Iron-carbon composite promotes the conversion of nitrogen-containing substances during the anaerobic digestion of protein-rich substances.

Adding composites is increasingly recognized as a promising strategy to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) performance. However, the effects of these composites on the conversion of nitrogenous substances during AD are rarely documented. In this study, a simple ball milling method was used to prepare iron-carbon composites (ZVI/BC), and the effects on AD of protein-rich substrates were explored.

Review of the role of submucosal injection materials in digestive endoscopy.

Endoscopic resection techniques have been extensively applied in the treatment of precancerous lesions and early-stage cancers in the digestive tract. Both endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and most endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) procedures rely heavily on submucosal injection-a critical step that ensures complete lesion removal and helps prevent postoperative bleeding and perforation. This technique has also greatly contributed to the advancement and widespread adoption of endoscopic procedures.

A review of enhancement of chlorophenol bioremediation using synergistic effects between zero-valent iron and microorganisms.

Chlorophenols (CPs) are a class of synthetic organic chemicals that are widely distributed in soil and groundwater, posing significant risks to human health and the environment due to persistence, acute toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) has emerged as a promising remediation technique for CPs, but its efficacy is often hindered by surface passivation, non-target competition, and limited mobility in the subsurface. While CPs are inherently biodegradable, their high toxicity and the lack of functional enzymes in indigenous microbial systems restrict the effectiveness of bioremediation.

Thermodynamically Self-Assembly Hydration-Cycle Crystals for Multidimensional Off-Grid Water-Energy Nexus.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology shows water-energy solution potential but faces industrialization barriers from substrate scalability limits. Here, a regenerative hydrated coordination scaffold (R-HCS) is presented that redefines material design by leveraging water molecules as dynamic structural directors throughout the material lifecycle. Unlike conventional hydrogel/aerogel systems requiring energy-intensive crosslinking (-ΔE = 1-2 orders of magnitude) or freeze-drying processes, R-HCS forms spontaneously through water-mediated self-assembly of calcium sulfate under ambient conditions.

Recombination of agricultural residues into moldable composites.

Increasing efforts have been devoted to developing biobased and biodegradable plastics and composites from lignocellulosic biomass. Current bioplastic production entails multiple challenging steps including monomer production from biomass as well as polymer synthesis and modification. Here, we report a practical recombination strategy to transform agricultural residues into moldable cellulose-reinforced lignin (CRL) composites.

Acinar cells modulate the tumor microenvironment through the promotion of M1 macrophage polarization via macrophage endocytosis in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly aggressive and fatal cancer. M1 macrophages are generally considered to have anti-tumor properties, capable of suppressing tumor growth and metastasis by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhancing the immune response.

Aims: The objective of this research was to pinpoint crucial genes associated with M1 macrophages and search for a new way to activate the M1 phenotype of macrophages in PDA.

Chloride corrosion destabilizes chelation of fresh and aged MSWI fly ash: Mechanism and long-term behavior.

Chloride ion (Cl) contributes to the chelated incineration fly ash (CIFA) destabilization, yet there is limited research available on the effect of exogenous Cl corrosion. This study conducted 60-day column leaching experiments on fresh and aged CIFA (CIFA-F and CIFA-A), utilizing NaCl solutions at concentrations of 0 wt%, 1 wt%, and 3 wt%. It investigated the leaching behaviors of typical heavy metals (HMs) including lead, chromium, and nickel, associated with the leaching features like contents of calcium and dissolved organic matter (DOM), electrical conductivity, and pH.

Mechanochemical-Triggered Confined Coordination of Iron-Biomass Composites for Efficient Cr(VI) Reduction Under Circumneutral pH Via Accelerated Electron Extraction.

Green and eco-friendly iron-based materials for efficient Cr(VI) removal have attracted considerable interest, but challenges related to narrow working pH ranges and iron utilization efficiency still remain. Herein, inspired by the hot-spot effect-triggered confined coordination strategy, a biomass-confined iron-based reductant (CMC-GTB/Fe) is designed for Cr(VI) reduction and detoxification. Electron enrichment and confinement on biomass carriers are achieved through electron transfer mediated by coordination interactions between anchored iron species and biomass.

