An Iodide-Chloride Solid Electrolyte Compatible with Lithium Metal for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

Halide superionic conductors have garnered considerable attention due to their high ionic conductivity, mechanical deformability, and excellent oxidative stability. However, their incompatibility with lithium metal results in a thermodynamically unstable interface that increases interfacial impedance, thereby limiting the performance of halide-based all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (ASSLBs). In this study, we report the synthesis of a series of iodide-chloride solid electrolytes, LiZrClI (x = 0-3), designed to enhance the reduction stability of the electrolyte through the high polarizability of I.

Seasonal Variation in the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota of Short-Faced Moles Reveals the Associations of Climatic Factors on the Gut Microbiota of Subterranean Mammals.

The composition of animal gut microbiota is significantly affected by a variety of factors. Seasonal variation in environmental factors is believed to have a significant impact on the composition of mammalian gut microbiota. Therefore, studying the seasonal differences in gut microbiota diversity in wildlife is of great importance to explore their ecological adaptability.

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for the Binding Kinetics Analysis of Synthetic Cannabinoids: Advancing CB1 Receptor Interaction Studies.

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), a class of widely abused new psychoactive substances, are characterized by their structural diversity and rapid evolution. Structure-affinity relationships are crucial for predicting pharmacological effects and potential toxicity. Traditional methods for affinity testing are often complex and less applicable to newly modified compounds.

Assessment of abuse potential of furanylfentanyl and tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl.

Rational: Furanylfentanyl and tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl (THF-F) have been emerging in numerous intoxication and overdose cases in recent years. However, there remains a data deficiency regarding the abuse potential of these novel fentanyl analogs.

Objectives: This study was designed to systematically assess the abuse potential of furanylfentanyl and THF-F.

Pharmaco-toxicological effects of the synthetic cannabinoids 4F-ABUTINACA, SDB-005, and JWH-018 in mice. In vitro and in vivo studies.

Background: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are currently one of the most severely abused new psychoactive substances in the world. However, there remains a notable lack of pharmacological data on the newly emerged synthetic cannabinoids. In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects of the fourth-generation synthetic cannabinoids 4F-ABUTINACA and SDB-005 are determined and compared to those of the first-generation synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018.

Effect of housing density on cellular and humoral immunity, hematology in striped hamsters.

Population density is one of the most important factors influencing immune function. Social stress induced by higher density may account for the immunosuppression according to the endocrine hypothesis. To test this hypothesis, male striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) were classified into the One/Cage (n = 9), Two/Cage (n = 6), and Three/Cage (n = 9) groups, and the treatment lasted for 45 days.

Assessment of pharmacological effects and abuse potential of 5F-EDMB-PICA, CUMYL-PEGACLONE, and NM-2201 in mice.

Rationale: The newly emerging synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) 5F-EDMB-PICA, CUMYL-PEGACLONE, and NM-2201 have been observed to produce effects by activating cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors. Nevertheless, the pharmacological effects and potential for abuse of these three substances remain to be studied. These substances have yet to be regulated in many countries.

Isobutyryl-carfentanyl has strong acute toxicity and analgesic effects with high addiction potential.

Rationale: Isobutyryl-carfentanyl is the most recently discovered fentanyl analogue with a chemical structure that is similar to that of carfentanyl. Its analogue, carfentanyl, is regarded as one of the most lethal drugs in the world, with a potency of 10,000 times that of morphine. Therefore, isobutyryl-carfentanyl may possess a comparably high potency and its harmful effects cannot be ignored.

The Impact of High-Temperature Stress on Gut Microbiota and Reproduction in Siberian Hamsters ().

Global warming has induced alterations in the grassland ecosystem, such as elevated temperatures and decreased precipitation, which disturb the equilibrium of these ecosystems and impact various physiological processes of grassland rodents, encompassing growth, development, and reproduction. As global warming intensifies, the repercussions of high-temperature stress on small mammals are garnering increased attention. Recently, research has highlighted that the composition and ratio of gut microbiota are not only shaped by environmental factors and the host itself but also reciprocally influence an array of physiological functions and energy metabolism in animals.

Adjustments in energy metabolism of brown adipose tissue in heat-acclimated Kunming mice.

The thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rodents decreases with prolonged heat exposure. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, Kunming mice were acclimated at 23 ± 1 °C and 33 ± 1 °C for four weeks each to examine the body heat balance and BAT alterations.

Rodents Inhabiting the Southeastern Mu Us Desert May Not Have Experienced Prolonged Heat Stress in Summer 2022.

Climate change combined with human activities has altered the spatial and temporal patterns of summer extreme heat in the Mu Us Desert. To determine how those rodents living in the desert respond to increased extreme heat in summer, in July 2022, during the hottest month, we examined the rodent species, vegetation coverage, and small-scale heterogeneity in ambient temperature in the southeastern Mu Us Desert. The results showed that , , and were found in the study area, where the vegetation coverage is 33.

