The substrate specificity and structural diversity of E3 ubiquitin ligases allow for precise recognition and degradation of proteins by the system.

STING agonists: a range of eminent mediators in cancer immunotherapy.

As fundamental components of the innate immune system, both cGAS and STING serve as the primary cytosolic DNA sensors and its downstream adaptor protein, respectively. The cGAS-STING signaling axis is activated through DNA recognition and has emerged as a pivotal regulator mediating three key processes: autophagy, apoptosis, and critical biological functions ranging from pro-inflammatory responses to antiviral/antitumor defenses. Recent breakthroughs in tumor immunology have established immunotherapy as the fourth pillar of cancer treatment, alongside traditional approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

UBA protein family: An emerging set of E1 ubiquitin ligases in cancer-A review.

The Ubiquitin A (UBA) protein family contains seven members that protect themselves or their interacting proteins from proteasome degradation. The UBA protein family regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, migration, apoptosis, autophagy, tissue differentiation, and immune response. With the deepening of research, the UBA protein family has been found to be abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor diseases, and the clarification of its relationship with tumor diseases can be used as a molecular therapeutic target and have an important role in the prognosis of tumors.

Structural and molecular dysfunctions in granulosa cells: A key contributor to porcine follicular atresia.

The physiological function and metabolism of granulosa cells (GCs) are highly regulated processes that coordinate cells specification and morphogenesis to produce related cytokines and secretions that are closely associated with follicular development. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of the molecular functions of GCs in follicular atresia. Here, we investigated follicular morphological features, fibrosis, vascular changes, and immune cell distribution.

USP32 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer progression via deubiquitinating BAG3 and activating RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway.

The regulatory significance of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 32 (USP32) in tumor is significant, nevertheless, the biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of USP32 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. According to our research, USP32 was strongly expressed in NSCLC cell lines and tissues and was linked to a bad prognosis for NSCLC patients. Interference with USP32 resulted in a significant inhibition of NSCLC cell proliferation, migration potential, and EMT development; on the other hand, USP32 overexpression had the opposite effect.

Bufalin targeting CAMKK2 inhibits the occurrence and development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for about 15% of primary liver cancer, and the incidence rate has been rising in recent years. Surgical resection is the best treatment for ICC, but the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. ICC signature genes are crucial for the early diagnosis of ICC, so it is especially important to find its signature genes and therapeutic drug.

USP32 deubiquitinase: cellular functions, regulatory mechanisms, and potential as a cancer therapy target.

An essential protein regulatory system in cells is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The substrate is modified by the ubiquitin ligase system (E1-E2-E3) in this pathway, which is a dynamic protein bidirectional modification regulation system. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are tasked with specifically hydrolyzing ubiquitin molecules from ubiquitin-linked proteins or precursor proteins and inversely regulating protein degradation, which in turn affects protein function.

The molecular mechanism of three novel peptides from C-phycocyanin alleviates MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease-like pathology in zebrafish.

Previous studies have shown that peptides isolated from C-phycocyanin (C-PC) possess various functions including antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, there is little research on C-PC peptides applied for the neuroprotective effect against a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model. In this study, twelve novel peptides from C-PC were isolated, purified and identified, and the anti-PD effect of the synthesized peptides was evaluated in a zebrafish PD model.

Bufalin targeting BFAR inhibits the occurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignant tumor of digestive system. Bufalin extracted from Venenum Bufonis is one of the most effective anticancer monomers, which has been proved to play anticancer roles in a variety of cancers such as ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and neuroblastoma. However, there are few studies on bufalin in GC, and lack of clear targets.

C-Phycocyanin Ameliorates the Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through ZDHHC5-Mediated Autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway.

The senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) impairs their regenerative capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis. Numerous studies are focusing on the interventions and mechanisms to attenuate the senescence of MSCs. C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is reported to have multiple functions such as antitumor, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-aging roles, but there is little research about the effects of C-PC on the senescence of MSCs.

Research progress in protein microarrays: Focussing on cancer research.

Although several effective treatment modalities have been developed for cancers, the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer continues to increase every year. As one of the most exciting emerging technologies, protein microarrays represent a powerful tool in the field of cancer research because of their advantages such as high throughput, small sample usage, more flexibility, high sensitivity and direct readout of results. In this review, we focus on the research progress in four types of protein microarrays (proteome microarray, antibody microarray, lectin microarray and reversed protein array) with emphasis on their application in cancer research.

The protective effect of C-phycocyanin in male mouse reproductive system.

C-phycocyanin from has pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis activities as well as liver and kidney protection. However, there is little research on C-phycocyanin applied in the field of reproductive medicine, and it is therefore the focus of the current study. In this study, a GC-1 spg cell model and male mouse reproductive injury model were constructed by TNF α + Smac mimetic + zVAD-fmk (TSZ) and cyclophosphamide (Cy), respectively.

Protective effect of C-phycocyanin and apo-phycocyanin subunit on programmed necrosis of GC-1 spg cells induced by H O.

C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is an effective antioxidant and has an important value in medical research. Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the main underlying mechanisms of cell death, and reducing oxidative stress is one of the strategies to enhance germ cell viability. Herein, we investigated the protective effect and the mechanism of C-PC and apo-phycocyanin subunit on oxidative stress damage induced by H O in GC-1 spg cells.

A Review on Drug Delivery System for Tumor Therapy.

In recent years, with the development of nanomaterials, the research of drug delivery systems has become a new field of cancer therapy. Compared with conventional antitumor drugs, drug delivery systems such as drug nanoparticles (NPs) are expected to have more advantages in antineoplastic effects, including easy preparation, high efficiency, low toxicity, especially active tumor-targeting ability. Drug delivery systems are usually composed of delivery carriers, antitumor drugs, and even target molecules.

Favourably regulating two-phase flow regime of flow boiling HFE-7100 in microchannels using silicon nanowires.

High performance miniaturized electronic devices require enhanced, compact and reliable thermal management system. As an efficient compact space cooling technique, flow boiling in microchannels has recently gained wide acceptance. However, weak buoyancy effects and microgravity in avionics and numerous space systems operations hinder the performance of flow boiling microchannel thermal management system due to poor bubble departure capacity and unfavorable development of flow regimes.

Wicking Nanofence-Activated Boundary Layer to Enhance Two-Phase Transport in Microchannels.

Controlling the movement of liquids/vapors on solid interfaces is of importance for numerous applications ranging from fluid processing to lab-on-chip and thermal management systems. In this study, a new mechanism is proposed to coordinate the two-phase transport during a boiling process in a highly on-demand fashion. A novel wicking nanofence was designed to confine liquids as an ordered, reconfigurable boundary layer that allows for significant enhancements in all aspects of two-phase transport performances.

Targeted Antitumor Mechanism of C-PC/CMC-CD55sp Nanospheres in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells.

studies had shown that C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) inhibited cervical cancer HeLa cells growth. We constructed C-PC/CMC-CD55sp nanospheres using C-PC, Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMC), and CD55 ligand peptide (CD55sp) to allow for targeted antitumor effects against HeLa cells and . The characteristics of the nanospheres were determined using FTIR, electron microscopy, and laser particle size analysis.

Supercapillary Architecture-Activated Two-Phase Boundary Layer Structures for Highly Stable and Efficient Flow Boiling Heat Transfer.

Development of smaller, faster, and more powerful electronic devices requires effective cooling strategies to efficiently remove ever-greater heat. Phase-change heat transfer such as boiling and evaporation has been widely exploited in various water-energy industries owing to its efficient heat transfer mode. Despite extensive progress, it remains challenging to achieve the physical limit of flow boiling due to highly transitional and chaotic nature of multiphase flows as well as unfavorable boundary layer structures.