Directed transformation of glyphosate to orthophosphate in EAOP based on Ti/SnO/PbO anode: First unraveling the role of high-valent Pb in various reactive oxygen species.

The discharge of wastewater containing non-reactive phosphorus (NRPs), which does not exist in the form of P(V) (PO), poses significant environmental risks and phosphorus loss. In this study, electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) based twenty pairs of electrodes is used to simultaneously achieve the pollution-reducing and targeted conversion of NRPs to P(V). Significantly, EAOP driven by Ti/SnO/PbO-Ti plate electrode pair achieved more than five-fold of glyphosate (Gly) removal with only 16 %-56 % of energy consumption compared with that in other anode-based EAOP systems.

Electrochemical oxidation of glyphosate coupled with induced crystallization for simultaneous phosphorus recovery.

Non-reactive phosphates (NRPs) need to be transformed into orthophosphate (PO, P) before they can be precipitated for recovery from water. This study provides a technology for simultaneous degradation and recovery of NRPs through electrochemical advanced oxidation (EAO) coupled with induced crystallization (IC). The EAO-IC process can achieve a degradation rate of 100% of 1 mM glyphosate (Gly), conversion rate of 98.

Hydrothermally-targeted synthesis of Al-substituted tobermorite using MSWI fly ash with industrial SiO for potentially high-quality utilization.

Al-substituted tobermorite (TOB) can be synthesized as a value-added product through hydrothermal treatment (HT) using incineration fly ash (IFA) with an exogenous additive. However, extreme conditions and low purity limit its further use. To solve these issues, we explored the potential of industrial SiO (i-SiO) in synthesizing Al-substituted TOB using IFA from two megacities: Shanghai (IFA-H) and Shenzhen (IFA-Z).

Stepwise Coordination Engineering of Pt/Au Dual Catalytic Sites with Enhanced Electrochemical Activity and Stability.

Dual-site catalysts hold significant promise for accelerating complex electrochemical reactions, but a major challenge remains in balancing high loading with precise dual-site architecture to achieve optimal activity, stability, and specificity simultaneously. Herein, a strategy of stepwise targeted coordination engineering is introduced to co-anchor Pt single atoms (Pt, 1.41 wt.

Dynamic electrode reconfiguration promotes in situ electrochemical peracetic acid synthesis for selective water decontamination.

In situ synthesis and activation of peracetic acid (PAA) for water decontamination is a promising way to overcome the transport and storage problems in PAA applications. Here, an in situ electrochemical PAA synthesis and activation system is constructed using RuO-Ti "active" electrode and graphite plate as the anode and the cathode, respectively. PAA is efficiently generated at the RuO-Ti anode with a maximum real-time concentration of ∼1020 μM and a negligible precursor loss of 2.

Risk factors for surgical site infection after general surgery in HIV-infected patients: a retrospective study.

Background: As the number of HIV-infected patients increased, the number of patients requiring general surgery has subsequently increased. However, impairment of immune function due to HIV infection increases the risk of postoperative surgical-site infection and significant harm to patient health. This study aimed to examine the risk factors for surgical-site infection after general surgery.

Enhancing selective NH recovery from wastewater using modified zeolite-based flow electrode capacitive deionization.

Despite flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is an emerging technology for desalination, contaminant removal, and resource recovery, the application of conventional FCDI in wastewater treatment is hindered by the electrode selectivity and material costs. In this study, we synthesized a low-cost ammonium (NH) adsorption electrode material by modifying zeolite using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na). The flow electrode prepared by the mixture of EDTA-zeolite and carbon black exhibits a high selectivity and adsorption capacity for the recovery of NH from wastewater.

Coexisting ferrihydrite-enhanced contaminant degradation during pyrite oxygenation.

Oxygenation of pyrite (Py) is known to mediate generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with these species capable of inducing contaminants degradation, whereas the possible participation of coexisting Fe(III) minerals in these processes is still unclear. This study finds that freshly formed ferrihydrite (Fh) significantly enhances the Py-mediated sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation process. Through the Fe isotope tracer experiment and a series of control experiments, Fh is found to be reduced by Py to form secondary solid-phase Fe(II) species (Fe(II)) which in turn facilitates generation of HO from the O reduction pathway.

Contribution of complexed Fe(Ⅱ) oxygenation to norfloxacin humification and stabilization: Producing and trapping of more humified products.

Organic pollutants polymerization in advanced oxidation processes or environmental matrices has attracted increasing attention, but little is known about stabilization of the polymerization products. The results in this work revealed the contribution of Fe(Ⅱ) oxygenation to stabilization of the products from norfloxacin (NOR) humification. It was found that upon oxygenation of Fe(Ⅱ) complexed by catechol (CT), NOR polymerized into the products with larger molecular weight through nucleophilic addition.

High-efficient M-NC single-atom catalysts for catalytic ozonation in water purification: Performance and mechanisms.

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) holds promise in water purification but suffers from limited accessible metal sites, metal leaching, and unclear structure-activity relationships. This work reported M-NC (M=Co, Ni, Fe, and Mn) single-atom catalysts (SACs) with high atomic efficiency and minimal metal release. The new HCO systems, especially the Co-based system, exhibited impressive performance in various refractory contaminant removal, involving various reactive species generation, such as •OH, •OH, *O, and O.

Engineering Built-In Electric Field Microenvironment of CQDs/g-CN Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

Graphitic carbon nitride (CN), as a nonmetallic photocatalyst, has gained considerable attention for its cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly nature in catalyzing solar-driven CO conversion into valuable products. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of CO reduction with CN remains low, accompanied by challenges in achieving desirable product selectivity. To address these limitations, a two-step hydrothermal-calcination tandem synthesis strategy is presented, introducing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) into CN and forming ultra-thin CQD/CN nanosheets.

Enhanced hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol through carboxymethylcellulose-modified Pd/Fe nanosuspension synthesized by one-step methods.

Palladized iron (Pd/Fe) represents one of the most common modification strategies for nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). Most studies prepared Pd/Fe by reducing iron salts and depositing Pd species on the surface of pre-synthesized nZVI, which can be called the two-step method. In this study, we proposed a one-step method to obtain Pd/Fe by the concurrent formation of Fe and Pd and investigated the effects of these two methods on 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) removal, with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) coated as a surface modifier.

Enhanced anaerobic digestion of human feces by ferrous hydroxyl complex (FHC): Stress factors alleviation and microbial resistance improvement.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) offers a reliable strategy for resource recovery from source-separated human feces (HF), but is limited by a disproportionate carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Ferrous hydroxyl complex (FHC) was first introduced into the HF-AD system to mediate methanogenesis. Mono-digestion of undiluted HF was inhibited by high levels of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide (HS).

Bias-free driven ion assisted photoelectrochemical system for sustainable wastewater treatment.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems have emerged as a prominent renewable energy-based technology for wastewater treatment, offering sustainable advantages such as eliminating dependence on fossil fuels or grid electricity compared to traditional electrochemical treatment methods. However, previous PEC systems often overlook the potential of ions present in wastewater as an alternative to externally applied bias voltage for enhancing carrier separation efficiency. Here we report a bias-free driven ion assisted photoelectrochemical (IAPEC) system by integration of an electron-ion acceptor cathode, which leverages its fast ion-electron coupling capability to significantly enhance the separation of electrons and holes at the photoanode.

Self-Assembled Core-Shell Structure MgO@TiO as a KCO Support with Superior Performance for Direct Air Capture CO.

Traditional carbon capture and storage technologies for large point sources can at best slow the rate of increase in atmospheric CO concentrations. In contrast, direct capture of CO from ambient air, or "direct air capture" (DAC), offers the potential to become a truly carbon-negative technology. Composite solid adsorbents fabricated by impregnating a porous matrix with KCO are promising adsorbents for the adsorption capture of CO from ambient air.

ZnS-embedded porous carbon for peroxydisulfate activation: Enhanced electron transfer for bisphenol A degradation.

Transition metal sulfides have garnered increasing attention for their role in persulfate activation, a crucial process in environmental remediation. However, the function of metal sulfides without reversible valence changes, such as ZnS, remains largely unexplored in this context. Here we report ZnS-embedded porous carbon (ZnS-C), synthesized through the pyrolysis of Zn-MOF-74 and dibenzyl disulfide.