Early Mortality Risk in Acute Trauma Patients: Predictive Value of Injury Severity Score, Trauma Index, and Different Types of Shock Indices.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the predictive value of the Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma Index (TI) and different types of shock indices (SI) on the early mortality risk of acute trauma patients. Methods: Clinical data of acute trauma patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study and were treated in the hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected, including gender, age, trauma mechanism, severe injury site, ISS, TI, admission vital signs, different types of shock indices (SI), death within 7 days, length of hospital stay, and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). The predictive value of the Injury Severity Score, Trauma Index, and different types of shock indices on the risk of early mortality in patients with acute trauma were compared using relevant statistical methods.

A 3D bioprinted decellularized extracellular matrix/gelatin/quaternized chitosan scaffold assembling with poly(ionic liquid)s for skin tissue engineering.

Currently, a suitable bioink for 3D bioprinting and capable of mimicking the microenvironment of native skin and preventing bacterial infection remains a major challenge in skin tissue engineering. In this study, we prepared a tissue-specific extracellular matrix-based bioink, and dECM/Gel/QCS (dGQ) 3D scaffold assembling with poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) (dGQP) was obtained by an extrusion 3D bioprinting technology and dynamic hydrogen bonding method. The morphologies, mechanical properties, porosity, hydrophilicity, biodegradation, hemostatic effect, antibacterial ability, and biocompatibility of the hybrid scaffolds were characterized and evaluated.

Effect of Natural Seasonal Changes in Photoperiod and Temperature on Immune Function in Striped Hamsters.

What environmental factors contribute to seasonal variation in immune function in striped hamsters () remains unclear. How immune responses would respond to natural seasonal changes in photoperiod and temperature was investigated in the present study. Twenty-nine male and 30 female hamsters were randomly assigned to the winter, spring, summer, and autumn groups.

Leptin mediates the suppressive effect of partial fat removal on cellular and humoral immunity in striped hamsters.

Leptin secreted mainly by white adipose tissues (WAT) plays an important role in immune responses. To understand the role of energy status and leptin in immunity, bilateral perigonadal fat pads were removed or sham-removed in male striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Half of these hamsters were injected with sterile saline, and another half were administrated with exogenous leptin each day, which lasted for 20 days.

Season and sex have different effects on hematology and cytokines in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis).

Animals in the temperate zones face seasonal variations in environments and hence their immune responses change seasonally. In the current study, seasonal changes in hematological parameters and cytokines in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) were examined to test the winter immunoenhancement hypothesis, which states that immune function tends to increase in fall and winter compared with other seasons. Male and female hamsters were captured from the wild in the fall and winter of 2014 and in the spring and summer of 2015.

Effects of air temperatures on antioxidant defense and immunity in Mongolian gerbils.

Temperature influences many physiological processes including antioxidant defense and immunity. The hypothesis that air temperatures has no effects on antioxidant defense and innate immunity in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) was tested. Thirty-three male gerbils were randomly divided into the 4 °C (n = 11), 23 °C (n = 11) and 32 °C groups (n = 11), in which the treatment course lasted for 27 days.

Effect of temperature on antioxidant defense and innate immunity in Brandt's voles.

Ambient temperature is an important factor influencing many physiological processes, including antioxidant defense and immunity. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that antioxidant defense and immunity are suppressed by high and low temperature treatment in Brandt's voles (). Thirty male voles were randomly assigned into different temperature groups (4, 23, and 32 °C, =10 for each group), with the treatment course lasting for 27 d.

Seasonal variations in cellular and humoral immunity in male striped hamsters ().

Animals in the non-tropical zone usually demonstrate seasonal variations in immune function, which is important for their survival. In the present study, seasonal changes in immunity in striped hamsters () were investigated to test the winter immunoenhancement hypothesis. Male hamsters were captured from the wild in the fall and winter of 2014 and in the spring and summer of 2015.

Effect of temperature and food restriction on immune function in striped hamsters ().

Small mammals in temperate areas face seasonal fluctuations of temperature and food availability, both of which may influence their immune responses, which are critical to survival. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that low temperature and food restriction suppress immune function in striped hamsters (). Thirty-seven adult male hamsters were randomly assigned to warm (23±1°C) and cold (5±1°C) treatment groups, which were further divided into fed and food-restricted groups.

Photoperiod and temperature differently affect immune function in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis).

Small mammals generally use short day length to elevate immune function to counteract the immunosuppressive effect of low temperature in winter in light of the winter immunoenhancement hypothesis. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). We expected that immune responses would be increased by short photoperiod but suppressed by low temperature.

Impairment of cellular and humoral immunity in overweight Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Animal immunity is usually impaired in obesity. We know little about the effect of being overweight or obese on the immune function of wild rodents. The present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that immunity is suppressed in overweight Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Glucose supplement reverses the fasting-induced suppression of cellular immunity in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Glucose plays an important role in immunity. Three day fasting will decrease cellular immunity and blood glucose levels in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that glucose supplement can reverse the fasting-induced suppression in cellular immunity in gerbils.

Food restriction and refeeding have no effect on cellular and humoral immunity in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Small mammals in the temperate area often face fluctuations in food availability. Changes in food availability may have a great influence on an animals' immunity, which is important to their survival. We tested the hypothesis that cellular and humoral immunity would be suppressed by food restriction and restored to control levels by refeeding in Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguiculatus.